膜法富氧技术用于节能研究

发达国家称膜法富氧技术为“资源的创造性技术”，用于有色金属冶炼时平均氧浓度为３０．５％，节能为４３．５％，ＳＯ２提高两倍多且增产４２．６％等。我们用氧含量２８％～３０％，富氧量仅为所需空气量的１％左右，平均增产１０．２％，节约燃料１１．８％，玻璃质量均有提高，窑炉寿命亦相应延长，烟尘排放也低于国家环保标准，一般３～１１个月就能回收全部投资。膜法富氧能用于所有燃料、所有窑炉的助燃，而且社会效益和经济效益均显著。此外，凡需要空气之处均可用富氧替代。     

膜法富氧局部增氧助燃技术及其在燃油锅炉中的应用

在燃油锅炉中应用膜法富氧助燃节能技术可以使普通空气的含氧量从２０．９４％提高到２８％～３０％，富氧气通过富氧喷嘴进入炉膛局部增氧形成“气包油”的燃烧状态，以４ｔ燃油锅炉为例，锅炉热效率提高８．３％，燃油节约率１６．６４％，节能效果非常显著。     

局部增氧助燃技术应用节能环保的新进展

1引言因为能源越来越紧缺,而且环保要求也越来越严格,所以近年来局部增氧助燃技术在节能环保方面的应用也越来越广泛。这是一种适用于各种窑炉的专用富氧喷嘴和"对称燃烧"、"α型燃烧"、"S型燃烧"等与窑炉、产品和燃料匹配的高新集成技术。该技术不仅避免了整体增氧副作用多、投资巨大等缺点,而且所配富氧量非常少,仅为所需助燃风量的1%～5%,     

锰铁高炉富氧鼓风的实践

富氧鼓风在２５５ｍ３锰铁高炉上的生产实践和应用效果，在富氧率３％－４％范围内，富氧率提高１％，冶炼强度可提高８．１１％，焦比降低２．８８％，在现有富氧率条件下，未发现因风口前理论燃烧温度升高而影响高炉顺行，富氧后明显富化了煤气热值，降低了炉顶煤气温度，本文还初步探讨了锰铁高炉富氧鼓风的极限。     

工业锅炉膜法富氧燃烧技术探讨

<正> 1 前言膜法富氧技术是70年代国际上兴起的用高分子膜将含氧浓度为21％的空气制成氧浓度较高的富氧空气技术。虽然传统的深冷空分法(制氧机制氧法)和分子筛变压吸附制氧技术较成熟,但在一定规模上,膜法富氧投资少、运行费用低。因此,各国都在积极研究、开发。英、     

玻璃熔窑富氧燃烧的几个关键问题

富氧燃烧技术是一项节能新技术，文章对玻璃熔窑中的富氧燃烧系统的几个关键问题进行探讨，为玻璃熔窑合理使用富氧燃烧技术以取得较好的节能效果进行可行性建议。     

不同富氧含量玻璃熔窑火焰空间温度场的对比

建立了玻璃熔窑火焰空间温度场的三维数学模型，通过对某日产400t燃油浮法玻璃熔窑火焰空间在三种富氧情况(氧含量分别是24％，27％，30％)下用图像模拟直观的表述出计算结果。模型包括气相流动与传热模型，雾化油滴燃烧的轨道模型，和辐射传热模型。程序采用MS-FORTRAN语言，绘图采用Stanfordgraphic软件。对比结果表明，随着富氧含量的增加，各小炉火焰长度明显缩短，温度显著提升，模拟结果对窑炉设计与富氧燃烧组织有一定的参考价值。     

富氧燃烧锅炉初探

介绍了不同目的的锅炉富氧燃烧技术,重点分析了膜法富氧对于锅炉性能所带来的影响,对于进一步发展膜法富氧锅炉技术和扩大应用提出了建议.     

工业炉窑富氧燃烧技术的应用实践

在阐明富氧助燃节能技术的节能机理的基础上,分析工业炉窑能耗,介绍工业炉窑富氧燃烧技术的研究现状,并确定富氧气体来源选择。通过介绍某公司工业炉窑富氧燃烧技术的改造实践,分析改造前后节能效果对比,证明应用富氧助燃可获得明显的节能效果,有效减少大气污染,综合效益显著。     

富氧燃烧对不同气体燃料特性的对比分析

为有效利用工业副产煤气,改善锅炉低负荷稳定燃烧,现针对某动力厂燃气锅炉运行过程中水平烟道氧含量不满足运行条件的情况,采用助燃空气富氧燃烧方案,分析高炉煤气、转炉煤气和按9∶1比例混合出的混合煤气经助燃空气富氧后对烟道氧含量及其燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:助燃空气富氧增容后,排烟量与空气量均减少;转炉煤气、混合煤气以及高炉煤气在送风量不变的情况下,助燃空气分别富氧增容至27%、29%、33%时,可提高锅炉水平烟道氧含量,使其达到2%左右。燃气锅炉采用助燃空气富氧燃烧的技术方案,在实现工业副产有效利用的同时,极大程度地减少了污染物的排放。     

应用于燃油锅炉的富氧空气助燃技术探讨

介绍富氧助燃技术,并论述该技术应用于燃油锅炉的节能减排效果。通过对燃烧过程进行热工分析得知,采用含氧浓度为28%的富氧空气进行助燃时,烟气排放明显减少,燃烧室理论温度可由1340K左右提高至1720K以上。在富氧空气气氛下,柴油燃烧速度也有一定提高。以常见的系统工艺及实际情况为例,对富氧空气助燃的经济可行性加以论述,并初步提出了技术改进方案。结果显示,采用富氧空气助燃技术可以达到节约能源、降低排放的效果。     

通过能量平衡分析,探讨加热炉节能途径

通过热平衡和（火用）平衡计算,对连续加热炉进行综合热工分析,针对炉子用能的薄弱环节,提出利用局部增氧和高温空气燃烧等技术措施实现加热炉节能的新的思路.     

局部增氧助燃技术及在工业炉窑中的应用

局部增氧助燃技术包括“局部增氧”、“梯度燃烧”、“对称燃烧”和“α型燃烧”等高新技术，能用于所有燃料和大多数工业炉窑，作者单位已在玻璃池窑、工业锅炉和加热炉等炉窑上推广应用了数十套，不但显著节能、增产，而且延长炉龄、环保达标等，一般几个月就能收回全部投资。     

初始氧浓度对锅炉富氧燃烧和NOx排放的影响

针对某电站300MW燃煤锅炉,基于专门开发的CFX-TASCFLOW软件平台,将额定负荷下空气气氛、不同初始氧浓度φ(O2=21%、30%、35%、40%)的O2/CO2气氛,共五种工况下的炉内流动、燃烧及污染物生成进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:O2/CO2燃烧方式下,炉膛出口烟气中CO2的浓度均可达到90%以上,便于CO2的回收;随着初始氧浓度的增大,炉内的火焰温度提高,沿炉膛高度方向温度的降低幅度增高,炉膛出口烟气温度降低,NOx的生成量小于空气气氛;飞灰可燃物在初始氧浓度为21%时最高,在初始氧浓度增至30%～40%时,飞灰可燃物大幅度下降;30%的初始氧浓度是比较合理的富氧燃烧浓度。     

富氧燃烧技术在内燃机中的应用

利用高分子选择性气体分离膜对空气进行分离,从而得到含氧量≥２８％的富氧空气用于工业燃烧,是一种节能效果好,经济效益高,可较少环境污染的高效燃烧技术。但是,这一燃烧新技术在应用最为广泛的动力机械－内燃机上却基本未得到研究和应用。     

富氧空气/甲烷扩散燃烧的NO抑制机理的数值研究

为了开发适用于富氧燃烧的NO抑制技术,以对向流扩散火焰这一扩散燃烧的典型形态为对象,利用所建立的基元反应动力学模型研究了燃料稀释（CO2为稀释剂）以及速度梯度的改变对富氧空气/甲烷扩散火焰中NO生成的影响.用CO2稀释燃料甲烷得到的计算结果表明,随着燃料中CO2浓度的增大,火焰结构和NO生成的机理发生了显著变化,NO排放指数EINO（Emission index of NO）单调减少.改变速度梯度发现,随着速度梯度的增加,热力型NO质量生成速率以及EINO快速下降.这些研究表明,用CO2稀释燃料以及增加速度梯度可以减少富氧火焰中NO的生成.     

Experimental investigation of NOx emissions during pulverized char combustion in oxygen-enriched air preheated with a circulating fluidized bed

An experimental investigation on NO_x emissions of pulverized char combustion in oxygen-enriched air was carried out in a new test system consisting of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) and a down-fired combustor (DFC). In this paper, the pulverized char combustion characteristics and NO_x emission characteristics in the air conditions, the local oxygen-enriched air conditions in the CFB and the overall oxygen-enriched air conditions were studied. The results show that when the primary air oxygen concentration increased from 21.0% to 24.6% and to 28.2%, the ratio of fuel-nitrogen converted to nitrogen in the CFB increased from 39.7% to 45.0% and to 50.8%, respectively. This finding indicates that the preheating process in the CFB was one of the important reasons why the preheating combustion technology could significantly reduce NO_x emissions. Compared with the air combustion conditions, the NO emissions decreased to almost half of the original emissions when only the primary air oxygen concentration increased. On this basis, the NO emissions increased slightly when the air oxygen concentration was also increased in the DFC. Under these conditions, the variations in the char combustion efficiency were consistent with the variations in the temperature distribution. The feasibility and superiority of integrating the preheating combustion technology and oxygen-enriched air combustion technology are verified.     

The new technology and the partial thermotechnical computation for air-cooled blast furnace tuyere

To change the cooling method for the water-cooled blast furnace tuyere used during iron-making progress, according to the jet principle of fluid mechanics and heat convection principle, the technology of jet-flow air-cooled blast furnace tuyere was put forward. Based on the hypotheses about blast furnace, tuyere and the mix-up transparent gas medium in a hearth of blast furnace, the mathematical model of the thermotechnical process for tuyere surface was built by using the conservation law of energy. Keeping the temperature of tuyere surface constant, the cooling-air temperature heated by heat convection, the air-consumed amount and the volume percentage of cooling-air-consumed amount in the air-consumed amount for single tuyere were computed in accordance with the different initial temperature of cooling air jetting into blast furnace. The results indicate that the temperature of tuyere surface and the volume percentage of cooling-air-consumed amount in the air-consumed amount for single tuyere will be kept constant by selecting the different initial temperature and jetting velocity of cooling air jetting into blast furnace.     

空气分级燃烧技术中两级燃尽风技术试验研究

本文以神木烟煤和阳泉贫煤为试验对象，在一维火焰炉上对其进行了空气分级燃烧技术模拟试验研究。试验结果表明，与通常的空气分级技术相比较，燃尽风分两股送人炉内不仅能有效降低NOx的排放量，还能很好的降低飞灰可燃物含量，取得更佳的脱硝效果和燃尽效果。     

Mathematical modeling of combustion in a grate-fired boiler burning straw and effect of operating conditions under air- and oxygen-enriched atmospheres

A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed as a tool for furnace structure design and operation conditions optimization when the straw combustion is in oxygen-enriched or conventional air atmospheres. Mathematical methods have been used based on a combination of FLIC (A fluid Dynamic Incinerator Code) code for the in-bed incineration and commercial software FLUENT for the over-bed combustion. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres promote the destruction of most pollutants due to the high oxygen partial pressures and temperatures, which is reflected by very low residual amounts of organic combustion by-products in the bottom ash and flue gas of the straw-fired boiler unit. The predictions indicated that the maximum combustion temperature is around 1500 K, CO emission is 201 vppm and O₂ concentration is about 6.9 vol% at furnace exit, and it is shown that mathematical models can serve as a reliable tool for detailed analysis of straw combustion processes in the packed-bed furnace when compared with literature measurement data. In comparison to traditional straw combustion, the deviation of flue gas CO and NO is 27.5% and 62.1%, respectively. The numerical simulation results showed that combustion under the oxygen-enriched atmosphere excelled combustion under conventional air.