一种新型含氟含芴聚芳醚酮质子交换膜的合成和表征

以双酚芴、十氟联苯和磺化二氟酮为单体,合成磺化含氟聚芴醚酮(Sulfonated-fluo-rinated fluorene-containing poly(arylene ether ketone)s,SFPEEK).SFPEEK可溶于极性有机溶剂,具有较高的黏度,易于浇铸形成柔韧透明的薄膜.用其制成的质子交换膜表现出良好的热稳定性和抗水解、抗氧化性能.在相同测试条件下,SFPEEK膜具有与杜邦公司Nation 117膜相当的质子电导率,同时,具有比Nafion 117更好的耐甲醇渗透性能.直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)单池测试表明,放电到0.2 V时,用SFPEEK膜制备的单池电流密度可达66 mA/cm2,电池性能优于相同条件下用Nafion117膜组装的单池(电流密度60 mA/cm2).     

IPMC人工肌肉的制备工艺研究与改进

研究了Nafion117质子交换膜的成膜过程与IPMC人工肌肉的制备过程.制备不同厚度的Nafion膜,在此基础上使用化学沉积法制备IPMC.制备主要分为前期预处理、主化学镀反应和次化学镀反应.由于在制备过程中膜表面产生气泡,需要高速搅拌,既要考虑到气泡快速溢出,又要使Nafion膜不与搅拌棒接触产生划痕,因此采用立式...     

高温质子交换膜燃料电池用Nafion／SiO2复合膜研究进展

传统的质子交换膜燃料电池在高温下工作时，质子膜会因温度升高而发生脱水和膜电阻升高的现象，这对提高燃料电池的工作性能是一个致命的阻碍．由于Nafion／SiO2复合膜具有较好的吸水和保水性能和较好的阻止甲醇渗透的能力，人们通过溶胶一凝胶法或重铸法合成了Nafion／SiO2复合膜，并于高温(80～140℃)下应用在质子交换膜燃料电池和直接甲醇燃料电池中．简单介绍了Nafion／SiO2复合膜的制备方法、结构性能及研究情况，并分析了存在的问题和其广阔的应用前景．     

纳米氧化物/Nafion复合膜的制备与性能表征

分别以SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3和ZnO等纳米氧化物为改性剂,采用流延法制得纳米氧化物/Nafion复合膜.XRD和ATR/FT-IR分析表明纳米氧化物在复合膜均匀分散,也没有发生团聚现象.对复合膜的质子传导和阻醇性能进行了测定,结果发现,纳米氧化物/Nafion复合膜具有较好的质子传导性能;阻醇性能均有较大幅度的提高,且以SiO2和TiO2改性的Nafion膜最为明显,甲醇透过系数分别从约10降低到约10-7和10-8数量级.这说明纳米氧化物/Nafion复合膜是一类较好的直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜材料.     

钯复合膜的制备与性能

用浸渍法与化学镀法制备了“Pd／SiO₂／陶瓷”复合膜,考察了制备方法对钯复合膜性能（选择性透氢性能和在常压下对甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应的催化活性）的影响．研究表明,“SiO₂／陶瓷”底膜的质量影响“Pd／SiO₂／陶瓷”复合膜的性能,在浸渍法与化学镀法制备钯表面膜的过程中,它们的成膜机理是不相同的．用同一“SiO₂／陶瓷”底膜,化学镀法制备的钯复合膜比浸渍法制备的膜具有更优异的性能．用浸渍法制备的钯膜在150℃可对H₂／N₂和H₂／甲醇混合气实行全分离．对于甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯的反应（100℃）,化学镀法制备的钯膜比浸渍法制备的钯膜具有较高的甲醇转化率和较低的甲酸甲酯选择性．用SEM、XRD测定了钯复合膜的形貌和结构,对两种方法制备的钯复合膜间的差异进行了讨论．     

聚酰亚胺表面钯微粒的制备及化学镀铜效果

为了在聚酰亚胺（PI）表面得到结合力良好的化学镀层,采用KOH溶液进行化学改性,在其表面制备金属钯微粒,然后进行化学镀铜。采用红外光谱仪（FTIR—ATR）,显微电子探针（EDS）表征聚酰亚胺表面结构及表面元素,用x射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征铜镀层性能。结果表明：聚酰亚胺表面在KOH溶液中发生水解,在氯化钯溶液中实现K＋和Pd2＋间的离子交换,形成吸附Pd2＋;Pd2＋被二甲氨基甲硼烷还原成钯原子,形成金属钯微粒;该钯微粒不仅能引发化学镀铜反应的发生,还能获得结合力良好的化学镀层。     

原位聚合法制备Nafion~/PANI复合膜及其在DMFC中的应用

用0.1mol/L(NH42)S2O8/1mol/L盐酸溶液作引发剂,采用原位化学聚合的方法将苯胺单体聚合在Nafion~112膜基体中.扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)测试结果表明,复合膜的表面和Nafion~112膜相比有明显变化,苯胺主要聚合在膜的两侧.复合膜的红外光谱中出现明显聚苯胺(PANI)的特征吸收峰说明,苯胺成功地聚合在Nafion~112膜中.完全湿润状态下复合膜的质子电导率和Nafion~112膜相比有少许下降.甲醇渗透性能测试表明,复合膜具有明显的阻醇作用,NF/PANI-2膜的甲醇渗透率值是1.83×10-6 cm2/s和Nafion~112膜相比降低了44%.相应地由NF/PANI-2膜组装的直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)开路电压值比Nafion~112膜的提高了7%,最大功率密度提高了30%.     

磺化聚醚醚酮/蒙脱土复合型质子交换膜制备与性能

以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为基体,以有机改性的蒙脱土(OMMT)为无机相,采用溶液插层法成功制备出了可望应用于直接甲醇燃料电池的SPEEK/OMMT复合型质子交换膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征了复合膜的微观结构,并采用交流阻抗和隔膜扩散方法分别考察了复合膜的质子传导性能和阻醇性能.结果表明,蒙脱土的片层间距超过4.4 nm,SPEEK高分子链已插层到蒙脱土片层之间.与纯SPEEK膜相比,SPEEK/OMMT复合膜的质子传导率有所降低,但在90℃也达到了1.2×10-2S/cm的水平,而且蒙脱土的加入明显地降低了SPEEK膜的甲醇渗透率.     

DMFC用磺化聚醚醚酮膜的制备及改性研究

用磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)替代传统的Nafion膜制备直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)用质子交换膜,能降低甲醇渗透率,提高质子导率,从而提高电池性能。介绍了SPEEK膜的制备方法及其缺点,综述了SPEEK膜有机和无机改性的方法,并提出了SPEEK膜多元改性的新设想。     

直接甲醇燃料电池高阻醇质子交换膜的研究进展

为降低甲醇的渗透,提高直接甲醇燃料电池的性能,许多研究者致力于低甲醇渗透质子交换膜的研究.每种膜都有优缺点,综述了改性Nation膜及其替代膜的研究现状,指出它们在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用前景.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.