工艺参数对燃烧合成硼粉的纯度和粒度的影响

以B2O3粉为原料,Mg粉为还原剂,采用燃烧合成法制备硼粉,研究了不同的工艺参数(反应物量、反应配比和压片压力)对燃烧合成制备的硼粉纯度和粒度的影响,并确定了最佳工艺参数。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱对产物进行分析,结果表明,反应物量为100g时产物粒度最小,硼元素的含量最高;反应配比(摩尔比)为1时粒度最小并且硼元素的含量最高;压片压力为5MPa时粒度最小,10MPa时硼元素的含量最高。     

NaCl加入量对自蔓延高温燃烧合成法大规模制备的超细二硼化钛粉体性能的影响

以TiO2、B2O3、Mg粉为原料,引入稀释剂NaCl,通过自蔓延高温燃烧合成法宏量制备了亚微米TiB2粉体,并对其进行了SEM(扫描电镜)、EDS(能谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)和粒度分析.用原子吸收光谱测定了浸出产物TiB2粉体中杂质Mg,O的含量.结果表明:稀释剂加入量对样品形貌、粒度、物相有明显影响.随着NaCl含量的增加,制备的TiB2粉体的平均颗粒尺寸从496nm降低到268nm.产物浸出前主要由MgO,NaCl,TiB2和少量Mg3B2O6组成;浸出后前两相消失,产物为TiB2和少量Mg3B2O6.当原料中NaCl加入量k=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0mol时,浸出产物中Mg3B2O6杂质含量极少,产品纯度均超过98％.稀释剂可以降低颗粒尺寸,提高产物纯度.采用此种自蔓延高温燃烧合成法可以大规模制备超细TiB2粉体.     

无机盐溶胶-凝胶法制备超细ZrB2-ZrC复合粉体

利用ZrO2-B2O3-C体系中碳热还原的基本原理,分别采用氧氯化锆、硼酸和酚醛树脂作为ZrO2,B2O3和C的来源,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出超细ZrB2-ZrC复合粉体.采用热分析仪,X射线衍射和透射电镜对前驱粉体煅烧中的热力学过程,复合粉体的物相以及粒径和形貌进行了分析和表征.结果表明,ZrB2、ZrC相在1300°C开始生成,1500°C煅烧1h后碳热还原反应基本完成.复合粉体的平均粒径在200nm左右,比表面积达87m2g-1,加入1.0wt%的聚乙二醇作为分散剂时,粉体的团聚现象得到很大的改善.     

溶剂提纯对硼粉表面性能影响的研究

为了提高硼系延期药的质量控制水平,分别研究了原料硼、储存硼及溶剂提纯硼的表面酸碱性、比表面积、X-射线衍射及其颗粒纯度等。结果表明:原料硼储存315 d后酸性杂质增多,XRD曲线中B2O3衍射峰显著增强,水悬浮液pH值略有降低,颗粒团聚加剧,比表面积由13.4 m2/g减至10.3 m2/g,氧化增重降低约7%。乙醇提纯后的硼粉比表面积增至16.2 m2/g,分散性提高,长期储存的硼粉经溶剂提纯后的XRD曲线中未观察到B2O3衍射峰,热氧化增重提高约12.0%~18.5%,硼粉纯度得到一定程度的提高。     

自蔓延冶金法制备TiB2、LaB6陶瓷微粉的研究

在分析和综述大量文献以及多年研究工作的基础上,针对硼化钛和六硼化镧在制备方面存在的问题,提出了自蔓延冶金制备陶瓷粉末的方法.首次系统地研究了自蔓延冶金法制备TiB2的各个环节(SHS、浸出和表征),获得了优质的TiB2微粉.TiB2微粉的平均粒径达0.41μm,比表面积5.685m2/g,晶格常数a＝3.033,c＝3.230.在粒径、比表面积和纯度等性能方面均优于文献报导值.粒度分析表明,通过改变初始条件(稀释剂MgO、TiB2,压坯压力),可以改变TiB2颗粒分布.考察了然烧模式和热爆模式两种自蔓延过程;分别研究了预热温度、压坯致密性(或孔隙度)和稀释剂对SHS燃烧波传播速度、燃烧温度的影响.并测量了热爆模式的起爆温度.建立了宏观分层的动态模型.利用SEM和微区分析技术对SHS产物形貌和显微结构进行了分析和研究.提出了TiB2微粒在氧化镁颗粒间隙和在氧化镁颗粒内部生长的两种机制,该机制能很好地解释粒度分布出现的不连续性.采用同样的方法成功地合成了LaB6微粉,为稀土硼化物的制备找到了一个简便易行的新方法.从热力学和动力学的不同的角度研究了TiO2+B2O3+Mg和La2O3-B2O3+Mg间的反应过程.并确定了相应反应的动力学参数.     

工艺条件对碳化稻壳镁热还原产物组成的影响

以同时含有碳源和硅源的稻壳制备碳化稻壳,采用镁热法还原其中的SiO2,借助XRD对还原产物进行分析,探讨了镁热还原工艺对产物组成的影响。结果表明:碳化稻壳中的SiO2在490℃可以发生镁热还原反应,当还原温度低于700℃时,还原产物是Si或Mg2Si;当还原温度超过700℃时,还原产物中形成SiC;当还原温度高于800℃时,产物中有Mg2SiO4生成。镁热还原温度在600~700℃之间时,通过控制Mg与碳化稻壳中的SiO2的质量配比,可以制备出Si/C复合材料。     

以钛精粉为载体由CO歧化反应制备纳米碳管

以攀枝花钛精粉为载体,使用大载荷热重分析仪,在H2和CO混合气中,研究了纳米碳管的制备工艺.利用热重分析(TG)、气相色谱分析(GC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对工艺过程中产物相组成及其微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明:攀枝花钛精粉在H2-CO气氛中,由于气基还原和析碳作用,其热重曲线首先随时间的延长而逐渐降低,达最低点后逐渐升高;生成纳米碳管的最佳工艺参数是钛精粉首先经过还原制备还原产物,其相主要由Fe和M3O5固溶体组成;随后在体积浓度80%的一氧化碳气氛中逐渐降温,温度达550℃时恒温2 h;制备的纳米碳管量约是原矿粉质量的3.5倍,直径小于100 nm、比表面积约151 m2/g;纳米碳管的产生是以铁为析碳基体,且还原产物中其他矿相有效阻止了铁颗粒的团聚,其生长是吸附-反应-产物扩散的过程.     

NaCl加入量对自蔓延高温燃烧合成法大规模制备的超细二硼化钛粉体性能的影响（英文）

以TiO2、B2O3、Mg粉为原料,引入稀释剂NaCl,通过自蔓延高温燃烧合成法宏量制备了亚微米TiB2粉体,并对其进行了SEM(扫描电镜)、EDS(能谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)和粒度分析。用原子吸收光谱测定了浸出产物TiB2粉体中杂质Mg,O的含量。结果表明:稀释剂加入量对样品形貌、粒度、物相有明显影响。随着NaCl含量的增加,制备的TiB2粉体的平均颗粒尺寸从496nm降低到268nm。产物浸出前主要由MgO,NaCl,TiB2和少量Mg3B2O6组成;浸出后前两相消失,产物为TiB2和少量Mg3B2O6。当原料中NaCl加入量k=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0mol时,浸出产物中Mg3B2O6杂质含量极少,产品纯度均超过98%。稀释剂可以降低颗粒尺寸,提高产物纯度。采用此种自蔓延高温燃烧合成法可以大规模制备超细TiB2粉体。     

熔盐镁热还原法合成ZrB2超细粉体

为了降低ZrB_2粉体的合成温度,并在此基础上合成粒径细小、纯度高的ZrB_2粉体,以ZrO2及B4C为原料,以Mg粉为还原剂,以NaCl-KCl为熔盐介质,研究熔盐镁热还原法低温合成ZrB_2超细粉体的工艺。探讨了反应温度、B/Zr物质的量比及Mg粉用量对合成ZrB_2超细粉体的影响,并对粉体的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征。结果表明合成ZrB_2的起始温度为1 173K,最佳合成温度为1 473K。合成纯相的ZrB_2粉体最佳工艺条件为:B/Zr物质的量比为2.2,Mg过量50%(质量分数),1 473K反应3h。所合成ZrB_2粉体的晶粒尺寸为30~300nm。     

双微乳液法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粉体的研究

现代诊断学的发展使得纳米级超顺磁性的Fe3O4粒子在医学领域具有重要应用价值.本实验采用双微乳液法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粉体.从反应物浓度、表面活性剂用量、油相用量及反应温度等方面讨论对产物粒径的影响,通过正交试验确定了制备纳米Fe3O4粉体的最佳工艺条件.对获得的粉体采用激光散射法粒度测试、XRD物相分析和粒径计算、原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)形貌观察、振动样品磁强计磁性测定等进行表征,结果表明制备的Fe3O4粉体平均粒径约为24nm、粒度分布均匀、分布带较窄且产物纯度高;该粉体具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度在66A·m2/kg左右.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.