细水雾熄灭K类火灾的全尺寸模拟实验

利用ISO 9705全尺寸多功能热释放速率测试仪在开放空间研究了细水雾作用下K类火灾的发展过程,实验中对细水雾作用下食用油火的温度、热释放速率及烟气的主要特性参数变化规律进行了测量与研究,分析了预燃时间对灭火有效性的影响,系统地阐述了细水雾作用下K类火灾关键特性参数的变化规律．实验发现,细水雾可以有效地抑制K类火灾的发展,在其作用下火焰温度及热释放速率快速降低,并可以有效地冲刷烟气,降低一氧化碳及二氧化碳的浓度,提高氧气的浓度及火场能见度．同时利用稳定火源热释放速率模型计算了K类火灾发展阶段的热释放速率,与实验测量结果比较发现,模型可准确地预测K类火灾发展阶段的热释放速率的变化规律．     

洁净气体/细水雾联合灭木垛火实验研究

通过小尺寸实验研究了洁净气体灭火剂溴氟丙烯(BTP)和细水雾与木垛火相互作用的特性,发现BTP可以迅速地扑灭木垛表面明火,但是难以抑制其内部阴燃火;而细水雾可以有效地抑制木垛阴燃火,但灭木垛表面明火效率较低.为了克服两者灭木垛火的不足,进而对两者联合灭木垛火进行了研究,并比较了两种不同的联合方式:先喷BTP再喷细水雾以及BTP和细水雾同时喷.结果表明,溴氟丙烯和细水雾联用可以实现两者的优势互补,提高灭火效能,且先喷BTP后喷细水雾比同时喷灭火速度更快,抗复燃时间更长.     

船舶机舱水雾灭火相似模型分析与设计

以某型3000吨级船舶机舱为原型,根据对船舶机舱火灾蔓延规律的相似理论分析,建立了小尺度船舶火灾模拟实验舱的相似物理模型;确定了船舶机舱细水雾模拟的相似准则关系,并建立了模拟机舱细水雾灭火系统相似物理模型;依据IMO相关细水雾灭火系统有效性评估的实验场景设置和相似模型设计,采用FDS（4.0）对模拟实验舱内细水雾灭火系统进行了数值模拟的实验研究.实验结果表明,在忽略热辐射作用的条件下,对细水雾灭火系统采用相似理论分析,并建立的相似缩比模型可以较好的模拟原型舱室细水雾灭火过程与规律.     

室内火灾区域模拟烟气羽流模型的适用性

结合不同的烟气羽流模型与门口溢流模型,对室内火灾过程进行建模,利用区域模拟方法计算室内热烟气层厚度及温度随时间的变化情况.利用ISO 9705全尺寸标准火灾实验系统进行实验研究,通过计算结果与实验结果的比较,分析不同羽流模型的适用性.结果表明:Thomas模型与MeCaffrey模型预测的羽流流量值偏大,导致烟气温度计算值比实验值偏低,不适用于大功率火源的情况;Zukoski模型预测的羽流卷吸量偏低,其温度计算值比实验值偏高,适合于小功率火源的情况;Heskestad模型预测的羽流流量值较为稳定,区域模拟结果与实验符合得较好,可用于大功率火灾羽流的预测.     

高压细水雾系统抑制货架障碍火的实验研究

货架火是商场超市火灾中的主要燃烧形式,对其行为规律的研究有助于该类建筑防灭火工作的开展。分析了利用高压细水雾系统灭货架火的可行性;搭建了高压细水雾灭火的实验平台,通过实验研究了高压细水雾系统控制与扑灭商场超市货架火灾的可能性;测试了细水雾的施加对该类火灾现场温度、辐射热通量强度及烟气浓度变化的影响情况;比较了货架的不同摆放形式对火灾参数的影响。实验结果表明,利用高压细水雾系统灭货架火是有效可行的。     

细水雾作用下气体射流火焰熄灭的临界条件

设计了开放空间条件下细水雾扑灭气体射流火的模拟实验,发现可燃气体流率大小和火焰上升力大小都直接影响了灭火成功与否,进而通过理论分析和计算分别得出了细水雾灭射流火的临界条件,细水雾的吸热功率大于11%～15%射流火的火源功率时可实现灭火,射流上升力与细水雾下压力的比值小于1.0～2.8时细水雾也能够通过克服火焰上升力进而实现灭火,实验结果也显示,相同气体流率情况下气体射流上升力与细水雾下压力的比值越大则灭火时间越长.     

不同排烟条件下细水雾扑灭油池火的实验研究

通过全尺寸模拟实验研究了细水雾和机械排烟共同作用下小室火灾烟气特性.实验中通过改变变频器频率来调节风量和风速,通过封堵来改变排烟口位置及其开口大小,研究分析了细水雾和机械排烟共同作用下火场的温度和CO体积分数变化.实验结果表明,随着排烟强度的增加,细水雾灭火时间延长,烟气平均升温速率和平均降温速率均下降,CO体积分数降...     

超细水雾熄灭甲烷火焰的临界灭火质量浓度

利用发展的临界灭火质量浓度预测模型,分别在1600K和1700K两种燃烧极限温度下对超细水雾和水蒸气的临界灭火质量浓度进行计算,并采用FLUENT软件开展具有详细化学反应的数值模拟.模型采用1600K得出的理论结果与模拟结果、前人实验结果均较为接近;通过对比理论结果与模拟结果,发现超细水雾冷却在灭火作用中的效果稍高于水蒸气,但却远低于水;模拟发现在火焰温度降低到1600K以下时,才可实现稳定灭火,这对于消防工程中火焰熄灭温度的选取具有一定理论指导作用.     

细水雾与油雾火焰相互作用的实验及数值模拟研究

开展了细水雾抑制熄灭燃油油雾火的实验研究,并在试验研究的基础上,利用大型计算流体力学商业软件模拟研究细水雾与油雾火焰的相互作用。研究表明,细水雾熄灭油雾火的机理是降低可燃物与氧气混合浓度比和动力学效应、火焰冷却与衰减热辐射。在细水雾与油雾火焰相互作用动态过程中模拟计算与实验有一定程度的吻合;模拟计算表明细水雾有效灭火的前提是快速穿透火焰。     

灭火添加剂对细水雾性质与灭火效能的影响

为了提高细水雾的灭火效能,研究了两种复合细水雾灭火添加剂G1和G2对水的物理化学性质的影响.通过试验研究了G1和G2对水溶液密度、黏度、表面张力、细水雾粒径分布以及灭火效能的影响.结果表明,G1和G2对水溶液的密度和黏度影响不大,G1使水溶液的表面张力和细水雾的雾滴粒径减小,G2使水溶液的表面张力和细水雾的雾滴粒径增大.通过清水细水雾和含G1和G2的细水雾熄灭煤油池火的试验,得到灭火效能的顺序:含G1细水雾＞含G2细水雾＞清水细水雾.分析了含G1和G2的细水雾对煤油池火的抑制熄灭机制,G1和G2中各成分之间的偶合效应提高了细水雾的综合灭火效能,含有G1的细水雾主要是通过提高细水雾蒸发吸热降温效果及气相俘获自由基的作用来提高灭火效能,而含有G2的细水雾主要通过提高大粒径雾滴穿透火羽流,冷却燃烧物表面及气相俘获自由基的作用提高灭火效能.     

受限空间内细水雾抑制熄灭火焰过程中一氧化碳的生成率

细水雾抑制熄灭火焰过程中一氧化碳的浓度是评价细水雾灭火系统安全可靠性的一个重要参数.本文通过受限空间内细水雾抑制熄灭障碍火的模拟实验研究,发现细水雾抑制熄灭火焰过程中一氧化碳生成率存在两种控制模式,即燃料控制模式和细水雾流量控制模式.实验结果表明,在燃料控制模式下,一氧化碳生成率随着燃料流量的增大而增大;在细水雾控制模式下,一氧化碳生成率随着细水雾流量的增大而增大.为了获得两种控制模式的临界转变条件,对燃料控制模式和细水雾控制模式的临界工况进行水蒸气含量分析.通过理论分析,得到一氧化碳生成率控制模式转变的水蒸气含量临界范围与 Suh and Atryeya 理论基本一致,即空气中水蒸气质量分数达到25%~65.5%时,水蒸气对火焰的作用从化学作用转为物理作用,一氧化碳生成率控制模式开始转变     

细水雾与液体燃料火焰相互作用的小尺度实验研究及简化模型

细水雾灭火技术是可以替代哈龙灭火剂的绿色灭火技术。以此为工程背景,开展了细水雾与液体燃料火焰相互作用的小尺度实验研究,结果表明:预燃时间、喷雾气压、细水雾气源种类等参数对灭火过程有重要影响。细水雾抑制熄灭液体燃料火焰的主要机理是燃料表面冷却效应。建立的液体燃料平均温度零维简化模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

A numerical simulation of the suppression of hydrogen jet fires on hydrogen fuel cell ships using a fine water mist

In this paper, in order to evaluate the reliability of a fine water mist for the suppression of fires on hydrogen fuel cell ships, the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to simulate the jet fire process and the action of a fine water mist on a fire caused by a hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage tank areas of hydrogen fuel cell ships. The fire scenario was classified into vertical or horizontal jet fires according to the location of the leakage in the hydrogen storage tank area, and the suppression effects of a fine water mist on hydrogen jet fires under a different droplet size, spray velocity, and ambient wind speed were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that a fine water mist is not effective in extinguishing hydrogen jet fires; however, by selecting suitable parameters (a spray velocity of 30 m/s and average droplet size of 30 μm), it can effectively reduce the fire field temperature of hydrogen jet fires and prevent the fire from developing further. Increasing the average droplet size of the fine water mist results in a gradual degradation of the suppression effect, while a higher spray velocity of the mist enhances the suppression effect to a certain extent. The ambient wind speed is an important factor that influences the suppression effect of a fine water mist on hydrogen jet fires, and when this speed is less than 4 m/s, a fine water mist with a higher spray velocity and smaller average droplet size is still a superior way of suppressing fires.     

A Zone Model in Simulating Water Mist Suppression on Obstructed Fire

A zone model is proposed for studying the obstructed fire suppression by a total flooding water mist system in a chamber with different ventilation conditions. This is a one-zone thermal model mainly for simulating scenarios where oxygen consumption and dilution by water evaporation are the main fire extinguishing mechanisms. The water flow rate and volume mean diameter of a droplet has been used to characterize the water mist system. The fire is taken as a heat source, and its heat release rate is related to oxygen consumption. Mass and energy conservation equations for gaseous species in the enclosure under fire have been solved. Fire suppression is predicted by investigating the limit of oxygen concentration. Numerical results are verified by two sets of experiments on water mist fire suppression system reported in the literature. The predicted results agreed qualitatively with the experiments. In addition, the predicted results by this model are also compared with other existing models. Factors affecting the fire extinguishment mechanism are analyzed, and the limitations of the model are discussed.     

Experiment and prediction of fire extinguishment with water mist in an enclosed room

The correlation between oxygen concentration and fire temperature when fire was extinguished with water mist was theoretically studied. The Semenov theory was applied to analyze the critical condition when fire was extinguished with water mist, from which the correlation could be obtained. The water mist experiments were carried out by varying the fire size, atomizer number, ceiling height, system pressure, and pre-burn time in an enclosed room. The oxygen concentration near the edge of the liquid pool and the fire temperature above the center of the liquid pool were measured. A comparison of the experimental data with the correlation was made under different conditions. The results showed that fire extinguishment was a stochastic process which could be affected by many factors. This theoretical model could predict the correlation between fire temperature and oxygen concentration when fire was extinguished with water mist in an enclosed room and it can also be treated as a critical condition for fire extinguishment.     

Experimental evaluation of water mist with metal chloride additives for suppressing CH4/air cup-burner flames

In order to investigate the fire suppression effectiveness of water mist with metal chloride additives, ultrafine water mists of these salts with diameters about 10μm were introduced into CH4 /air non-premixed flame in the cup burner. Results showed that these droplets hard to make itself to the flame front under the cup burner flow conditions functioned as a carrier of the vaporized solid particles or its decomposed materials. The metal chloride improved fire suppression efficacy of water mist which were affected by the type and concentration of metal chloride. On a mass basis, there is a fire suppression effectiveness relationship of MgCl2 相似文献