基于双磁介质层复合的超材料低频吸波体研究

本研究将磁性吸波涂层融入至超材料的结构设计中,得到了一种新型低频复合超材料吸波体,吸波体由环形电阻膜、双层磁性吸波涂层和金属背板组成。采用CST仿真软件计算了超材料吸波体的吸收性能,研究了吸波体各个结构参数对吸收性能的影响。仿真结果表明,设计的超材料吸波体厚度为2.5 mm时,在1.9和4 GHz处存在2个吸收峰,在1.59～6.59GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-8dB,吸收带宽达到5GHz。通过吸波体电磁场分布对吸波机理进行了讨论。结果表明,吸波体低频吸收带宽的增加是由于表面的电阻膜图案改变了超材料吸波体的电场分布和磁场分布,促进了磁介质层的损耗。最后制备了吸波体样品并进行了反射率测试,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,说明设计制备的吸波体具有优异的低频吸波性能,吸波带宽相比磁性吸波涂层大幅提高。     

Ni0.4Zn0.2Mn0.4Ce0.06Fe1.94O4表面原位构筑纳米羰基铁的可控制备及吸波性能研究

采用MOCVD工艺在微米级Ni_0.4Zn_0.2Mn_0.4Ce_0.06Fe_1.94O₄(NZMCF)表面原位生长了纳米级羰基铁(CI)壳层,通过控制沉积温度,调控核壳形貌和吸波性能,得到了具有核壳结构的NZMCF -CI复合吸波剂,利用XRD、SEM、EDS及VNA等分析手段,重点研究了沉积温度对NZMCF -CI核壳粉体微观形貌、晶体结构、电磁参数及吸波性能的影响。结果表明：通过调节沉积温度,可以有效调控核壳粉体的形貌,进而调控吸波性能。沉积温度为220 ℃,NZMCF-CI核壳粉体具有最佳的形貌及吸波性能。利用测得的同轴环样品的电磁参数,计算出NZMCF -CI涂层在厚度为1.8 mm时,反射率最小值为-39.9 dB,小于-10 dB的吸波带宽为14.2 GHz(3.8~18 GHz)。涂层厚度为0.8~2.6mm时,在3.2~ 18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-20 dB,在2.5~18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-10 dB。仅需要调整厚度,即可以实现2~18 GHz内良好的吸波效果。     

CoCrNiAlY涂层制备工艺对组织形态及高温氧化行为的影响

为了研究CoCrNiAlY涂层微观组织结构对高温氧化行为和剥落行为的影响规律,采用激光熔覆技术和等离子喷涂工艺在718高温合金表面制备CoCrNiAlY涂层,观察其微观组织形态。利用XRD和SEM对1150 ℃高温氧化试验样品进行氧化层物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层中形成了胞状亚结构的等轴晶凝固组织,相对于等离子喷涂制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层结构更致密,具有更优异的抗高温氧化性能。在高温氧化过程中,等离子喷涂CoCrNiAlY涂层生成了以Cr₂O₃结构为主的复合氧化膜。激光熔覆CoCrNiAlY涂层生成Al₂O₃结构的单一氧化膜,而且熔覆层中原位形成的Y₂O₃钉扎作用能有效提高氧化膜的抗剥落性。文中系统分析讨论了两种不同工艺制备的组织形态对高温氧化膜形成机制的影响,激光熔覆涂层在高温下主要是以界面扩散方式形成致密的Al₂O₃膜,等离子喷涂涂层在高温下以界面反应的方式快速形成Cr₂O₃复合氧化膜。     

γ-TiAl合金表面Al2O3/Al复合涂层的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术于γ-TiAl合金表面制备Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层。在850 °C下、 100 wt.% Na₂SO₄熔盐中观测Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层具备由Al₂O₃表层、富Al中间层以及互扩散层组成的梯度结构,因而有效地提高了基体γ-TiAl合金的抗高温腐蚀性能。在腐蚀实验后,涂层试样表面相结构为Al₂O₃,TiO₂和TiAl₃。致密的Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层有效地抑制了O_2-,S_-和Na₊对基体γ-TiAl合金的侵蚀。并且,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的梯度结构亦使其表现出了优异的抗开裂和抗剥落性能。     

FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂复合材料界面设计及其吸波性能

针对FeCuNbSiB非晶带材与环氧树脂基体不浸润的难题,本文通过表面化学改性,在FeCuNbSiB非晶带材两面分别生成一层厚度5μm~10μm、相结构为Cu_0.75Fe_2.25O₄和Fe₃O₄的界面层。界面层与带材结合强度高,与环氧树脂浸润性好;以FeCuNbSiB非晶带材为增强材料,同时按FSS网络设计的FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂铺层在13-18GHz频带出现R=-5dB~-10dB的吸收峰。增加铺层数,吸收峰值不变,但吸收峰频带往低频率方向移动。利用此特性可以修正其它复合材料的雷达波吸波特性,拓宽吸收频带,增加吸波性能。     

Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al2O3-Cr2O3 Coatings with Different Contents of Cr2O3EI北大核心CSCD

Cr₂O₃对 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层与高硬度陶瓷接触时的摩擦磨损行为及磨损机制的影响尚未揭示。采用大气等离子喷涂的方法制备 Cr₂O₃含量不同的 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层以研究 Cr₂O₃的影响机制。试验结果表明：Cr₂O₃明显减少了涂层的微观孔隙;复合涂层中 α-Al₂O₃ / γ-Al₂O₃的相对含量比明显高于 Al₂O₃ 层中的 37%;Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃涂层的硬度与 Al₂O₃涂层相比提高了 48%,断裂韧性是 Al₂O₃涂层的 2 倍多;当载荷为 5 N、10 N 和 15 N 时,Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率依次降低 60%、85% 和 79%。但是当载荷为 20 N 时,Al₂O₃-20%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率降低了 50%。微观脆性断裂是涂层的主要磨损机制。复合涂层耐滑动磨损性能与 Cr₂O₃含量及磨损条件是密切相关的。微观结构、硬度、断裂韧性、导热系数等是影响 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ 复合涂层耐磨损性能的重要因素。研究结果可为高耐磨性 Al₂O₃基涂层的设计和应用提供指导。     

AISI430铁素体不锈钢表面制备MnCo2O4涂层特性及内应力研究

为了探究MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层作为固体氧化物燃料电池的金属连接体表面涂层的性能,使用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纯净的前驱体粉末,再使用电泳沉积方法制备出致密的MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层,利用SEM、EDS和XRD等表征手段观察分析MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层的相结构和微观组织形貌。采用“四探针法”测量MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层800℃氧化200h前后的面比电阻使用拉拔法完成不同界面粗糙度下的涂层结合强度测试,并用有限元仿真加以验证。结果显示,MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层结构均匀,致密度较好。相较于AISI430不锈钢基体来说,在800℃空气中氧化200h,抗氧化性提高了接近3倍。且中温面比电阻小于SOFC金属连接体规定的极限值。此外,基体表面粗糙度可以有效的增加涂层与基体的机械咬合作用,但同时也会导致应力集中,出现缺陷,从而降低了结合强度。     

粉末包埋渗铝与气氛渗铝对P92钢650℃饱和蒸汽氧化行为的影响

表面渗铝技术可以在不改变基体材料力学性能的基础上显著提高基体的抗高温蒸汽氧化性能。 利用低温粉末包埋和气氛渗铝两种方法在 P92 钢表面制备了铝化物涂层,并结合氧化增重法、扫描电镜观察及 XRD 分析,研究了两种工艺下铝化物涂层的 650 ℃饱和蒸汽氧化行为。 结果表明:P92 钢抗氧化能力不足,生成了由外层疏松层瘤状富铁氧化物与表面氧化膜下方内氧化物 FeCr₂O₄ 组成的双层结构氧化膜,外层富铁氧化膜在氧化 300 h 后发生剥落;低温包埋渗铝所得涂层为 β-FeAl 层,氧化 500 h 后试样表面形成极薄的保护性 α-Al₂O₃ 氧化膜(<0. 2 μm);气氛渗铝涂层为单层 Fe₃Al 结构,氧化 500 h 后试样外表面形成了 Fe₃O₄₊Fe₂O₃ 氧化膜,厚度为 1. 3 μm,靠近涂层表面生成单层连续 Al₂O₃ 氧化膜。 采用低温包埋和气氛渗铝均可提升 P92 钢的抗蒸汽氧化能力。     

羰基铁粉复合多孔吸波涂层的优化设计

目的 解决吸波剂羰基铁粉颗粒(CIP)构成的吸波涂层存在密度较大、涂层厚度过大的问题.方法 利用三维多孔结构降低复合吸波涂层的密度并改善阻抗失配,从而构筑轻质宽频羰基铁粉复合吸波涂层.利用有限元分析软件建立了羰基铁粉/石蜡复合多孔吸波涂层的仿真模型,通过仿真研究了三维多孔结构的孔隙率、孔径和孔隙分布方式对复合吸波涂层性能(最小反射损耗、有效吸收带宽、峰值吸收频率和密度)的影响规律,揭示了羰基铁粉多孔结构的吸波机理,并确定了具有最佳综合性能的羰基铁粉三维多孔复合吸波涂层的结构参数.结果 随着孔隙率的增加,涂层密度减小且峰值吸收频率向高频移动;而随着孔径的减小,涂层除峰值吸收频率向高频移动外,最小反射损耗和有效吸收带宽分别呈减低和增加的趋势,吸波性能得到有效改善.孔隙分布方面,在随机、有序、梯度递减和梯度递增4种分布方式中,梯度递减分布表现出最佳的吸波性能.相较于无孔结构,羰基铁粉质量分数为75％、孔隙率为16％、孔径为0.325 mm、孔隙呈梯度递减分布的三维多孔涂层,其有效吸收带宽(RL<–10 dB)拓展了49.3％(从4.10 GHz增加到6.12 GHz),密度降低了4％(从2.71 g/cm3降低到2.6 g/cm3),而最小反射损耗仅仅损失0.7％.结论 多孔结构的引入可以实现羰基铁粉涂层轻质、宽频吸波的目的.     

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3热障涂层的制备及抗热震性能研究

本文以BaCO₃、MgO、Ta₂O₅为原料,采用固相反应法合成了Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃(简称BMT)陶瓷粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了BMT/YSZ双层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和金相显微镜检测了BMT粉体及涂层的物相组成和显微结构。采用水淬法考核了涂层的抗热震性能。结果表明：1450℃下煅烧4h可合成出具有复合钙钛矿结构的BMT粉末,粉末具有良好的高温相结构稳定性。等离子喷涂制备的BMT/YSZ涂层组织致密,涂层系统中各界面结合紧密。涂层在室温至1150℃间热震9次后发生片状剥落,剥落位置位于BMT层间,BMT材料低的断裂韧性和第二相Ba₃Ta₅O₁₅的存在是导致涂层失效的主要原因。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis