闭式燃气轮机循环的有限时间热力学分析

本文从有限时间热力学观点出发，导出了有限时间约束条件下闭式燃气轮机循环的最大功率及其相应的效率界限和任意功率下的效率界限，即最佳功率、效率关系，借此可分析热阻对闭式燃气轮机循环性能的影响，并实现其有限时间热力学优化．     

闭式燃气轮机回热循环性能新析

导出存在热阻和不可逆压缩、膨胀损失的闭式燃气轮机回热循环功率和效率与压比间的解析式，发现回热对循环功率有较大影响。     

钢铁厂高炉煤气燃气轮机循环热力分析

建立了钢铁厂燃用高炉煤气的简单循环燃气轮机装置模型,根据经典热力学和燃气轮机循环理论编制了循环热力性能计算程序,计算了循环功率和效率随压比的变化关系。结果表明存在不同压比分别使循环功率和效率达到最大值,提高涡轮进口燃气温度和降低煤气压缩机进口温度有利于提高循环性能。     

具有空气冷却的简单循环燃气轮机热力学建模和性能优化:(I)建模

研究了考虑空气冷却和实际气体性质的简单循环三轴燃气轮机热力学性能,给出了循环功率和效率的计算流程,并利用UGT25000型工业燃气轮机的设计性能数据对模型进行了验证计算。结果表明,所建模型是准确的,能有效地反映燃气轮机循环的设计性能。     

恒温热源不可逆闭式中冷回热燃气轮机循环的功率和效率

用有限时间热力学方法首次研究了恒温热源条件下不可逆闭式中冷回热燃气轮机循环的功率、效率以及中间压比特性，导出了无因次功率及效率的解析式。通过数值计算方法，分析了中冷度、回热度对循环最优功率、最优效率及其对应的中间压比分配的影响。     

闭式中冷回热燃气轮机循环经济性能优化

建立了考虑变温热源的闭式中冷回热(ICR)燃气轮机循环有限时间热力学(FTT)模型,导出了循环利润率和效率解析式,优化各换热器热导率分配和中冷压比,得到了最大利润率;进一步优化总压比,得到双重最大利润率;并分析了总热导率等重要设计参数对循环最优性能的影响。结果表明,随着高低温侧热源进口温比、低压压气机效率、高压压气机效率、涡轮效率、各换热器有效度以及压力恢复系数的增大,循环最大利润率和对应的功率和效率增大。随着价格比的增大,循环利润率增大,但对应的效率却有所减小。存在一个最佳的工质与热源热容率匹配值使变温热源闭式不可逆中冷回热燃气轮机循环的利润率取得三重最大值。     

具有空气冷却的简单循环燃气轮机热力学建模和性能优化:(Ⅱ)优化

在第(I)部分给出循环功率和效率计算流程的基础上,通过优化低压压气机压比和总压比,分别得到了考虑空气冷却和实际气体性质的三轴燃气轮机简单循环最大比功率、最大效率及相应的冷却空气比例。计算和分析表明,存在最佳的总压比使循环性能最优,燃烧室出口燃气温度对循环最优性能有影响。     

IC循环船用燃气轮机的可行性研究

从总体上分析了不同典型燃气轮机循环参数下采用间冷循环(IC)所能获得的性能.在此基础上,针对一台大功率简单循环船用燃气轮机(MGT-33)开展了将其派生为-型间冷循环船用燃气轮机的研究,前提是原发动机燃气发生器的通流部分和结构绝大部分保持不变,以继承原机的可靠性.研究表明,采用间冷循环后,在结构改动最小和保持整机紧凑性的前提下,燃气轮机的总体性能仍有明显的提高,功率增加约34%,效率提高约4.1%,具有工程实施价值.     

具有等熵压缩,膨胀过程的闭式燃气轮机回热循环有限时间热力学性能

本文研究恒温和变温热源条件下具有等熵压缩、膨胀过程的闭式燃气轮机回热循环有限时间热力 学性能，导出两种情况下的功率输出和热效率与循环压比间的关系，由此可得最佳功率、效率特性。对于给定的热源条件，回热对循环功率有很大影响，这一结论与经典的分析明显不同。分析中计入了工质与高，低温热源间换热器和回热器的热阻损失，当不计高、低温侧换热器的热阻损失时，本文结果与经典结论一致。     

具有等熵压缩、膨胀过程的闭式燃气轮机回热循环有限时间热力学性能

本文研究恒温和变温热源条件下具有等熵压缩、膨胀过程的闭式燃气轮机回热循环有限时间热力学性能，导出两种情况下的功率输出和热效率与循环压比间的关系，由此可得最佳功率、效率特性．对于给定的热源条件，回热对循环功率有很大影响，这一结论与经典的分析明显不同．分析中计入了工质与高、低温热源间换热器和回热器的热阻损失．当不计高、低温侧换热器的热阻损失时，本文结果与经典结论一致．     

Propulsion of a hydrogen-fuelled LH2 tanker ship

This study aims to present a philosophical and quantitative perspective of a propulsion system for a large-scale hydrogen-fuelled liquid-hydrogen (LH2) tanker ship. Established methods are used to evaluate the design and performance of an LH2-carrier propulsion system for JAMILA, a ship designed with four cylindrical LH2 tanks bearing a total capacity of ～280,000 m³ along with cargo and using the boil-off as propulsion and power fuel. Additionally, the ship propulsion system is evaluated based on the ship resistance requirements, and a hydrogen-fuelled combined-cycle gas turbine is modelled to achieve the dual objectives of high efficiency and zero-carbon footprint. The required inputs primarily involve the off-design and degraded performance of the gas-turbine topping cycle, and the proposed power plant operates with a total output power of 50 M.W. The results reveal that the output power allows ship operation at a great speed even with a degraded engine and adverse ambient conditions.     

补燃型不可逆联合循环热机的性能分析

在原有的不可逆联合动力循环模型的基础上,建立了一个存在热阻、热漏、补燃、内不可逆性的定常流联合卡诺热机循环模型。研究其在补燃作用下的功率和效率特性并对其进行优化,导出功率、效率的基本优化关系,分析了补燃对最优性能的影响。     

广义不可逆卡诺热机的生态学最优性能

以反映热机功率与熵产率之间最佳折衷的“生态学”准则为目标，综合考虑热阻、热漏及其它不可逆性对卡诺热机性能的影响，导出牛顿传热规律下循环的生态学最优性能，由数值计算分析比较了热漏、内不可逆性的影响特点。生态学优化以牺牲小部分输出功率为代价，较大地降低了循环的熵产率，而且在一定程度上提高了热机效率。因此，生态学目标函数不仅反映了输出功率和熵产率之间的最佳折衷，而且反映了输出功率和热效率之间的最佳折衷。     

Finite-time heat-transfer analysis and ecological optimization of an endoreversible and regenerative gas-turbine power-cycle

This paper deals with the application of finite-time heat-transfer theory to optimize ecologically the power output of an endoreversible and regenerative gas-turbine power-cycle for infinite thermal-capacitance rates to and from the reservoirs. The expressions for power, thermal efficiency, and exergetic efficiency corresponding to the maximum ecological function for the gas-turbine cycle are presented. The effects of regeneration and hot–cold temperature ratio on power, entropy-generation rate, thermal efficiency and exergetic efficiency, all at the maximum ecological function, are determined. It is shown that both the power output and entropy-generation rate are increased significantly by the use of regenerators, and increase monotonically with an increase with hot/cold temperature ratio. The results further indicate that the thermal efficiency and exergetic efficiency are decreased by the use of regenerators and rise with an increase in the temperature ratio. By the introduction of the ecological function, the improvements in exergetic efficiency and thermal efficiency are evident.     

Power optimization of open-cycle regenerator gas-turbine power-plants

A performance analysis and optimization of a open-cycle regenerator gas-turbine power-plant is performed in this paper. The analytical formulae about the relation between power output and cycle overall pressure-ratio are derived taking into account the eight pressure-drop losses in the intake, compression, regeneration, combustion, expansion and discharge processes and flow process in the piping, the heat-transfer loss to the ambient environment, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and the turbine, and the irreversible combustion loss in the combustion chamber. The power output is optimized by adjusting the mass-flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. Also, it is shown that the power output has a maximum with respect to the fuel-flow rate or any of the overall pressure-drops and the maximized power output has an additional maximum with respect to the overall pressure-ratio. The numerical example shows the effects of design parameters on the power output and heat-conversion efficiency.     

Assessment of Bejan’s heat exchanger allocation model under the influence of generalized thermal resistance,relaxation effect,bypass heat leak and internal irreversibility

This article reports an analytical investigation of the optimal heat exchanger allocation and the corresponding efficiency for maximum power output of a Carnot-like heat engine. To mimic a real engine, the generalized power law for the resistance in heat transfer external to the engine, relaxation effect in heat transfer, bypass heat leak and finally internal irreversibility of the power producing compartment of the engine is taken into consideration. From the engineering perspective the temperature ratio of the heat source and sink as well as to that of hot end and cold side of the working fluid is considered not to be the controllable parameters. A parametric study is presented for the other possible controllable variables. Selection of a power law over a linear model has a significant effect on the optimal heat exchanger allocation for maximum power output and the corresponding efficiency. For a higher degree of relaxation effect the drop in the maximum power efficiency is prominent along with the shift of equipartitioned allocation of heat exchanger inventory. Bypass heat leak and internal irreversibility exhibits relatively less pronounced effects on the maximum power efficiency and on the optimal heat exchanger allocation. Thus the endoreversible formulation of thermodynamic model is physically realistic. Strikingly when the optimal allocation of the heat exchanger inventory obeys the principle of equipartition in macroscopic organization for the linear law of the external heat resistance, the thermal efficiency appears to assume the representative documented value. Hence the linear model due to Bejan is also capable of capturing the essential features of a real power plant.     

内燃机有限时间内不可逆循环热力学分析

本文讨论了内燃机循环在逐步考虑各种主要不可逆因素后所构成的一系列新的热力学模型下有限时间热力学分析，重点寻找出在规定的模型下其循环最大输出功率与对应的热效率之间的关系，给出了有限时间热力学意义下内燃机循环新的性能界限，它们对实际内燃机性能的评估及改进有一定的指导意义。     

不可逆回热布雷顿CCHP装置FTT建模

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法(FTT)建立了闭式不可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产(CCHP)装置模型,导出了装置无量纲可用能率、火用输出率、利润率、第一定律效率和火用效率的解析式。通过数值计算得到了各个性能指标与压比的关系,优化了压比。分析了设计参数对最优性能的影响,发现回热能够显著增大第一定律效率和火用效率;增大压气机和透平效率、压力恢复系数能够增大5个性能指标,但前者使相应压比增大,后者使相应压比减小;增大热电比能够显著增大可用能率和第一定律效率;分别存在最佳的供热温度使5个最优性能指标取得最大值;提高冷库温度能增大可用能率和第一定律效率,但会降低火用输出率、火用效率和利润率。     

闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置(火用)分析

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法建立了闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置模型,导出了装置无量纲(火用)输出率和效率的解析式。通过数值计算分析了回热器热导率对(火用)输出率和(火用)效率的影响,发现存在临界压比,同时优化了压比,研究了热电比、制冷和供热温度等设计参数对最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率以及相应最佳压比的影响,发现最优(火用)输出率时的设计压比要大于最优(火用)效率时的设计压比,最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率均随冷用户温度的升高而减小,分别存在最佳的热用户温度使(火用)输出率和(火用)效率取得最大值,热用户温度对装置最优(火用)性能的影响比冷用户温度更为明显。     

Optimal Performance Characteristics of Subcritical Simple Irreversible Organic Rankine Cycle

Based on the theory of finite time thermodynamics, a subcritical simple irreversible organic Rankine cycle (SSIORC) model considering heat transfer loss and internal irreversible losses is established in this paper. The total heat transfer surface area is taken as a constraint, and R245fa is adopted as working fluid of the cycle in the performance optimization. The evaporator heat transfer surface area and mass flow rate of the working fluid are optimized to obtain the maximum power output and thermal efficiency of the SSIORC, respectively. In addition, the influences of the internal irreversibilities on the optimal performances are also investigated. The results show that when the evaporator heat transfer surface area is varied, the relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is a loop-shaped curve, and there exist maximum power output and thermal efficiency points, respectively. However, the two maximum points are very close to each other. When the mass flow rate of the working fluid is varied, the relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is a parabolic-like curve. With the decreases of expander and pump irreversible losses, the performances of the irreversible SSORC are close to those of the endoreversible SSORC with the only loss of heat transfer loss.