一种新的正弦相位调制干涉条纹相位稳定方法

在基于条纹投射的物体表面形貌测量中,温度漂移和振动是造成条纹相位漂移的主要因素。为了稳定条纹相位,在相位补偿系统(PCS)中运用峰值检测简化相位提取过程,发展了一种基于正弦相位调制的干涉条纹相位稳定技术。将光纤缠绕在柱形压电陶瓷(PZT)上,向PZT注入正弦驱动电压实现对干涉条纹相位的正弦相位调制。运用2×2光纤耦合器分光,结合马赫-泽德干涉与杨氏干涉结构实现条纹投射。光电探测器检测两端面反射信号形成的迈克尔逊干涉信号,从中提取环境因素引起的相位漂移,运用旋转坐标数字机进行快速反正弦计算,生成的补偿信号与调制信号叠加后共同驱动PZT,实现条纹相位稳定。实验结果表明,条纹相位稳定精度为5.5 mrad,较好地消除环境因素引起的相位漂移。     

Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪相位载波调制及解调方案的研究

本文根据Mach Zehnder光纤干涉仪相位调制与双光束干涉测量的特点 ,提出了一种采用相位调制器 (PZT)实现相位载波调制 ,利用贝塞耳函数进行傅里叶分解实现相位调制信号解调的检测方案。理论分析表明 ,该方案能有效地抑制随机干扰信号对测量精度的影响     

IFOG中相位调制器的残余强度调制及其测量

利用开环正弦波调制解调方法,推导了铌酸锂相位调制器的残余强度调制(简称RIM)对干涉型光纤陀螺(简称IFOG)信号的影响,指出在调制频率漂移或光纤环渡越时间变化时RIM可导致陀螺的零偏和噪声增大.对典型条件的计算表明,0.01°/h的IFOG容许的最大RIM为13ppm,0.1°/h的中低精度IFOG则为81ppm.提出利用锁相放大器精确测量相位调制器RIM的方法,并对国产器件进行测量,结果表明,器件RIM指标可在中低精度IFOG中应用.     

一种新的外差干涉信号处理方法—相位及相位整数测量法

介绍了一种新的外差干涉信号处理方法－相位及相位整数测量法。用此方法不仅可使干涉测量的分辨率提高到λ／１０００－λ／２０００，而且扩大了测量范围，解决了大范围、动态测量位移的问题。文中还给出了用此方法进行信号处理的外差干涉仪测量压电陶瓷动态位移的实验结果。     

希尔伯特变换实时全息干涉条纹相位提取

实时全息干涉法可以观察记录整个测试过程中条纹图的动态变化,传统相位提取算法只适合于静态干涉条纹图相位的提取.根据实时全息干涉条纹和希尔伯特变换的特点,提出了利用希尔伯特变换提取实时全息干涉条纹相位值的方法,采用了高通滤波的方法减少背景光强的影响,对铝片受力变形实验中实时全息干涉条纹的相位变化分布进行了提取.实验表明:希尔伯特变换法适合于动态条纹的相位提取,可以自动提取实时全息干涉测量过程中全场各点在任意两个时刻间的相位变化值,且测量结果与实时全息干涉条纹人工分析结果一致.     

压电陶瓷的非线性特性校正研究

讨论了非线性对正弦相位调制Fabry-Perot(F-P)干涉术的影响.当用分块积分讨论相调F-P干涉术的输出光强,并作近似处理时,就可以给出类似的结果,所以把这种方法进一步推广到对相调F-P干涉术的研究中.同时提出了两种测量压电陶瓷非线性系数的方法,在实际测量得到的非线性系数基础上,完成`影响大小的数值计算和实验研究.最后证明提出,相调F-P干涉术的初相位应选择在π/4附近以及它可用于测量精细表面的粗糙度或其轮廓.     

全光纤电流互感器的调制相位扰动补偿

为了提高全光纤电流互感器中的电流测量精度,针对正弦调制方案提出了一种改进的信号解调方法.首先给出了有效调制深度的表达式,分析了有效调制深度在实际工程应用中存在的3种外界干扰来源.为了克服这些干扰,采用高次谐波分量实时解出调制深度数值,以实现调制相位的扰动补偿.实验结果表明,被测电流在200~1 500 A范围时,改进的算法使系统的抗干扰性能提高了30倍,系统测量相对偏差维持在0.2%以下,满足高精度电流测量要求.     

激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位新方法

激光干涉频比计数法广泛应用于绝对法振动标准装置,针对频比计数法只能测量振幅不能得到振动相位,提出一种利用激光干涉条纹与振动台运动位移之间的关系,实现测量振动相位的新方法,并给出激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位的数学模型。该方法基于零差的迈克尔逊激光干涉仪,利用高速采集器同步采集激光干涉信号和传感器信号,并在Lab VIEW虚拟仪器开发平台上,软件解调振动波形,实现振动幅值和振动相位的实时测量。测量结果与正弦逼近法相一致。     

可调合成波长链绝对距离干涉测量

本文提出一种利用半导体激光器的波长调谐特性实现的可调合成波长链绝对距离干涉测量方法 ,针对不同的待测距离 ,可选择不同的合成波长链 ,完成对待测距离的由粗测到精测的整个过程。文中基于这种方法构建了干涉测量系统 ,该系统利用压电陶瓷调制的在一条直线上的两个双光束干涉仪 ,使待测距离被包含于一个交流信号的相位项中 ,从而使小数条纹的测量转化为相位测量 ,合成波干涉条纹的小数级次由单波长干涉信号的相位测量值计算得到。文中以外尺寸测量为例描述了实验装置 ,实验结果表明 ,在现有的测量系统和实验条件下 ,待测距离小于 5mm时的测量极限偏差优于 2 0μm。     

液晶空间光调制器相位调制特性研究

研究了美国BNS公司生产的Modal P256反射型电寻址液晶空间光调制器的相位调制特性和时间响应特性.采用He-Ne激光作光源,建立迈克尔孙干涉光路观察波前相位变化,给出器件的相位调制特性曲线.分析测量了器件的相位响应不一致性和像素间的相位交连.通过测量液晶器件对方波和正弦控制信号的相位响应延迟,分析了液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)的时间响应特性.理论分析与实验结果说明:在特定的入射偏振条件下,LC-SLM实现纯相位调制,可用作高分辨力波前校正器件,然而极慢的响应速度和极低的时间带宽限制了它在动态变化波前相差校正中的应用.     

Phase Resolution and Coherent Phase States

Abstract

Various measures of phase resolution (including variance, entropy, confidence half-width, and reciprocal peak likelihood) are reviewed, and applied to the class of coherent phase states. These states arise naturally as eigenstates of the Susskind-Glogower phase operator, and are found to have near-optimal phase resolution properties for fixed mean photon number [nbar]. The mutual information for a communication channel based on coherent phase states is calculated as log ([nbar] + 1), within 1·5 bits of the theoretical maximum for single-mode channels.     

Resolution of Phase Particles in Phase Microscopy

This paper deals with the question of two-point resolution for pure phase particles in a phase contrast microscope (no amplitude contrast is considered) illuminated with partially coherent light. It is seen that the phase particles in phase microscopy behaves in a manner equivalent to that of amplitude particles in ordinary microscopy. The limit of resolution as estimated on the basis of Sparrow criterion is seen to be independent of Δ, i.e. the magnitude of phase particles. In other words, the limit of resolvable separation with any finite contrast may be expressed as K = K _s+δK, where K _s, the limit obtainable on the basis of Sparrow criterion, is independent of the magnitude of Δ and δK is an incremental term that depends on the magnitude of Δ and the final required image contrast. Both terms, however, depend on the degree of coherence between the object particles. Results are given for the phase particles both leading or lagging in phase with respect to the background. The question of low contrast or small phase approximation is also discussed.     

Al-Fe系合金中的相及相转变

综述了近40年来科研工作者在ALFe耐热铝系合金方面所做的工作，特别是对Al—Fe、Al-Fe—Si、Al—Fe—V—Si中相及相转变做了详尽的讨论。     

A Cascade Phase Sensitive Detector? Phase Response

A phase sensitive detector (PSD) described permits the realization of any phase response by means of many like stages in cascade or in parallel. Two such configurations?one providing the best phase selectivity and the other the best phase discrimination sensitivity?are discussed in detail to demonstrate practical applications. The performance of a prototype detector supports the principles of operation.     

Phase Multiplication

A new multiple-beam interference microscope is described. This makes use of very sensitive sharp fringes of equal thickness. These fringes can be produced in the double-layer interferometer with white, quasi-monochromatic or laser beams. The microscope consists of two inverted microscopes with conjugate mirrors such that the length of the first microscope is a multiple of that of the second one. The first microscope can be replaced by a multi-mode laser and the microscope with conjugate mirrors forms the image of the object either in transmission or at reflection. A high axial resolution can be obtained without reducing the transverse resolution. The volume resolution of the microscope with conjugate mirrors is increased pN times over that of the single-layer interference microscope, where p is the interference order and N is the reflectivity finesse.     

Phase Conjugation

Abstract

The background mechanisms responsible for the production of phase-conjugate waves are presented in a unified way. One set of wave equations can be used to describe both four-wave mixing and stimulated backscattering phase-conjugate mirrors. The nonlinear-optical mechanism of photorefraction is described in detail and several of the most exciting potential applications of phase-conjugate mirrors are highlighted.     

板钛矿相对TiO2纳米晶相转变的影响研究

本文以Ti(O BU) 4为前驱体 ,采用溶胶 凝胶工艺制备了TiO2 纳米晶。通过X 射线衍射 (XRD)分析证明了所制备的锐钛矿相TiO2 纳米晶中含有一些板钛矿相 ,发现在较低的热处理温度下 ,TiO2 纳米晶就发生了相转变 ,并且板钛矿 金红石相转变的过程比锐钛矿 金红石相转变过程快 ;同时锐钛矿相的晶胞常数c的变化似乎部分归因于有板钛矿相的存在。差热 热重同步分析 (DTA TGA)表明 ,在 36 0～ 5 0 0°C之间 ,可以观察到板钛矿 锐钛矿相转变的存在。最后对TiO2 纳米晶中含有的板钛矿相对锐钛矿 金红石相转变的作用机制进行了简要的分析。     

The Adiabatic Phase and Pancharatnam's Phase for Polarized Light

Abstract

In 1955 Pancharatnam showed that a cyclic change in the state of polarization of light is accompanied by a phase shift determined by the geometry of the cycle as represented on the Poincaré sphere. The phase owes its existence to the non-transitivity of Pancharatnam's connection between different states of polarization. Using the algebra of spinors and 2 × 2 Hermitian matrices, the precise relation is established between Pancharatnam's phase and the recently discovered phase change for slowly cycled quantum systems. The polarization phase is an optical analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. For slow changes of polarization, the connection leading to the phase is derived from Maxwell's equations for a twisted dielectric. Pancharatnam's phase is contrasted with the phase change of circularly polarized light whose direction is cycled (e.g. when guided in a coiled optical fibre).