井下油套环空连续腐蚀监测探针技术填补国内空白

正不久前,西北油田分公司"一种镶嵌式油套管腐蚀监测装置"获得国家知识产权局实用新型专利授权。该项发明填补了国内超深高温油套环空腐蚀连续监测领域的技术空白。以往,井下油套环空腐蚀监测采用挂环,存在无法连续腐蚀监测的问题,常规的油套环空腐蚀探针监测耐温耐压低,只能达到120℃,耐压50Mpa,且装置采用焊接结构,存在硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂风险,直接影响超深超高温条件下的腐蚀监测数据在线读取。     

高酸原油加工用常压塔顶循环回流系统的腐蚀原因

针对某厂石化常压塔顶循环回流(简称常顶循)系统加工高酸原油过程中出现的腐蚀加重现象,对常压塔顶循油和塔顶冷凝水中的腐蚀介质进行了分析,同时利用X射线衍射及X射线能谱分析了常顶循换热器、过滤器釜头侧等部位的腐蚀产物。结果表明:氯化氢、硫化氢是引起常顶循系统腐蚀的主要原因,高温下环烷酸分解生成二氧化碳、常顶循油具有弱酸性及小分子羧酸的存在也是造成常顶循腐蚀的重要因素。     

凝析气田腐蚀调查与原因分析

通过现场腐蚀调查和模拟试验,研究某凝析气腐蚀穿孔行为,结果表明乙二醇富液、黑色粘油以及一醇、轻油高温分解物、氧是设备金属腐蚀破坏的主要原因。     

碳钢和不锈钢在高温环烷酸介质中的腐蚀行为

采用失重法和表面分析研究了碳钢和不锈钢在高温环烷酸油介质中的腐蚀行为规律。结果表明：酸值和温度是影响金属环烷酸腐蚀行为的主要因素,其反应动力学遵循Arrhenius公式。腐蚀速度随着温度的上升而增加,同一温度下酸值影响气相腐蚀速度与液相腐蚀速度之间的关系。腐蚀速度与酸值的平方根成线性关系。随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀速度迅速降低,最后趋于稳定的腐蚀速度。     

P110SS钢在H2S和CO2环境中的腐蚀特征

利用高温高压哈氏合金反应釜对P110SS油套管钢在不同H2S和CO2环境下的腐蚀行为进行了实验。研究了H2S和CO2分压对P110SS油套管钢腐蚀规律的影响,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法分析了腐蚀试样的微观形貌与结构特征,发现P110SS在较低温度条件下,H2S浓度非常低时,腐蚀特征与单纯CO2腐蚀规律相似,腐蚀速率比较高。在相同的H2S分压条件下,随CO2浓度增加,腐蚀速率依次增加。通过应力腐蚀开裂试验表明,P110SS在高温205℃条件下应力腐蚀开裂敏感较小。     

P110油管钢在含S元素和CO_2模拟油田地层水饱溶液中的腐蚀行为研究（英文）

随着对油气资源需求量的高速增长,高含硫油气藏不断被开发,由于元素硫、CO_2、以及地层水等多腐蚀因素的耦合作用,带来了高的油套管腐蚀风险。通过浸泡试验和电化学试验研究了P110油管钢在含元素硫和CO_2的模拟油田地层水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着温度升高,促进了硫化亚铁的形成,P110油管钢的腐蚀速率增大,并发生了严重的局部腐蚀。然而,温度在不同的范围内的影响是不同的,这主要是由于不同的腐蚀控制因素,如低温下受二氧化碳控制,而高温下主要受元素硫控制。最后,基于这些结果讨论了元素硫和二氧化碳的耦合效应。     

90℃下油气管钢的腐蚀和缓蚀机理研究

应用现场挂片失重法、电化学极化曲线及SEM微观形貌观察,探讨了在90℃高温环境下KO80SS和N80油气管钢的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机理,评价了缓蚀剂3L的缓蚀性能。研究结果表明:在90℃高温下,未加缓蚀剂3L时KO80SS试样表面未生成连续的腐蚀膜,N80生成了一层孔隙率大、致密性差的薄层;加入缓蚀剂3L后,除了局部的微裂纹和局部剥离现象外,KO80SS和N80表面均形成连续的腐蚀产物覆盖层;而且,加入缓蚀剂3L后KO80SS和N80钢的自腐蚀电位均正移,属于阳极型吸附缓蚀剂。     

超临界锅炉用材料的高温腐蚀研究进展

合金材料的耐高温腐蚀性能研究在先进超临界火电机组的发展中占有相当重要的地位,随着锅炉参数的提高,高温腐蚀逐渐成为合金材料使用寿命的主要制约因素。从三种主要的超临界锅炉合金材料出发(铁素体耐热钢、奥氏体耐热钢以及镍基高温合金),综述了常用的锅炉用高温合金材料及其高温腐蚀研究,包括在不同环境中的腐蚀,如SO_2气氛、KCl蒸汽、Na_2SO_4盐膜以及NaCl盐膜对高温腐蚀的影响;合金元素以及锅炉温度对高温腐蚀的影响。通过对腐蚀产物形貌、结构及元素分布的总结,对已有的研究成果进行了分析比较,发现大多数合金的腐蚀产物出现了分层现象,并且腐蚀过程中氧化-硫化过程交替进行,导致S元素的侵入以及腐蚀产物层的松动。讨论了腐蚀过程从萌生到加速腐蚀的历程机理,总结了锅炉不同高温腐蚀类型(焦硫酸盐腐蚀、复合硫酸盐腐蚀及氯化物腐蚀)。最后展望了未来高温腐蚀研究在超临界锅炉领域的发展方向。     

原油高温腐蚀性能研究

本文综述了国内外原油高温腐蚀性能的研发现状,分别归纳分析了高温硫腐蚀和高温环烷酸腐蚀在腐蚀机理及其影响因素、腐蚀预测、以及腐蚀控制措施方面的研究进展。同时探讨了存在的问题和可能的重点研究方向。     

冷轧钢板锈蚀原因及防锈对策

通过对冷轧钢板在高温、高湿大气环境中锈蚀原因 进行系统分析,提出了利用油-气两相缓蚀的方案解决钢板表面防锈油涂覆不均造成的腐蚀 问题.阐述了气相防锈油DZL的设计方案,通过静态湿热腐蚀试验和气相防锈性能试验评价了 接触缓蚀和气相缓蚀性能,并用电化学方法对其气相缓蚀作用进行了研究.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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