应力比和频率对GC－4钢CF裂纹扩展特性的影响

研究了五种应力比和四种频率对ＧＣ－４（４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭｏＶＡ）钢在３５％ＮａＣｌ中性溶溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展（ＣＦＣＧ）特性的影响．结果表明，在高应力比时，ＣＦＣＧ的ｄα／ｄｔ－Ｋｍａｘ曲线存在两个平台区ＰⅠ和ＰⅡ，且（ｄａ／ｄｔ）ＰⅡ＜（ｄａ／ｄｔ）ＰⅠ．ＣＦＣＧ的ｄａ／ｄＮ－△Ｋ曲线的平台区起始值面△Ｋｐ随频率升高呈幂函数关系而降低．从表面电化学反应动力学、裂尖表面形变动力学以及裂尖材料内部氢的扩散动力学三个方面综合考虑，导出了△ＫＰ－ｆ的理论函数关系．该函数关系与ＣＦＣＧ试验数据所显示的函数关系十分一致．     

应力比和频率对GC-4钢CF裂纹扩展特性的影响

研究了五种应力比和四种频率对ＧＣ－４（４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭｏＶＡ）钢在３５％ＮａＣｌ中性溶溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展（ＣＦＣＧ）特性的影响．结果表明,在高应力比时,ＣＦＣＧ的ｄα／ｄｔ－Ｋｍａｘ曲线存在两个平台区ＰⅠ和ＰⅡ,且（ｄａ／ｄｔ）ＰⅡ＜（ｄａ／ｄｔ）ＰⅠ．ＣＦＣＧ的ｄａ／ｄＮ－△Ｋ曲线的平台区起始值面△Ｋｐ随频率升高呈幂函数关系而降低．从表面电化学反应动力学、裂尖表面形变动力学以及裂尖材料内部氢的扩散动力学三个方面综合考虑,导出了△ＫＰ－ｆ的理论函数关系．该函数关系与ＣＦＣＧ试验数据所显示的函数关系十分一致．     

高强度抽油杆用钢的腐蚀疲劳行为

研究了高强度抽油杆用钢３８ＭｎＣｒＮｉＭｏ经８９０°Ｃ×１ｈ空冷＋６０００Ｃ×１ｈ空冷（回火）及８９０°Ｃ×１ｈ空冷（正火）处理后，在空气、蒸馏水和３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率（ＦＣＧＲ）及外加极化电位对ＦＣＧＲ的影响，并对腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）断口及金相组织进行了微观分析。结果表明，该钢经两种工艺热处理后在中性水溶液中疲劳裂纹扩展均属氢脆（ＨＥ）机制。由于回火样强度较低，塑性较好，对ＨＥ敏感性较低，所以具有较高的疲劳抗力，ＦＣＧＲ较低。文中就ＣＦ过程中裂纹扩展对ＨＥ的敏感性进行了讨论。     

42CrMo钢连续冷却时贝氏体对疲劳性能的影响

通过连续冷却方法，在４２ＣｒＭｏ钢中获得马氏体＋（３０－４０）％贝氏体复相组织，与完全淬火的马氏体回火到相同硬度（３７ＨＲＣ）条件下进行了接触疲劳，弯曲疲劳以及多次冲击性能比较。试验表明，复相组织优于完全淬火组织的性能。电镜分析指出，复相组织疲劳性能高的原因是复相组织的下贝氏体回火后析出短杆状碳化物，能有效地阻止疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展。     

超高强度钢CF裂纹扩展的超载效应：Ⅱ试验验证与分析

对ＧＣ－４（４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭｏＶＡ）钢在空气与３．５％ＮａＣｌ中性溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展（ＣＦＣＧ）的单次超载与周期超载效应进行了试验性研究．结果表明，ＣＦＣＧ超载迟滞效应由快速撕裂过程，迟滞过程和恢复过程组成．对于周期超载，当两次超载周次之间裂纹扩展长度ａｄ远小于超载塑性区尺寸ｒｐＯＬ与恒载塑性区尺寸ｒｐＣＬＡ之差，即ａｄ＜＜ｒｐＯＬ－ｒｐＣＬＡ时，ＣＦＣＧ会发生比空气疲劳时还强烈的超载迟滞效应．而当ａｄ＞ｒｐＯＬ－ｒｐＣＬＡ时，会发生超载加速效应．断口分析表明，当ａｄ＜＜ｒｐＯＬ－ｒｐＣＬＡ时，ＣＦＣＧ不会发生超载撕裂，而当ａｄ＞ｒｐＯＬ－ｒｐＣＬＡ时，会发生显著的超载撕裂．上述试验的宏观规律与断口特征均验证了前文所建立的ＣＦＣＧ超载效应的定量描述模型．     

300M钢腐蚀疲劳小裂纹扩展特性及其超载效应

在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液（ＳＷ）、蒸馏水和空气三种环境,两种应力比和四种应力水平的实验条件下对３００Ｍ（４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉＭｏＶ）钢腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）时长裂纹扩展（ＬＣＧ）和小裂纹扩展（ＳＣＧ）特性的影响进行了研究．对不同应力水平下,周期超载对３００Ｍ钢在空气与ＳＷ中的ＬＣＧ和ＳＣＧ特性的影响进行了对比研究．结果表明,晶界等微观障碍对小裂纹扩展的阻滞作用是高强钢小裂纹现象的本质原因．施加腐蚀环境,超载或提高应力水平均有利于小裂纹越过微观障碍．虽然超载显著降低长裂纹的裂纹扩展速率,但对小裂纹扩展则既可能引起迟滞效应,也可能引起加速效应．氢在晶界聚集,导致晶界脆化,可能是造成本文环境因素与力学因素对小裂纹扩展影响的一个主要原因．     

20G和2.25Cr—1Mo钢氢蚀后的疲劳性能

对２０Ｇ和２．２５Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢经不同程度氢蚀后的常规力学性能与疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了对比研究。并对氢蚀组织变化与裂纹扩展路径进行了显微观察。结果表明，氢蚀使２０Ｇ钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显增大；扩展门槛值在氢蚀起始阶段显著降低，随后又呈增加趋势。对２．２５Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢，由于元素Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ作用，其氢蚀程度远低于２０Ｇ钢，从而未造成疲劳裂纹扩展速率的明显改变。分析表明，氢蚀后疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的上升     

20G和2．25Cr—1Mo钢氢蚀后的疲劳性能

对２０Ｇ和２．２５Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢经不同程度氢蚀后的常规力学性能与疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了对比研究。并对氢蚀组织变化与裂纹扩展路径进行了显微观察。结果表明，氢蚀使２０Ｇ钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显增大；扩展门槛值在氢蚀起始阶段显著降低，随后又呈增加趋势，对２．２５Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢，由于元素Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ的作用，其氢蚀程度远低于２０Ｇ钢，从而未造成疲劳裂纹扩展速率的明显改变，分析表明，氢蚀后疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的上升可以归因于曲折开裂路径造成裂纹闭合效应的增加。     

MST法研究CF裂方扩展行为

提出了用非常规的圆截面小锥度光滑试样研究腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）裂纹扩展行为的新方法，即ＭＳＴ法（Ｍｕｌｔｐｅ Ｓｍａｌｌ－ａｎｇｌｅ－ｃｏｎｅ－ｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎ Ｔｅｓｔ）。以黄鲷在Ｍａｔｔｓｏｎ溶液中的腐蚀疲劳为例介绍了本方法的试验程序和结果。本文法所需要的试验装备简单、省时间、费用低，便于观察裂纹与显微组织的关系，并且可测定多裂纹体系中表面裂纹朝纵深方向的扩展速率，在试验过程中不必停机及清洗试件使裂     

Cu—Zn—Al合金中马氏体和贝氏体浮突的原子力显微镜研究

首次采用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）对Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金中的马氏体浮突和贝氏体浮突进行了定量观测。在此基础上，将ＡＦＭ的测量结果与马氏体相变表象理论（ＰＴＭＣ）进行发对比，发现马氏体浮突角与ＰＴＭＣ理论相符合，而贝氏体浮突角与ＰＴＭＣ理论不符合，说明贝氏体相变机制与马氏体不同，不可能是切变机制；同时发现贝氏体浮突是一组贝氏体亚单元所造成的浮突组成的浮突群。     

CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION BEHAVIOR OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN HANK’S SOLUTION

ＣＯＲＲＯＳＩＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＣＲＡＣＫＩＮＩＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦ３１６ＬＳＴＡＩＮＬＥＳＳＳＴＥＥＬＩＮＨＡＮＫ’ＳＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮ￥Ｊ．Ｈ．Ｘｉｅ;Ｙ．Ｓ．Ｗｕ;Ｊ．Ｑ．Ｈｅ;Ｘ．Ｚ．ＹａｎｇａｎｄＲ．Ｚ．Ｚｈｕ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅ...     

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT AND ENVIRONMENT ON CRACK PROPAGATION RATE IN STEEL GC-4 UNDER CORROSION FATIGUE AND STRESS CORROSION

Comparative investigations were carried out of the effect of heat treatment regimes Jor steelGC-4(40CrMnSiMoVA)on its crack propagating rates,from corrosion fatigue,(da/dN)_(CF),or stress corrosion cracking,(da/dt)_(SCC),in media with various constituentsand pH values.Both(da/dN)_(CF) and(da/dt)_(SCC) accelerate with the increase of yield stressof the steel,yet the former is far less than the later.In comparison with media,the(da/dt)_(SCC) in distilled water is slightly greater than that in 3.5% NaCl solution,and the(da/dN)_(CF) in distilled water is far less than that in 3.5% NaCl solution.With the pH valueincreasing in 3.5% NaCl solution,the(da/dN)_(CF) lowers down and the(da/dt)_(SCC) speedsup.An explanation was also proposed with concept of the cyclic hardening and softening atcrack tip,as well as the crack closure and occluded cell effect.     

带镀层GC-4超高强度钢的腐蚀断裂

应用慢拉伸及断裂力学方法研齐了带镀层的GC-4钢(40CrMnSiMoVA)在3.5％NaCl中的应力腐蚀特性,并与裸钢作了对比。结合扫描电镜及宏观断口分析,探讨了失效机理。研究表明,阴、阳极镀层均使钢的KIscc降低,da/dt(Ⅱ)显著增加,其影响依无氰Cd、Cd-Ti、Cr的次序增加。慢拉伸试验结果说明,阴、阳极极化均使GC-4裸钢延性降低。根据BL-WOL试样裂纹扩展在表面处较内部为快以及阴、阳极镀层、平面应变状态对断口形貌的影响,可以认为带镀层与不带镀层GC-4钢的腐蚀断裂机理为裂尖阳极溶解与氢脆共同作用,并且裂尖溶解将直接参与导致裂纹扩展.从而对高强度钢腐蚀断裂的纯氢脆机理作出修正。     

In-situ SEM observation on fracture behavior of austempered silicon alloyed steel

Crack initiation,propagation and microfracture processes of austempered high silicon cast steel have been investigated by using an in-situ tensile stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. It is revealed that micro cracks always nucleate at the yielding near imperfections and the boundary of matrix-inclusions due to the stress concentration. There are four types of crack propagations in the matrix:crack propagates along the boundary of two clusters of bainitic ferrite;crack propagates along the boundary of ferrite-austenite in bainitic ferrite laths;crack propagates into bainitic ferrite laths;crack nucleates and propagates in the high carbon brittle plate shape martensite which is transformed from some blocky retained austenite due to plastic deformation.Based on the observation and analysis of microfracture processes,a schematic diagram of the crack nucleation and propagation process of high silicon cast steel is proposed.     

几种低合金钢在NaCl水溶液中腐蚀疲劳的研究

本文对几种低合金钢在3.5%NaCl 水溶液中的 CF 进行了实验研究。首先在室温下对其抗 CF性能作了比较,进而研究了温度对18Nb 钢 CF 裂纹扩展速率的影响.求出该钢在3.5%NaCl 水溶液中 CF 裂纹扩展激活能为7.4～7.9kcal/mol。认为氧的去极化反应可能是控制18Nb 钢 CF 裂纹扩展速率的主要因素。     

SCF FEATURE OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IN BOILING MgCl_2SOLUTION

Corrosion fatigue under the load of low frequency and bigh mean stress has been generallydefined as stress corrosion fatigue(SCF).It is a specific failure process due to the inter-action between stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and corrsion fatigue(CF),the effectsof which on fracture characteristics,including crack initiation and propagation.servicelife and cracking mode have not been investigated systematically.The purpose of this pa-per was to study the environment-sensitive fracture behaviour of OCr18Ni9Ti austeniticstainless steel under the load of different fiequencies and high mean stress in boilingMgCl_2 solution.The interaction between SCC and CF would be emphasized.     

CORROSION BEHAVIOR AND VARIATION OF APPARENT MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF ONE NEWLY-DEVELOPED LOW CARBON BAINITIC STEEL IN ENVIRONMENT CONTAINING CHLORIDE ION

利用周浸加速腐蚀实验与力学性能实验对比研究了新型低碳贝氏体钢、超低碳铁素 体钢以及09CuPCrNi钢这3种钢在含氯离子环境中的耐腐蚀性能与拉伸性能的变化. 与超低 碳铁素体钢和09CuPCrNi钢相比, 新型低碳贝氏体钢不仅力学性能提高了, 而且耐腐蚀性 能亦得到改善, 其腐蚀速率明显低于其余2种对比钢, 并且随着腐蚀时间的延长其优势更加 明显. 3种钢的锈层具有相近的相组成, 但新型低碳贝氏体钢的腐蚀产物颗粒最细小且锈层 最致密, 同时在接近钢基体的锈层处Cr和Cu的富集程度最明显且Cl的含量最低. 新 型低碳贝氏体钢锈层阻碍氯离子透过能力高于其余2种对比钢锈层.     

原奥氏体晶粒度对40CrNiMoA钢在蒸馏水中的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳断裂过程的影响

本文作者研究了不同冶炼条件和不同奥氏体化温度热处理的40CrNiMoA钢试样在蒸馏水中的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳行为,测定了试样的原始奥氏体晶粒度,对晶界杂质偏聚情况进行了Auger电子能谱分析,对应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳断裂的初始阶段进行了扫描电镜断口观察。根据实验结果,作者认为高强度钢40CrNiMoA在蒸馏水中的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳行为主要与原始奥氏体晶粒度有关。晶粒大小与裂纹前端塑性区尺寸两者的相对比较决定了断裂方式,从而决定了材料的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳萌生和扩展的难易程度。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 1,000 MPa Ultra-High Strength Hot-Rolled Plate Steel for Coal Mine Refuge Chamber

The 1,000 MPa ultra-high strength hot-rolled plate steel with low-carbon bainitic microstructure was developed in the laboratory for coal mine refuge chamber. The static recrystallization behavior, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of this hot-rolled plate steel were investigated by the hot compression, continuous cooling transformation, and tensile deformation test. The results show that the developed steel has excellent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperature, and its microstructure mainly consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, and ferrite after thermal–mechanical control process(TMCP). The ultra-high strength plate steel is obtained by the TMCP process in hot rolling, strengthened by bainitic transformation, microstructure refinement, and precipitation of alloying elements such as Nb, Ti, Mo, and Cu. The experimental steel has relatively low welding crack sensitivity index and high atmospheric corrosion resistance index. Therefore, the developed steel has a good balance of strength and ductility both at room and elevated temperature, weldability and corrosion resistance, and it can suffice for the basic demands for materials in the manufacture of coal mine refuge chamber.     

316L不锈钢在模拟人体体液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展

研究了人工关节常用材料316L不锈钢在人体模拟体液（Hank’s溶液）中腐蚀疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展过程。结果表明，材料在该溶液中具有孔蚀倾向；遭受侵蚀的晶界具有应力集中的缺口效应，在疲劳应力和腐蚀介质的联合作用下产生了腐蚀疲劳裂纹；腐蚀疲劳裂纹的扩展至沿晶伴穿晶的混合型扩展。