溶解氧对X70管线钢在高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性的影响

采用动电位极化、恒电位极化曲线测试法研究了X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学行为,分析了供氧状况和扫描速度等因素对极化曲线的影响。采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在不同供氧状况的溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在通高纯氮气和不通气溶液中的动电位极化曲线形状相似,但是在通压缩空气的溶液中的动电位极化曲线出现三个零电流电位,分别位于活化区、活化-钝化过渡区和钝化区;不同供氧状况下SCC敏感电位范围不同。     

X70管线钢在近中性及高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性

采用动电位极化曲线测试法研究了温度、通气条件和pH值对X70管线钢在NS4溶液和0.5 mol/LNa2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学极化行为的影响,并用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在这些溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在NS4溶液中不出现活化—钝化转变区,随外加电位负移,SCC敏感性增加,表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征;在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3高pH值溶液中出现活化—钝化转变区,在阴极极化区,也表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征,但在阳极极化区,发生的是阳极溶解型应力腐蚀破裂(ADSCC)。     

X70管线钢在HCO-3/CO2-3体系中表面膜性能研究

采用动电位扫描和交流阻抗方法研究了X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3+1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的阳极极化过程中的电化学行为,通过XPS和SEM对表面膜的组成和形貌进行了分析.结果表明，X70管线钢在阳极极化过程中分别于-600 mV和-350 mV电位处出现2个阳极电流峰；-600 mV时电极表面的反应阻力较小，表面膜主要由FeCO3、Fe2(OH)2CO3和FeOOH等化合物组成，表面膜上存在较多的微孔缺陷，处在一个不稳定状态，表面膜的保护性能较差；-350 mV时电极表面的反应电阻较大, 表面膜主要由铁的氧化物Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成,表面膜具有较好的保护性能.       

X70管线钢在HCO3-/CO2-3体系中表面膜性能研究

采用动电位扫描和交流阻抗方法研究了X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3+1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的阳极极化过程中的电化学行为,通过XPS和SEM对表面膜的组成和形貌进行了分析.结果表明,X70管线钢在阳极极化过程中分别于-600mV和-350 mV电位处出现2个阳极电流峰;-600mV时电极表面的反应阻力较小,表面膜主要由FeCO3、Fe2(OH)2CO3和FeOOH等化合物组成,表面膜上存在较多的微孔缺陷,处在一个不稳定状态,表面膜的保护性能较差;-350 mV时电极表面的反应电阻较大,表面膜主要由铁的氧化物Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成,表面膜具有较好的保护性能.     

CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF X70 PIPELINE STEEL IN SIMULATED KUERLE SOIL SOLUTION WITH CO2

采用动电位扫描、交流阻抗电化学方法和慢应变速率拉伸实验(SSRT)研究了CO2对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响, 并利用扫描电镜分析了不同CO2分压下的断面形貌. 结果表明: CO2能够与腐蚀膜FeCO3反应, 生成可溶性Fe的络合物 Fe(CO3)2 2-, 加速X70管线钢腐蚀; CO2与H2O形成H2CO3和HCO3-, 为阴极反应提供H+. X70管线钢在含 CO2溶液中的SCC机理为氢脆--阳极溶解协同机理, 且随CO2 分压的增加, 氢脆作用增大.     

电极电位和温度对X70钢在高pH值模拟土壤环境中应力腐蚀破裂的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)方法研究了温度(30~65℃范围)和电极电位(-1500~-200 mV(SCE)范围)对X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3的高pH模拟土壤溶液中应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)行为的影响。结果表明:在阳极极化区,温度对该钢的SCC敏感性影响不大,在阴极极化区,SCC敏感性随温度升高而下降;在所研究的电位区间,SCC敏感性随着电极电位的降低而增大;SCC机理分析表明,当电位E>EH(溶液中H /H2的平衡电位)时,应该是阳极溶解占主导,而当E≤EH时,氢致破裂占主导。     

X70管线钢在含CO2库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用动电位扫描、交流阻抗电化学方法和慢应变速率拉伸实验（SSRT）研究了CO2对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜分析了不同CO2分压下的断面形貌．结果表明：CO2能够与腐蚀膜FeCO3反应,生成可溶性Fe的络合物Fe（CO3）2^2-,加速X70管线钢腐蚀;CO2与H2O形成H2CO3和HCO3^-,为阴极反应提供H^＋．X70管线钢在含CO2溶液中的SCC机理为氢脆一阳极溶解协同机理,且随CO2分压的增加,氢脆作用增大．     

X80管线钢在0．5mol／L NaHCO3＋0．02mol／L NaCl溶液中的点腐蚀性能

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗法研究了X80和X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3 0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并通过电容测量方法对其腐蚀机理进行了探讨.结果表明:在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3 0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液中,X80管线钢的点腐蚀电位Epit比X70钢的要正一些,发生点腐蚀的倾向性更小.Mott-Sehottky分析表明:X80比X70管线钢表面钝化膜内的施主密度更低,缺陷数量更少,从而减少了点腐蚀萌生的潜在位置,使X80钢比X70钢具有更好的耐点蚀性能.     

环境溶液对管道钢应力腐蚀过程电化学行为的影响

用快慢扫描极化测量等方法研究X70钢和16Mn钢在Na2CO3／NaHCO3溶液中电化学行为．分析溶液中NaHCO3浓度、pH、供氧状况及扫描速度等因素对极化曲线影响，并研究其钝化过程的各种电极反应．结果表明，管道钢在高浓度Na2CO3／NaHCO3溶液中阳极极化曲线含两个阳极峰和中间过渡区．较负的第一阳极峰电位和较大的峰电流有利SCC发生，而它们和较高HCO3^-浓度、适中pH范围(室温下6．7～11)和供氧不足的溶液环境相联系．     

CO32--HCO3-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3 溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区.在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低.试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂.应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释.     

酸性土壤环境中剥离涂层下X80钢应力腐蚀行为及机理

目的研究酸性土壤环境中剥离涂层下X80管线钢应力腐蚀行为及机理。方法采用电化学极化曲线测试、慢应变速率拉伸试验和腐蚀形貌扫描电子显微镜观察,对服役于鹰潭土壤环境的X80管线钢在剥离涂层下滞留液中的应力腐蚀行为及机理进行了分析研究。结果 X80管线钢在剥离涂层下的滞留液中具有一定的SCC敏感性,应力腐蚀开裂类型属于TGSCC,敏感性较大位置为近漏点处、剥离区中下部及剥离区底部,且近漏点处滞留液体系中X80钢的SCC机理受阳极溶解(AD)机制控制,剥离区底部滞留液中SCC机理受阳极溶解+氢脆(AD+HE)的混合机制控制。结论服役于酸性土壤中的X80管线钢在外防腐涂层破损后,除开放破损处将发生腐蚀外,剥离涂层下的管线钢还会存在一定的应力腐蚀敏感性。     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

Effect of AC on stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel in carbonate/bicarbonate solution

The influence of various AC current densities on stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in carbonate/bicarbonate solution by polarization curves and slow strain rate tensile tests. With the increasing AC current density, the SCC susceptibility of the steel increases, especially at high AC current density. A significant difference in the SCC behavior and mechanism is found for the steels with or without AC application. In the absence of AC, the fracture mode is intergranular and the mechanism is attributed to anodic dissolution. Under AC application, the cracks propagation is transgranular, and the mechanism is mixed controlled by both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement.     

Relationship between electrochemical characteristics and SCC of X70 pipeline steel in an acidic soil simulated solution

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X70 pipeline steel in simulated solution of the acidic soil in Yingtan in China was investigated using slow strain rate test (SSRT), SEM and potentiodynamic polarization technique. Experiment results indicate that X70 steel is highly susceptible to SCC as applied potential reduces, which is manifested in loss of toughness and brittle fracture. Constant polarization current can detect the occurrence of SCC. The lower the polarization current is the sooner stress corrosion cracking occurs. The SCC mechanisms are different at varying potentials. When potential is higher than open circuit potential, anodic process controls SCC, whereas when potential is far lower than open circuit potential, cathodic process controls SCC, and between these two potential regions, a combined electrochemical process controls the SCC. Stress or strain has a synergistic effect with electrochemical reactions to accelerate the cathodic hydrogen evolution process, which makes the X70 pipeline steel to be more susceptible to SCC.     

X100管线钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢拉伸(SSRT)、动电位极化和SEM观察等方法,研究了在不同的阴极保护电位条件下X100钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,X100钢发生穿晶裂纹的应力腐蚀,裂纹的萌生和发展与阴极保护电位有关.完全阳极过程控制时,X100钢无裂纹出现,但出现晶间腐蚀;在混合过程控制时,应力腐蚀敏感性较低,裂纹发展缓慢;在完全阴极过程控制时,氢脆机制起主要作用,裂纹扩展迅速.     

Effects of Cathodic Potential, Bicarbonate, and Chloride Ions on SCC of X70 Pipeline Steel

This is an investigation on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 pipeline steel in high pH carbonate-bicarbonate solutions with different concentrations of bicarbonate and chloride ions and at cathodic potential of ?1100 mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) using slow strain rate testing. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in solutions with different concentrations. X70 pipeline steel fracture surface morphology in these different solutions was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggested that the susceptibility to SCC for X70 pipeline steel decreased in the most dilute carbonate-bicarbonate solution in the absence of the chloride ion. Also, at potential of ?1100 mV versus SCE, all fracture surfaces showed semi-brittle behavior with transgranular cracks.     

Stress corrosion cracking study of microalloyed pipeline steels in dilute NaHCO3 solutions

Studies were carried out to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of a X-70 microalloyed pipeline steel, with different microstructures by using the slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique at 50 °C, in NaHCO₃ solutions. Both anodic and cathodic potentials were applied. Additionally, experiments using the SSRT technique but with pre-charged hydrogen samples and potentiodynamic polarization curves at different sweep rates were also carried out to elucidate hydrogen effects. The results showed that the different microstructures in conjunction with the anodic applied potentials shift the cracking susceptibility of the steel. In diluted NaHCO₃ solutions cathodic potentials close to their rest potential values decreased the SCC susceptibility regardless the microstructure, whereas higher cathodic potentials promote SCC in all steel conditions. Certain microstructures are more susceptible to present anodic dissolution corrosion mechanism. Meanwhile concentrated solution did not promotes brittle fracture.