溶胶-凝胶法制备Ru15Ir15SnxTi70-x/Ti氧化物涂层阳极及其性能研究

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ru15Ir15SnxTi70-x/Ti氧化物涂层阳极。强化寿命实验、SEM、电子探针、XRD、极化曲线、电流效率和循环伏安等实验表明,制备的电极涂层元素分布均匀,加入Sn元素后电极的析氯和析氧电位都有所提高,继续保持了较大的氧氯电位差和较高电流效率,在Sn含量为20%,60%和70%时,电极的寿命显著提高,Sn含量为20%的电极在淡海水中仍保持了较高的电流效率,是一种可以应用于淡海水中的电极。     

Ir、Sn对钴系尖晶石结构涂层阳极的影响

利用热分解方法在钛基体上制备了不同组成的Ti/RuTiCoOx尖晶石结构涂层阳极,通过掺杂第四组元Ir或Sn以提高其各项性能.通过极化曲线、循环伏安曲线测试研究了添加Ir或Sn的尖晶石结构涂层的电催化活性,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面结构和形貌进行了分析比较.结果表明,在三元涂层中引入Ir、Sn元素可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性,加入Ir元素后,阳极涂层具有较低的析氯电位,阳极使用寿命较长.     

含Pd-PdO纳米涂层钛阳极的电催化活性研究

从提高钛阳极在析氯环境的电催化活性出发,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级Pd-PdO/Ti涂层钛阳极。采用XRD分析了涂层的成分及相结构,测试不同烧结温度获得的阳极的电极电位和循环伏安曲线。研究结果表明,Pd-PdO/Ti涂层钛阳极具有极高的析氯电催化活性。     

TiB2基RuO2+TiO2涂层的电催化性能

用磁控溅射法在钛基体表面溅射TiB2中间层,以此为基体用热分解法制备了(Ru,Ti)氧化物涂层钛电极,用SEM、XRD、电化学工作站等手段对样品的性能和结构进行了表征。结果表明,含TiB2中间层的钛阳极表面涂层具有非连续状裂纹结构,钛基体和氧化物涂层的界面呈现紧密结合的状态,其电催化析氯性能优于传统钛阳极。选用TiB2中间层作为催化电极的载体,可改善基体和氧化物涂层的结合,延缓涂层的脱落,可避免基体和涂层间生成TiO2电阻膜,延缓涂层的失效;加入TiB2中间层可降低内阻,改善电子的传输能力,降低析氯电位,提高电极的催化活性和节能降耗。     

船舶压载水处理用Ti/IrO_2-Ta_2O_5-SnO_2-Sb_2O_5氧化物阳极的性能

为使船舶压载水处理系统适应低温与低盐海水的使用工况,采用热分解法在TA2钛板上制备Ti/Ir O_2-Ta_2O_5-Sn O_2-Sb_2O_5氧化物阳极。运用循环伏安、析氯电位、电流效率、强化电解等方法及扫描电镜、能谱仪等分析手段对氧化物阳极的电化学性能和表面形貌进行分析,并与商用钌系阳极进行性能对比。结果表明:Ti/Ir O_2-Ta_2O_5-Sn O_2-Sb_2O_5阳极具有优良的析氯反应活性与稳定性,电流效率达88%,强化电解寿命达540 h,与商用钌系氧化物阳极相比,该阳极在低温与低盐海水中具有更高的析氯活性。     

有色金属电积用钛基氧化物涂层阳极的研究进展

综述了国内外钛基氧化物涂层阳极的研究进展及应用,包括有色金属电积用钛基贱金属氧化物涂层和贵金属氧化物涂层,其中,钛基贱金属氧化物涂层详细阐述了钛基Pb系氧化物涂层、钛基Co系氧化物涂层、钛基Mn系氧化物涂层以及钛基Sn系氧化物涂层电极;钛基贵金属氧化物涂层重点阐述了Ti/Ta_2O_5-IrO_2涂层和Ti/Ru O_2-TiO_2涂层电极。评述了多元化钛基涂层的性能、各种涂层的优势与不足。     

二组元（RuO2-TiO2）及三组元（RuO2-SnO2-TiO2）Ti阳极涂层的微观组织对其电化学性能的影响

通过热分解法制备了二组元（RuO₂-TiO₂）和三组元（RuO₂-SnO₂-TiO₂）Ti阳极涂层,并通过SEM、XRD以及电化学工作站对其结构及性能进行测试。结果表明：在烘干温度130 ℃,热氧化温度500 ℃,烧结时间15 min,退火时间1 h的条件下,所制备的三组元（RuO₂-SnO₂-TiO₂）Ti阳极涂层性能较为优异,析氯电位为1.128 V,析氧电位为1.674 V。在二组元（RuO₂-TiO₂）涂层中加入Sn组元,可以减少贵金属Ru的使用量,降低钛阳极涂层的成本;而且所形成的SnO₂可提高涂层表面的电催化活性,降低电极的析氯电位、析氧电位,延长电极的工作寿命。     

含硅钛阳极的制备及其电催化性能研究

为了研究硅组元对RuO2/Ti阳极电催化活性的影响,采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)制备了不同成分配比的RuO2-SiO2/Ti阳极,通过电极的析氯电位、析氧电位测试以及循环伏安性能测试,研究了所制备涂层的电催化活性.测试结果表明,在涂层阳极中引入Si可以提高涂层阳极的电催化性能,且Si引入的最佳值为0.1,0.3(摩尔分数).Ru-Si涂层阳极电催化性能提高的原因在于Si的引入可以增加涂层的活性表面积.     

Ti基DSA阳极在三价铬硫酸盐镀液中的电化学行为

为了获得满足三价铬硫酸盐镀液镀铬要求的阳极,采用热分解法制备了具有Pt-Ir-Ta-Sn氧化物涂层的Ti基DSA阳极,并研究了3种Ti基DSA阳极在三价铬硫酸盐镀液中的电化学行为.结果表明:具有Pt-Ir-Ta-Sn氧化物涂层的Ti基DSA阳极表面结构致密、稳定性好;在三价铬硫酸盐镀液中的析氧电位较低、对阳极析氧反应具有较好的催化活性;不发生Cr3 被氧化成Cr6 的反应;金属Ta-Sn氧化物的引入可以增加Ti基DSA阳极的活性表面面积,提高催化活性和增强其稳定性.     

Ir,Ta氧化物涂层钛阳极恶化原因的分析

Ir,Ta氧化物涂层钛阳极是公认的最优秀的析氧DSA(Dimensionally Stable Anode),其恶化原因有基体金属钝化、涂层损耗、涂层剥落、机械损坏、综合因素等,采取防钝化保护措施,防止钛阳极恶化取得了成效.     

热氧化温度对Ru_(0.15)Ir_(0.15)Ti_(0.7)/Ti电极性能的影响

应用刷涂-热氧化法,在不同热氧化温度(分别为400℃、440℃、470℃)下制备Ru、Ir、Ti三元金属氧化物电极。通过电化学性能、强化寿命以及电极形貌分析得出:440℃热氧化温度下制备的Ru0.15Ir0.15Ti0.7/Ti电极析氯电位低、催化活性强、强化寿命长;且该温度下的反应电阻也最小。     

RuO2-TiO2/Ti阳极的研究进展

钌系涂层钛阳极具有稳定性好、电催化活性高、环境友好等特点,在电解水、阴极保护以及电化学除垢等领域具有广泛的应用前景。其中,涂层中二氧化钌(RuO₂)的比例与存在形态是决定其电催化活性和稳定性的关键。在涂层钛阳极的制备中,热分解法因其操作简单、成本低、易工业化生产等优势而被广泛使用。介绍了目前在电解行业广泛应用的钌系涂层钛阳极——RuO₂-TiO₂/Ti阳极的应用领域,简述了RuO₂-TiO₂/Ti阳极中钌钛氧化物的特点和作用,并对RuO₂-TiO₂/Ti阳极的失效原因和制备工艺进行了阐述。主要综述了前处理、涂液组分比例、涂液浓度和烧结温度等工艺参数对通过热分解法制备的钛电极稳定性和电催化活性的影响,以及针对RuO₂-TiO₂/Ti阳极的失效原因提出钛阳极未来的改进方向,旨在促进本领域研究者更深入地了解钌钛阳极的特点、失效原因以及如何制备性能优良的涂层钛电极。     

Preparation of grape-like Bi2O3/Ti photoanode and its visible light activity

Compact and grape-like bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) coated titania (Ti) anode was prepared by oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) etching, electrodeposition and calcination in order to explore its photoelectrocatalytic activities. The Bi₂O₃ coating was demonstrated to be full of pores, and a good combination between Bi₂O₃ layer and honeycomb-like Ti substrate was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic morphology of Bi₂O₃ coating indicated that the electrode is stable during degradation. The Bi₂O₃/Ti electrode was used in oxidative degradation of Acid Orange 7 by electrolysis, photocatalytic oxidation and photoelectrocatalytic oxidation processes. The pseudo-first order kinetics parameter (K_app) of photoelectrocatalytic process was 1.15 times of the sum of electrolysis and photocatalytic oxidation under visible light irradiation at 420 nm. The results indicated that the synergy of electrolysis and photocatalysis lead to an excellent photoelectrocatalytic property of the Bi₂O₃/Ti electrode.     

Effect of the preparation methodology on some physical and electrochemical properties of Ti/Ir<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Sn<Subscript>(1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>)</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> materials

The aim of this work was to prepare electrodes based on the Ti/Ir _x Sn_(1−x)O₂ composition, as well as test their stability toward the chlorine evolution reaction (ClER). To this end, two different preparation routes were investigated: thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors (DPP) and standard decomposition using isopropanol as solvent (SD/ISO). A systematic investigation of the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the anodes with a nominal composition of Ti/Ir _x Sn_(1−x)O₂, prepared through the two different methodologies, was carried out. The oxide layer surface morphology, microstructure, and composition were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques prior to and after accelerated life tests. EDS analyses following total deactivation of the electrode gave evidence of a relatively large content of Ir in the coating. XRD results showed there was formation of solid solution between IrO₂ and SnO₂, and the degree of miscibility of these solutions is controlled by the preparation method. Thus, the DPP method led to phase separation and large interval of immiscibility between the oxides analyzed. On the other hand, the SD/ISO method led to formation of solid solution for all the investigated compositions. The SD/ISO method produced materials rich in Ir, so the electrode lifetime was much longer if compared with the DPP counterparts.     

Photocatalytic performance of Sn-doped TiO2 nanostructured mono and double layer thin films for Malachite Green dye degradation under UV and vis-lights

Nanostructure Sn(4+)-doped TiO(2) based mono and double layer thin films, contain 50% solid ratio of TiO(2) in coating have been prepared on glass surfaces by spin-coating technique. Their photocatalytic performances were tested for degradation of Malachite Green dye in solution under UV and vis irradiation. Sn(4+)-doped nano-TiO(2) particle a doping ratio of about 5[Sn(4+)/Ti(OBu(n))(4); mol/mol%] has been synthesized by hydrotermal process at 225 degrees C. The structure, surface and optical properties of the thin films and/or the particles have been investigated by XRD, BET and UV/vis/NIR techniques. The results showed that the double layer coated glass surfaces have a very high photocatalytic performance than the other one under UV and vis lights. The results also proved that the hydrothermally synthesized nano-TiO(2) particles are fully anatase crystalline form and are easily dispersed in water. The results also reveal that the coated surfaces have hydrophilic property.     

钌镧氧化物涂层析氯反应动力学比较研究

通过热分解法制备了Ti/RuO₂和Ti/Ru-La-O氧化物涂层, 利用微分电容和极化曲线等实验方法对涂层Clˉ特性吸附、La对RuO₂涂层析氯反应过程的影响及反应机理进行了研究。结果表明, 在NaCl溶液中, 涂层表面存在Clˉ的特性吸附, 这种特性吸附对析氯反应的动力学产生了影响, 导致Tafel斜率上升, 反应级数下降, 加入La使氧化钌涂层的过电位下降, 交换电流密度增大, 有利于析氯反应的进行。本文对涂层存在的两种可能反应机理进行了比较分析, 认为在中性NaCl溶液中析氯反应是由过程控制的。     

涂层成分对IrO2（5）TiO2（60）Co3O4（x）RuO2（35—x）／Ti阳极材料析氯…

用电化学和Ｘ射线衍射方法研究了氧化物涂层成分热分解法制备的ＩｒＯ２（５）ＴｉＯ２（６０）Ｃｏ３Ｏ４（ｘ）ＲｕＯ２（３５－ｘ）／Ｔｉ阳极材料析氯速率的影响．ｘ值为０－１３ｍ／ｏ时，氧化物涂层为单相金红石型固溶体，阳极析氯速率随ｘ值增加，ｘ值大于１３ｍ／ｏ时，涂层中出现尖晶石Ｃｏ３Ｏ４第二相，析氯速率随ｘ值下降。