钛基钛锡钌锰纳米涂层的制备

采用热分解法制备了不同温度和元素含量配比的电解二氧化锰Ti/TiSnRuMn阳极纳米涂层.用XRD和SEM分析涂层的成分、结构和形貌,用循环伏安曲线和电位曲线评价涂层的电催化性能和使用寿命.结果表明,制备的涂层为均匀、单一的金红石固熔体结构.温度为500℃时,涂层表面裂纹最多,电催化性能最好;提高Ru与Ti以及Sn与Mn的含量比,涂层的表面裂纹逐渐减少.添加Mn能提高涂层的电催化性能,但改变Sn与Mn的含量比,涂层电催化性能变化不明显;而当Ti∶Ru＝2∶3时,涂层电催化性能最好,涂层的加速电解时间为870min.     

稀土Ce对涂层阳极电催化性能的影响

在涂层阳极中掺入稀土Ce对电催化性能的影响报道较少.利用热分解方法在不同温度下制备了不同摩尔分数Ce的三元涂层Ru0.3Ti(0.7～x)CexO2,通过极化曲线测试、交流阻抗谱测试、扫描电镜观察,研究了所制备涂层的电催化活性.结果表明:Ce的掺入量有一个最佳范围,摩尔分数为0.2～0.3时涂层阳极电催化性能最好;适当的热分解温度有利于含Ce涂层阳极性能的提高,最佳温度为450℃;在阳极涂层中引入Ce可以提高其电催化活性.     

含硅钛阳极的制备及其电催化性能研究

为了研究硅组元对RuO2/Ti阳极电催化活性的影响,采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)制备了不同成分配比的RuO2-SiO2/Ti阳极,通过电极的析氯电位、析氧电位测试以及循环伏安性能测试,研究了所制备涂层的电催化活性.测试结果表明,在涂层阳极中引入Si可以提高涂层阳极的电催化性能,且Si引入的最佳值为0.1,0.3(摩尔分数).Ru-Si涂层阳极电催化性能提高的原因在于Si的引入可以增加涂层的活性表面积.     

Ru-Ti-Ir-Sn氧化物涂层阳极的研究

采用热分解法制备了不同组分的Ru Ti Ir Sn氧化物涂层阳极 ,从涂层的电化学性能测试和物理性能分析得出 :添加Ir、Sn氧化物 ,虽然提高了电极的耐氧腐蚀 ,但降低了电极的析氯催化活性 ,阳极涂层表面形貌疏松 ,涂层中含有较多的TiO2 (A)相和α Ti相 ,是导致阳极析氯电位升高的主要原因     

稀土La掺杂对Ru-La-Ti涂层阳极电催化性能的影响

利用热分解方法在不同温度下制备了不同摩尔分数La的三元涂层Ru0.3Ti(0.7～x)LaxO2,通过极化曲线测试和交流阻抗谱测试研究了所制备涂层的电催化活性,并用扫描电镜对涂层表面形貌进行了观察.测试结果表明,在涂层中引入La可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性.La的掺杂量有一个最佳比,摩尔分数为0.5时电催化性最好;适当的热分解温度有利于La涂层阳极性能的提高,最佳温度为450℃.     

含Pd-PdO纳米涂层钛阳极的电催化活性研究

从提高钛阳极在析氯环境的电催化活性出发,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级Pd-PdO/Ti涂层钛阳极。采用XRD分析了涂层的成分及相结构,测试不同烧结温度获得的阳极的电极电位和循环伏安曲线。研究结果表明,Pd-PdO/Ti涂层钛阳极具有极高的析氯电催化活性。     

钛基Ru-La-Ti涂层阳极的电催化性能

利用热分解法制备了不同La含量的钛基Ru-La-Ti涂层阳极，并研究了所制备涂层的电催化性能。结果表明，在Ru-Ti涂层阳极中掺杂稀土元素La可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性，且La的掺杂量存在一个最佳范围(La的摩尔分数O．2)。涂层阳极电催化活性提高的原因在于La的引入可以提高涂层的有效活性表面积。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ru15Ir15SnxTi70-x/Ti氧化物涂层阳极及其性能研究

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ru15Ir15SnxTi70-x/Ti氧化物涂层阳极。强化寿命实验、SEM、电子探针、XRD、极化曲线、电流效率和循环伏安等实验表明,制备的电极涂层元素分布均匀,加入Sn元素后电极的析氯和析氧电位都有所提高,继续保持了较大的氧氯电位差和较高电流效率,在Sn含量为20%,60%和70%时,电极的寿命显著提高,Sn含量为20%的电极在淡海水中仍保持了较高的电流效率,是一种可以应用于淡海水中的电极。     

含Mn中间层钛基二氧化锡电催化电极的性能

采用高温热氧化方法制备了含Mn中间层的钛基二氧化锡电催化电极Ti/Mn/SnO2.采用SEM、EDX以及XPS等检测方法对电极表面涂层的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态进行了分析,研究了所制备Ti/Mn/SnO2电极电催化氧化降解苯酚的性能.结果表明,Mn中间层的引入降低了电极对苯酚的电催化降解活性,使电极的使用稳定性大为提高.含Mn中间层的存在,可防止电化学反应过程中析出的氧向基体的扩散,离子对Mn2 /Mn4 与Sn2 /Sn4 的存在改变了SnO2电极表面催化剂的组成和结构,导致电极性能变化.     

MMO阳极失效机理的研究

采用SEM、EDX、XRD、析氯电位、电流效率、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法对某核电站过早失效的电解海水用MMO阳极与完好阳极进行了对比研究。结果表明,失效后MMO涂层固溶体结构几乎完全消失,MMO涂层中活性物质RuI、r含量减少,强化电解寿命和析氯电催化活性降低,MMO涂层电阻增大。证实了电解海水用MMO阳极过早失效的主要机理是由涂层中有效元素的丧失所致。     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Surface-charge density and potential of coal-liquid mixtures and control of their stability and fluidity

The preparation conditions of concentrated (>70%) aqueous suspensions of coal were optimized, as were the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal-water suspensions. The theoretical study showed that (1–3) or (2–3) electrolytes such as Na₂SO₄ or Na₅P₃O₁₀, greatly increase the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal particles in water. This study has led to the interesting result that thinners and stabilizing agents of concentrated clay suspensions, such as lignosulphonates, tripolyphosphates, polynaphtalene sulphonates, etc., must also be good thinners and stabilizing agents for ground coal-water suspensions. Two parameters were controlled: the stability and the fluidity of the suspensions. A penetrometry technique revealed the importance of the resistance coefficient,C _r that can be used as a criterion for the evaluation of coal-water mixture stability and fluidity. Concentrated coal suspensions (about 75% of solid by weight) were prepared in water by using different additives, for instance sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) and surfactants like lignosulphonates (by coupling of the dispersion and stabilizing effects) with the optimum concentration ratio of these two products equal to 1.9. The stability of the suspensions was then greater than 2 months and the viscosity was 1900 cP.     

SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.