溶胶-凝胶法制备La1-xSrxMnO3及其电磁性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了La_1-xSr_xMnO₃(LSMO)纳米微粉。探究了Sr^₂₊的掺杂量对LSMO晶体结构、磁学性质、电磁特性和微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明,随Sr^₂₊含量的升高,样品的晶格常数和Mn-O-Mn键角增大,平均晶粒尺寸逐渐下降,样品出现从反铁磁性向铁磁性的转变,复介电常数呈先增大后减小的趋势。在2~18GHz内,x=0的样品在厚度为2mm时有最佳吸波效果,反射率小于-10dB对应的有效吸波频段为12.5~18GHz;Sr^₂₊的掺杂可使吸波频段有效的向低频移动,在X波段内,x=0.2的样品在厚度为2.3mm时的有效带宽达2.6GHz,证明LSMO是一种性能优异的介电损耗型吸波材料。     

Fe73.2Si16.2B6.6Nb3Cu1非晶合金粉体电磁屏蔽性能研究

为防控电磁污染问题,亟待开发更好的电磁屏蔽材料。本文设计了成分为Fe_73.2Si_16.2B_6.6Nb₃Cu₁的合金并制备了非晶合金条带,经过高能球磨处理得到非晶合金粉体。研究了球磨处理时间对合金粉体软磁性能、微观结构、形貌和电磁波吸收性能的影响。结果表明,非晶合金粉体球磨后产生了α-(Fe,Si)相,提高了软磁性能,饱和磁化强度最高可达137.94emu/g。非晶粉体形貌为椭球状,随球磨时间增加,合金粉体粒径减小,提高了电磁波吸收性能,最小平均粒径为8.42μm。合金具有优异的电磁波吸收性能,电磁波损耗机制主要为磁损耗。球磨50h后的非晶合金粉体具有最佳的电磁波吸收性能,在频率为4.57GHz处取得的最小反射损耗达到-42.26dB,吸波剂厚度为2.5mm时的最大有效吸收(<-10dB)带宽高达5.78GHz。     

NiFe1 . 98Nd0 . 02O4-Fe 双层吸波涂层设计及制备

目的制备高性能NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4-Fe双层吸波涂层。方法采用溶胶凝胶自燃烧法制备钕掺杂NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和矢量网络分析仪对NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4和羰基铁的结构、形貌、电磁参数进行测试分析。采用遗传算法对NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4-羰基铁双层涂层的厚度进行优化设计。结果以环氧树脂为基体,以羰基铁和NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4为吸波剂的双层吸波涂层具备较好的吸波性能,厚度约1 mm,反射率在9.25~11.35 GHz范围内均小于-10 dB。结论 NiFe1.98Nd0.02O4层和羰基铁层在吸波性能上有很好的互补性,理论优化结果和实验结果相同。     

MnAl粉体微波吸收特性的研究

采用电弧熔炼和高能球磨以及回火热处理工艺制备了Mn55Al45合金粉体,使用SEM、XRD和网络矢量分析仪分析了球磨时间和回火温度对Mn55Al45合金微粉的形貌、相结构及吸波性能的影响。结果表明：随球磨时间增加,粉体中Al2Mn3和Al11Mn14的相对含量会随之而增加;粉体的复介电常数虚部、复磁导率虚部的共振峰频率和吸收峰频率都随球磨时间的增加而逐渐向低频移动,球磨18 h的粉体有很好的频宽效果; 球磨24 h时,反射率峰值在16 GHz处达到 -28 dB。随回火温度的增加,粉体中的Al2Mn3增多,球磨 18 h后和 经400 ℃回火处理的粉体,在 6 GHz～ 18 GHz频段内有较好的综合吸波性能。在吸波涂层厚度d=2.0 mm 下, 400 ℃回火处理的粉体在17 GHz频率处具有最小反射率值为-26.4 dB。     

基于超材料设计的羰基铁低频复合吸波涂层研究

为获得低频宽带吸波材料,本文采用共沉淀和原位聚合技术制备了羰基铁/CoFe₂O₄/PANI三元复合材料,并以此为介质层,借鉴超材料思想,设计了一种基于超材料结构的羰基铁复合吸波涂层,改善了低频吸波性能。分析了超材料的结构设计对羰基铁/CoFe₂O₄/PANI涂层吸波性能的影响,并对赋予超材料结构后的复合涂层的吸波机理进行了研究和讨论。通过仿真优化发现,在电阻膜方阻值为10mΩ/□和镂空十字电阻膜图案尺寸达到最佳时,在相同厚度下赋予超材料结构后的复合涂层具有比单一羰基铁涂层更宽的吸收频带以及更低的吸收频率,在3.8-6.9GHz频段内反射率均小于-10dB。研究表明,将超材料结构融入到羰基铁涂层性能改进中,能够有效提升其低频吸波性能。     

MnAl粉体微波吸收特性的研究（英文）

采用电弧熔炼和高能球磨以及回火热处理工艺制备了Mn_(55)Al_(45)合金粉体,使用SEM、XRD和网络矢量分析仪分析了球磨时间和回火温度对Mn_(55)Al_(45)合金微粉的形貌、相结构及吸波性能的影响。结果表明:随球磨时间增加,粉体中Al_2Mn_3和Al_(11)Mn_(14)的相对含量会随之而增加;粉体的复介电常数虚部、复磁导率虚部的共振峰频率和吸收峰频率都随球磨时间的增加而逐渐向低频移动,球磨18 h的粉体有很好的频宽效果;球磨24 h时,反射率峰值在16 GHz处达到-28 dB。随回火温度的增加,粉体中的Al_2Mn_3增多,球磨18 h后和经400℃回火处理的粉体,在6~18 GHz频段内有较好的综合吸波性能。在吸波涂层厚度d=2.0 mm下,400℃回火处理的粉体在17 GHz频率处具有最小反射率值为-26.4 dB。     

热处理对大气等离子喷涂LaTi2Al9O19-Zr0.92Y0.08O1.96 复合涂层粉末的影响

将纳米/亚微米级Zr_0.92Y_0.08O_1.96（YSZ）增韧稀土复合氧化物LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉（LTA）颗粒通过喷雾干燥制备出喷涂粉体,采用不同温度对其进行煅烧,并研究不同温度的热处理对喷雾干燥粉体的流动性、松装密度和形貌的影响。结果表明：未经热处理的喷雾干燥粉体呈现出疏松结构,粒径为40~80 μm。经过热处理后,LTA-YSZ颗粒之间的结合更加紧密,在1100 ℃下煅烧的粉体具有最好的喷雾特性和形貌。通过等离子喷涂进行沉积制备的LTA-YSZ涂层呈现良好的层状结构,并伴有缺陷。     

MOCVD方法在SrFe_(12)O_(19)表面生长Fe薄膜及其吸波性能

采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)工艺,以高纯Fe(CO)5和SrFe12O19为原料,高纯N2为载气,在SrFe12O19表面沉积连续Fe膜,从而制得Fe-SrFe12O19复合材料.用XRD,SEM,EDS和矢量网络分析仪对粉末的结构及电磁性能进行表征并对其吸波性能进行研究.结果表明,SrFe12O19表面沉积的膜层为纯a-Fe相,厚度约为0.5mm,沉积薄膜比较均匀完整地覆盖在SrFe12O19表面.SrFe12O19表面沉积a-Fe膜后,其电磁性能发生明显改变,吸波性能有较好改善.沉积时间30min时制备的样品有最佳的吸波效果,涂层厚度为1.5~3.0mm时,最小反射率均低于-19dB,在6.8~18.0GHz均能实现吸波强度低于-10 dB.随着厚度的增加,反射率峰值先减少后增加,厚度为2.0 mm时,达到最小值-21.2 dB.     

碳包覆坡莫合金纳米颗粒的爆轰法制备及吸波性能研究

采用尿素络合硝酸铁、硝酸镍制成的掺杂铁镍离子的安全性复合炸药,爆轰合成了碳包覆纳米坡莫合金复合粒子。通过TEM、XRD、Raman光谱对纳米粒子进行了形貌、结构和成分分析表明,所合成纳米粒子呈球形核壳结构,粒径为40～60nm,中心为铁镍合金核,外包覆层为石墨层与无定形碳。为检验所合成的碳包覆坡莫合金粒子的电磁波吸收性能,将之与石蜡制成复合涂层,通过矢量网格分析仪,在2～18 GHz吸收频段对不同厚度复合涂层进行了电磁损耗能力测定。结果表明,当涂层厚度为2mm时,铁镍原子比1:4纳米粒子的吸波层出现了双吸收峰,峰值分别为-14.6dB (9.7 GHz)和-7.7 dB (14.3 GHz),-10 dB吸收频带范围为8.5～11.8 GHz;而铁镍原子比1:1纳米粒子的吸波层吸收波峰在12.88 GHz,峰值为-30,-10 dB的吸收频带范围为9.7～14.4 GHz,具有较宽吸收频带和优良的吸波性能。     

空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金及其吸波性能研究

采用化学镀法在平均粒径2 μm的空心微珠表面包覆了均匀完整的Ni-P非晶合金镀层,并对该材料进行了电磁性能和吸波性能测试.测试结果表明:空心微珠包覆Ni-P非晶合金镀层后矫顽力达到343.08Oe,属于电磁损耗型材料;以包覆后的空心微珠粉体为吸收荆制备吸波涂层,当涂层厚度为3 mm时,在4.32GHz达到最强吸收-20.81 dB,当涂层厚度为1.5 mm时,在8.56～10.08 GHz内出现了小于-10 dB的较宽吸收.     

Electrochemical properties of the MmNi3.55Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.4Fe0.35 compound

In this paper, the electrochemical properties of the MmNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 alloy used as a negative electrode in Ni–MH accumulators, have been investigated by different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that the discharge capacity reaches a maximum value of 260 mAh g⁻¹ after 12 cycles and then decreases to about 200 mAh g⁻¹ after 70 cycles. The value of the mean diffusion coefficient D_H, determined by cyclic voltammetry, is about 3.44 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹, whereas the charge transfer coefficient , determined by the same method, is about 0.5 which allows us to conclude that the electrochemical reaction is reversible. The hydrogen diffusion coefficients in this compound, corresponding to 10 and 100% of the charge state, determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are, respectively, equal to 4.15 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ ( phase) and 2.15 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ (β phase). These values are higher, for the phase and less, for the β phase, than the mean value determined by cyclic voltammetry. We assume that this is related to the number of interstitial sites susceptible to accept the hydrogen atom, which are more numerous in the phase than in the β phase. The chronoamperometry shows that the average size of the particles involved in the electrochemical reaction is about 12 μm.     

La_(0.6)Pr_(0.4)Fe_(11.4)Si_(1.6)B_(0.2)合金及其氢化物磁热性能研究

采用工业纯原料感应熔炼制备出公斤级La_(0.6)Pr_(0.4)Fe_(11.4)Si_(1.6)B_(0.2)合金,经退火后通过吸氢处理提高其居里温度到室温附近。研究了在1373~1473 K温度下经不同时间和温度退火对合金微观组织结构的影响。实验发现在1473 K经30 h退火样品的居里温度为202 K,在0~1.5 T变化磁场下的最大磁熵变达8.1~8.6 J/kg·K。在0.13 MPa氢气压力下,经553 K吸氢5 h氢化处理合金的居里温度为320 K,最大磁熵变达7.7~8.0 J/kg·K。     

CuO掺杂Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4铁氧体的组织与性能探讨

采用传统球磨法制备了Ni0.4-xCu_xZn0.6Fe₂O₄（x＝0，0.12，0.20，0.28）铁氧体，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X-ray衍射（XRD）、综合热分析（TG-DSC）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等手段研究掺杂CuO对Ni-Zn铁氧体的显微组织、相组成和磁性能。结果表明，随着CuO含量的增加，第二相Ni-Cu-Zn相生成，且 Ni-Cu-Zn铁氧体衍射峰强度逐渐增强；从显微组织形貌和能谱可以看出，Cu ^2＋参与了铁氧体的反应，CuO含量增加得越多，样品烧结性能越好，并促使Ni-Cu-Zn铁氧体的晶化温度降低；磁滞回线显示了Ni0.4-xCu_xZn0.6Fe₂O₄（x＝0，0.12，0.20，0.28）铁氧体的软磁特性，CuO原子分数x为0.2时的铁氧体的饱和磁化强度（Ms）最高，且具有较低的矫顽力（Hc）。     

加工对吸氢La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2合金磁热稳定性的影响研究

采用工业原料和感应熔炼法制备出La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2板锭,通过高温短时退火获得NaZn13型主相合金,进行氢化处理并研究了合金颗粒尺寸对吸氢处理后La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2氢化物磁热性能的影响。外形尺寸3-5 cm的大尺寸样品在吸氢后出现严重粉化,呈层片状剥离的破碎状态,但心部仍保持完整块状。外形尺寸小于1 cm的小尺寸样品吸氢后形状保持完好。La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2合金存在吸氢粉化临界尺寸。采用外形尺寸小于1 cm的样品吸氢能够防止合金氢化粉化现象发生,有利于铸造样品直接吸氢获得一定尺寸和几何形状的块状La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2Hx样品。     

La2/3Ca1/3MnO3∶Ag0.4与La2/3Ba1/3MnO3∶Ag0.4的制备及其性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成制备了Ag掺杂摩尔百分比为0.4的La2/3Ca1/3MnO3∶Ag0.4 (LCMO∶Ag0.4)、La2/3Ba1/3MnO3∶Ag0.4(LBMO∶Ag0.4)多晶复合材料,通过XRD和R-T分别对两种材料的结构和性能进行测试分析.实验结果表明:所得样品均为正交晶系钙钛矿结构;LCMO∶Ag0.4的金属-绝缘转变温度(Tp=280.2 K)比LBMO∶Ag0.4要高(Tp=256.8 K);LCMO:Ag0.4样品的电阻值比LBMO∶Ag0.4要小两个数量级;LCMO∶Ag0.4的TCR最大值为28％,要远远高于LBMO∶Ag0.4的TCR最大值(0.5％).     

BN0.5O0.4C0.1: Carbon- and oxygen-substituted hexagonal BN

Hexagonal boron nitride (hex BN) containing significant amounts of C and O substituting for N (hex BCNO) was synthesized at 75 kbar and 1700°C from mixtures of C, B₂O₃, and amorphous B contained in a hex BN crucible. Hex BCNO is a minor constituent of the product and occurs as small, <30 nm diameter, rounded pseudohexagonal particles adhering to materials with the α-rhombohedral B structure. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy with a transmission electron microscope was used to quantify their elemental ratios. Up to 50% of the N in hex BN is replaced by C and O, e.g., BN_0.49O_0.38C_0.11. The electron energy-loss near-edge fine structure of the core-loss edges was used to elucidate the possible structures of hex BCNO. The core-loss edges of B, C, N, and O exhibit orientation-dependent intensity changes, which indicates that they occupy similar anisotropic bonding sites in graphite-like BCNO layers. For a composition of BN_0.5O_0.4C_0.1, regions with B–N₃, B–N₂O, and B–NO₂ units predominate. In addition, some grains have significant quantities of B–O₃ and B–C₃ units. Boron–boron bonding is either absent or infrequent.     

Growth and annealing properties of Mg0.4Al2.4O4 crystal

Mg_0.4Al_2.4O₄ single crystals with good optical quality were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The transmission spectrum indicated that the absorption edge of the crystal was at 220 nm, while no apparent absorption peaks were found. The X-ray diffraction and DSC curve analysis showed that Mg_0.4Al_2.4O₄ crystal was stable at room temperature. While after annealing in the air and hydrogen atmosphere at about 1200 °C, Mg_0.4Al_2.4O₄ decomposed into Al₂O₃ and (MgO)_0.4(Al₂O₃)_x (0.4 < x < 1.2). The reaction mainly occurred on the crystal surface, barely inside.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Effect of rapid quenching on the microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of La_（0.6）Ce_（0.4）Ni_（3.6）Co_（0.65）Mn_（0.4）Al_（0.2）Ti_（0.05_（FeB）_（0.1） hydrogen storage alloy

In order to improve the cycling stability of AB₅ type alloy electrodes, rapid quenching technology and new alloy composition design were employed. A hydrogen storage alloy with nominal composition La_0.6Ce_0.4Ni_3.6Co_0.65Mn_0.4Al_0.2Ti_0.05(FeB)_0.1 was prepared by vacuum magnetic levitation melting under high purity argon atmosphere, followed by rapid quenching at different cooling rates. XRD results show that all alloys exhibit the single-phase CaCu₅-type structure. Electrochemical tests indicate that rapid quenching can slightly improve the cycling life of the alloy. Nevertheless, the high-rate dischargeability of the quenched alloys is lower than that of the as-cast alloy.