电磁超声单向表面波对铝板微小缺陷的检测

电磁超声表面波被广泛用来检测表面或近表面缺陷。双向表面波电磁超声换能器(ElectromagneticAcoustic Transducer, EMAT)会在两侧同时产生能量较低且均衡的超声波,而微小缺陷(缺陷深度远小于表面波波长)的反射信号非常微弱,易被噪声淹没,根据回波信号,难以识别和定位缺陷。为此基于惠更斯叠加原理设计了单向表面波EMAT,对其声场进行了有限元分析;研究了增强侧表面波遇到不同缺陷的响应特性,得出缺陷深度、角度与反射波幅值的关系;并对含不同微小缺陷的铝板进行了实验研究。仿真和实验结果表明,所提方法提高了表面波检测微小缺陷的灵敏度,并实现了缺陷位置及深度的量化。     

U型电磁超声换能器三维仿真研究

针对U型电磁超声表面波换能器(electromagnetic acoustic transducer,EMAT)换能效率低的问题,提出一种基于三维仿真的研究方法。首先,在Maxwell软件中建立U型电磁超声无损检测激发探头三维有限元模型并进行仿真分析,研究电磁超声换能器中线圈间距、截面积以及提离距离和磁铁类型及几何参数对换能效率的影响。结果表明:在使用蛇形线圈和U型磁铁作为电磁超声表面波换能器的情况下,减小线圈的提离距离、线圈截面积,适当增大线圈间距可以提高EMAT换能效率;此外,正交方差分析法对U型永磁铁的几何参数研究表明,U型永磁铁的宽度对换能效率的影响显著。     

表面波电磁声换能器及电声学特性的研究

电磁超声换能器的非接触、信号重复性好等特点使得其在高温自动检测、材料特性测量等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用电磁超声技术激发表面波更是行之有效的方法,论文着重于理论分析,对表面波电磁声换能器的物理结构、电声学特性作了较为全面和深入的研究,并用等效电路模型探讨了阻抗匹配的方法。结果表明,电磁声换能器为感性负载,不同于压电器件的容性负载特性,因此对换能器的设计和优化也有着独自的特性;随着提离距离的增大,相应的换能效率也将急剧下降;阻抗匹配对于提高信号的输出强度,抑制谐波分量有着重要的作用,而采用电容并联匹配相比串联匹配,能够提供更高的转换效率。     

破片冲击作用下地铁车辆车轮结构变形研究

为探索破片冲击作用对地铁车辆车轮廓形表面变形的影响，本文建立了破片冲击车轮侧面、车轮踏面和车轮轮缘的有限元模型。通过圆柱形破片冲击车轮的仿真计算，得到了破片在不同位置以不同速度冲击车轮后车轮各表面的变形量，经过分析确定了造成车轮变形量最大的破片冲击位置和破片冲击速度。利用最终结论，结合地铁车辆日常检修中对车轮廓形的要求，得出了车轮防护的重点区域和车轮防护的性能要求，同时对战时车轮快速检修标准提出了新的建议。     

激光致声技术的研究

从热弹与烧蚀机制两个方面，讨论了激光超声表面波的产生。通过对点光源激励声表面波的机理进行分析，出线光源激励的表达式。进行了表面波同线光源能量、方向角、位置、长度关系的实验研究。实验结果验证了激光超声表面波理论模型的合理性，证实了线光源产生的表面波具有信号强、方向性好等优点。     

钛合金超声探伤技术

随着我国大飞机项目的启动,对航空用钛合金加工材质量的要求日益提高,超声探伤作为钛合金加工材的主要质量控制方式日渐重要.综述了钛合金加工材的常见缺陷类型,钛合金的超声探伤特性,钛合金超声探伤技术,包括钛合金的超声相控阵探伤技术、钛合金的多区聚焦超声探伤技术、时间反转镜探伤技术,直径为6～13mm的小规格棒材的探伤技术等.     

浅谈探伤设备的管理

由于探伤设备状态的好坏，探伤工操作的优劣，严重影响到货车新造和检修各个环节产品的质量，加强探伤设备的管理，设置专人专管，建立专项资金已经成为重中之重。本文论述了如何加强探伤设各的管理。     

电磁声换能器性能测试研究

本文简单地介绍了纵波电磁声换能器（ＥＭＡＴ）产生和检测超声的机理、设计与制作考虑。对所研制开发的纵波ＥＭＡＴ的方向性、非接触脱离特性、分辨率和探伤灵敏度等性能的测试方法进行了系统研究和测试，并给出其测试结果。     

冷挤压变壁厚药筒件的超声兰姆波探伤

详细介绍了超声兰姆波的主要特点和多种传播模式,通过对小口径弹药筒壁厚尺寸与缺陷的分析和兰姆波特征曲线的求解,选择合理的药筒兰姆波探伤模式。采用3种标准伤样件验证了药筒管壁内、外表面探伤灵敏度的变化规律,内外表面探伤灵敏度差异,以及探伤灵敏度与标准伤刻痕深度的关系,论证了超声兰姆波单模式探伤的可行性和模式选择。     

在用起重机车轮裂纹成因分析

本市某重型机械加工企业的1台最大额定起重量为200t的通用桥式起重机,在进行年度定期检验的过程中发现,在经过2年时间的使用之后,该起重机的大车车轮及小车车轮均出现不同程度的裂纹。为避免裂纹继续扩大,导致严重事故的发生,笔者要求该企业立刻联系生产厂家对这批车轮进行探伤处理,并要求探伤不合格的车轮必须报废。本文对该起重机车轮裂纹产生的原因进行了分析,并提出了相关的预防措施。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.