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MXenes是一类通过选择性刻蚀MAX相材料制得的新型二维层状过渡金属碳化物和氮化物。由于其卓越的物理、电子和化学性能等,MXenes已经被广泛应用于电磁屏蔽、生物医药、能源储存、传感器和水净化等领域。同时MXenes及其复合材料由于其大比表面积、优异的导电性和稳定性等特点,可以有效提高贵金属催化剂的催化效率或直接作为一类非贵金属催化剂,被视为当前极具前途的一类燃料电池电催化剂或载体。本文详细介绍MXenes的结构、性质及其制备方法,综述MXenes及其复合材料在氧还原、甲酸氧化、甲醇氧化和乙醇氧化反应领域的最新应用研究成果,指出MXenes材料目前存在的主要问题(如难以制备分散均匀的多层MXenes薄片或少层甚至单层MXenes薄片,由于较高的表面能容易重新堆积等),提出制备更多的新型MXenes并将其与各类材料进行复合,促进MXenes及其复合材料在燃料电池领域的应用。 相似文献
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二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXenes)自2011年被首次报道以来,凭借其特殊的二维层状结构、优异的导电性和电化学性能在能源、催化、传感、电磁屏蔽和微波吸收等领域吸引了极大关注。近几年,随着对该材料认识的不断加深,其在光电领域的研究也不断深入。与其它领域不同,光电器件聚焦于延伸MXenes材料半导体性质,通过设计表面官能团、精准控制层数等来打开材料带隙,从而使其从金属性质转变为半导体性质。本文主要围绕MXenes材料的光电性质,介绍其在柔性光电子器件中的应用,系统阐述MXenes材料在透明电子器件、光电探测器、图像传感器、光电晶体管、人工神经视觉网络系统的应用前沿现状与趋势,并展望了MXenes基柔性光电器件面临的挑战以及未来发展前景。 相似文献
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压电聚合物聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯(P(VDF-TrFE))作为聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)典型的共聚物,具有优异的压电性能、机械性能及生物相容性。因此基于P(VDF-TrFE)静电纺压电网膜的柔性压电传感器与能量收集器在可穿戴电子设备、智能纺织品及医疗健康系统等领域有着广阔的前景,能够将触觉/压力、应变、声波甚至生理微振动等信号转换为电学信号或低功率的电能。本文旨在深入分析P(VDF-TrFE)压电性能的机制,总结各种提升静电纺P(VDF-TrFE)纳米纤维压电性的策略,全面概述P(VDF-TrFE)基柔性压电传感与能量收集方面的应用,特别是在压力与触觉传感、声传感、生物组织传感、生理微振动传感及能量收集等领域的研究进展。阐述了静电纺压电聚合物纳米纤维的新兴应用场景,并讨论了该领域目前的挑战和未来前景。 相似文献
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MXene是一种新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物。作为二维材料,MXene具有大的比表面积和丰富的表面官能团,表面容易吸附气体分子,且吸附的气体分子会影响材料的导电性能。因此,MXene可以用来作为新型气敏材料。从理论到实验的角度综述各种MXene(Ti3C2 MXene、V2C MXene、Mo2C MXene等)的气敏性能以及气敏应用,归纳不同MXenes对气体的响应特性,分析MXene的气敏机理,总结MXene作为气敏材料的优势和缺点,展望MXene在气体传感器领域的未来应用前景。 相似文献
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压电传感器在结构健康监测方面的应用日益广泛。大型工程结构、混凝土结构及微电子构件的损伤监测与智能传感为其提供了广阔的应用平台。压电薄膜与涂层制备工艺不断革新,使压电传感器性能逐步优化,从而开拓了更广阔的应用领域与前景。结合国内外的研究热点和现状,简述了压电传感的动态监测原理,综合概述了外贴式压电传感、埋入式压电传感及表面涂覆式压电传感在结构智能监测中的研究进展,其中针对不同制备工艺,分别阐述了不同表面涂覆式压电传感器的应用研究,归纳并总结了3种传感器的优缺点及表面涂覆式压电传感器的制备工艺,最后展望了未来的应用前景和发展方向。 相似文献
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A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling. 相似文献
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Liebert A Wabnitz H Grosenick D Möller M Macdonald R Rinneberg H 《Applied optics》2003,42(28):5785-5792
A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue. 相似文献
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An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a
rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate
agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data. 相似文献
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Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995. 相似文献
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由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。 相似文献
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M. M. Gadenin 《Inorganic Materials》2013,49(15):1352-1356
It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle. 相似文献
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V. T. Kornienko 《Strength of Materials》1991,23(7):760-765
The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991. 相似文献
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水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点,也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此,水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来,中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器,加强了水三相点的研究,为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时,不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此,根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明,其扩展不确定度为0.16mK(k=2.69,P=0.99)。 相似文献