CaO对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷的致密化及力学性能的影响

采用冷压-烧结技术制备了CaO掺杂的17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷惰性阳极。研究了CaO的添加量和烧结温度对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷的物相组成、 致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明, CaO含量在小于5.0wt%范围内, 烧结样品由Ni、 NiO和NiFe₂O₄组成。CaO掺杂对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷具有明显的助烧作用。当烧结温度为1250℃时, CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%的样品致密度达到最大值97.87%, 继续增加CaO掺杂量将导致材料致密度的下降。当烧结温度从1250℃提高到1350℃时, 当CaO掺杂量小于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而增加; 当CaO掺杂量大于或等于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而降低。提高烧结温度和添加CaO均能促进陶瓷相晶粒长大。样品在1250℃烧结时, 其抗弯强度在CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%时达到极大值为150.66MPa。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的纯铜中间层液相扩散焊

采用Cu箔中间层在Ar气氛保护、550℃条件下过渡液相扩散焊(TLP)焊接SiC颗粒(SiC_P)增强Al基复合材料SiC_P/ZL101和SiC_P/Al (SiC_P 10vol%),对母材与焊接接头的微观组织、剪切强度、焊接接头剪切断面与断裂路径等进行分析。结果表明:在铸Al(ZL101)与纯Al(Al)基体中,分别通过共晶温度较低的Al-Si-Cu(524℃)三元共晶反应与Al-Cu(548℃)二元共晶反应实现中间层金属/基体金属(M/M)界面润湿。其中铸Al基体焊接接头中虽有颗粒偏聚,但由于Al-Si-Cu三元共晶反应的Cu含量(26.7wt%)低于Al-Cu二元共晶反应的Cu含量(33wt%),SiC_P/ZL101焊接接头焊缝中CuAl₂相少于SiC_P/Al焊接接头焊缝中的CuAl₂相,且未出现CuAl₂相的聚集,故其强度较高。Cu中间层形成的金属间化合物CuAl₂相是影响焊接接头力学性能的重要因素,两种复合材料焊接接头的剪切强度分别为85.4 MPa和73 MPa。      

反应烧结法制备(AlN,TiN)-Al2O3复合材料的研究

以Ti,Al,Al₂O₃为初始粉料,通过750~800℃氮气保护下的中温焙烧,然后在1420~1550℃在氮气氛下反应烧结,制备了不同配比的(AlN,TiN)-Al₂O₃复合材料。研究了组成及烧结工艺对复合材料力学性能、显微结构等的影响。用XRD,SEM等方法分析粉体及烧结体的相组成及微观结构。分析结果表明:AlN,TiN的形成,有助于材料的致密化并使其力学性能提高。组成为20wt%(Al,Ti)-Al₂O₃的粉体在1520℃、30MPa、保温、保压30min热压烧结条件下,与N₂气反应可得到硬度(HRA)为 94.1的高硬度的(AlN,TiN)-Al₂O₃复合材料,该材料的抗弯强度为687 MPa,断裂韧性(K_IC)为6.5MPa·m1/2。     

基于导热板的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料感应焊接温度调控

研究了碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料感应焊接中厚度方向及焊接面内的温度分布及调控。基于对温度分布结果的分析,使用导热板结合真空袋压的方式对CF/PEEK进行感应焊接,结合使用合适的功率及加热时间,测试了焊接件的单搭接强度,观测分析了焊接件的断裂形貌。结果表明,导热板对层合板表层和边缘均有良好的散热效果;焊接功率越低,焊接面的加热均匀性增加,但是会延长加热时间。在真空袋中对层合板上表面和两侧添加导热板,在输出功率示数为600时感应焊接300 s,焊接件的单搭接剪切强度达到41.57 MPa。      

Al/Al2O3复合材料伪半固态触变模锻成形

在粉末成形的基础上,结合金属半固态加工技术提出了金属/陶瓷复合材料伪半固态触变模锻成形工艺,并成功制备出 Al/Al₂O₃复合材料杯形件。微观组织观察及力学性能分析表明制件微观组织致密、力学性能优异。当铝体积分数增加到37%时,不同成形压力下复合材料制件抗弯强度可达430~690 MPa,断裂韧性达8.5~16.8 MPa·m1/2,与原位反应及高温氧化工艺相比抗弯强度及断裂韧性大幅度提高。同时分析了成形温度、成形压力等工艺参数对制件性能的影响。研究结果证明采用该工艺成形金属/陶瓷复合材料是可行的。     

原位反应法制备Al/Al3Ti复合材料组织和性能

本研究采用一种新型的原位反应工艺,使TiO₂粉剂与纯铝熔体反应,生成Al3Ti颗粒,然后采用搅拌铸造法制备Al/Al₃Ti复合材料。生成的Al₃Ti颗粒尺寸细小,为2～3μm,而且分布均匀,与基体结合好。当TiO₂加入量为纯铝基体的30wt%、反应温度为920℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度比纯铝基体提高71.5%,硬度提高134%,而延伸率较纯铝稍有下降。     

B4C改性酚醛树脂粘接SiC陶瓷的高温性能

以酚醛树脂为基体,B₄C为改性填料制备出高温粘结剂,并对 SiC陶瓷进行粘接。对粘接样品热处理之后测试各试样的室温剪切强度。结果表明,700 ～800℃ 热处理后,胶层剪切强度超过 20 MPa。利用扫描电镜以及能谱仪研究粘接试样的断面形貌及其结构特征 , 并借助裂解色谱/质谱联用仪研究了酚醛树脂及B₄C改性酚醛树脂 750℃ 裂解的主要挥发分。研究表明,B₄C与CO等挥发分之间的改性反应可以有效地改善粘结胶层高温下的结构致密性、稳定性。反应产物B ₂O ₃高温熔融,具有良好的润湿/粘附性,可在一定程度上愈合、修补树脂热解产生的收缩缺陷;B₂O₃与树脂基体活性部位形成化学键合,提高了树脂基体的高温稳定性和结合强度,从而实现高温下的良好粘接。     

表面粗糙度对TiAl/AgCu/TiAl钎焊质量的影响

为探究表面粗糙度对钎焊质量的影响,在优选的钎焊温度870 ℃和保温时间5 min条件下,以AgCu合金为钎料,进行TiAl合金的真空钎焊,研究了表面粗糙度与磨痕方向对钎料润湿铺展、钎焊接头界面组织、力学性能的影响.采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、光学显微镜和万能材料试验机等分析测试手段,对钎焊接头的组织与力学性能进行分析.结果表明：AgCu钎料在各向异性的TiAl基板表面润湿铺展时会受表面特征影响,沿着特定的方向优先铺展,当基板表面不具各向异性特征时,钎料润湿铺展近似为圆形;表面粗糙度S_a=0.103 μm的基板,钎焊接头的平均剪切强度最优,达到323 MPa,而表面粗糙度S_a=0.133 μm的基板,接头平均剪切强度为245 MPa,钎焊接头强度均方差最大.     

离子束表面改性氮化硅与钢的焊接研究

氮化硅表面用Ti，Cu，Mo等金属离子处理后，与45号钢在真空中进行焊接。样品分析结果表明，接缝强度与表面处理条件、焊接温度及真空度密切相关。在控制条件下，其剪切强度达220MPa。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/2024Al)的扩散焊研究

采用加纯铝箔中间层的方法，研究了１５％ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料的固态扩散焊。结果表明：在温度为５７０℃、压力为１６ＭＰａ、焊接时间为６０ｍｉｎ的条件下，获得了较高质量的复合材料扩散焊接头。对接头进行的剪切强度试验和金相分析发现，焊接界面平行性特征不明显，中国间明显变薄的接头具有较高的剪切强度，扫描电镜观察分析显示，接头断口呈现明显的韧性断裂特征．     

Welding TiB2 Ceramics and Metal Mo with Combustion Reaction Technology

Combustion reaction welding, one promising method to weld ceramics and metals, was used to weld TiB2 and Mo. The results showed that the reacted products through combustion reaction were TiB2 and MoB when the Mo contents in reactants were 20 wt pct and 40 wt pct while there was Mo besides MoB and TiB2 when there were 60 wt pct and 80 wt pct Mo in reactants. Diffusion of elements occurred at the interfaces of the two substrates. The interfaces between the reacted and the two substrates were indistinct after being welded. The welding temperature strongly affected properties of the samples. The value of bending strength of the sample with 80 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃ was the highest, 368.52 MPa. The highest value of shear strength among all the samples was that of the one with 40 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃, 50.97 MPa.     

Welding TiB¬2 Ceramics and Metal Mo with Combustion Reaction Technology

Combustion reaction welding, one promising method to weld ceramics and metals, was used to weld TiB¬2 and Mo. The results showed that the reacted products through combustion reaction were TiB¬2 and MoB when the Mo contents in reactants were 20 wt pct and 40 wt pct while there was Mo besides MoB and TiB¬2 when there were 60 wt pct and 80 wt pct Mo in reactants. Diffusion of elements occurred at the interfaces of the two substrates. The interfaces between the reacted and the two substrates were indistinct after being welded. The welding temperature strongly affected properties of the samples. The value of bending strength of the sample with 80 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃ was the highest, 368.52 MPa. The highest value of shear strength among all the samples was that of the one with 40 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃, 50.97 MPa.     

TiB2/FeMo陶瓷的显微结构与力学性能

以Fe-Mo为助烧剂，通过热压制备了TiB2陶瓷．研究了烧结温度、烧结时间对材料显微结构和力学性能的影响，分析了烧结致密化过程．实验结果表明，随着热压烧结温度升高，材料抗弯强度、洛氏硬度出现峰值，热压烧结时间延长，抗弯强度有所下降．液相烧结的重排阶段致密化速率最快．     

Improving Impact Strength in FSW of Polymeric Nanocomposites Using Stepwise Tool Design

In recent years, many studies have been conducted on process parameters of polymers friction stir welding, while material parameters are still facing serious problems especially in polymeric nanocomposites. In the present study, the impact behavior of friction stir–welded polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites under different material and process conditions has been investigated using Taguchi approach. A stepwise tool design procedure has been carried out to enhance the welding process. The samples containing various weight percentages of alumina nanoparticles have been welded under different welding process parameters. The analysis of variance results illustrated that nanoalumina content is the most effective parameter on impact strength followed by rotational and transverse speeds. Impact strength of welded samples was conspicuously improved up to 15% by adding 2?wt% of nanoalumina compared with pure PC samples. Also increasing rotational speed and decreasing transverse speed leads to increase of impact strength. In order to optimize the process, signal-to-noise ratio analysis was performed. The results indicated that the optimum levels of input parameters that give the maximum impact strength are as following: 2?wt% of nanoalumina, 2500?rpm of rotational speed, and 8?mm/min of transverse speed which causes 26.14% improvement in impact strength of samples.     

热输入对Inconel 617镍基高温合金激光焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响EI北大核心

采用两种热输入不同的焊接工艺参数对3 mm壁厚的Inconel 617镍基高温合金进行激光焊接。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对焊接接头显微组织进行观察分析,并测试了焊接接头在室温(25℃)及高温(900℃)下的拉伸性能。结果表明:激光焊接热输入对Inconel 617焊接接头显微组织及力学性能影响明显。在高热输入(200 J/mm)条件下,焊缝正面宽度3.88 mm,熔化区中部晶粒尺寸粗大,取向杂乱,树枝晶二次枝晶间距较大(6.71μm),枝晶间碳化物颗粒尺寸较为粗大,枝晶间Mo,Cr等合金元素的凝固偏析较为严重。焊接接头热影响区宽度约0.29 mm,在晶界和晶内形成了γ+碳化物共晶组织,这是由于焊接升温过程中,热影响区内球状碳化物颗粒与周边奥氏体发生组分液化,并在焊后凝固过程中形成共晶。低热输入(90 J/mm)工艺参数获得的焊缝正面宽度为2.28 mm,焊缝呈沿熔合线母材外延生长并沿热流方向定向凝固形成的柱状晶形态。焊缝中部树枝晶二次枝晶间距较小(2.26μm),枝晶间碳化物颗粒尺寸细小,热影响区宽度约0.15 mm。室温(25℃)拉伸测试表明:高热输入下获得的焊接接头由于焊缝中固溶元素偏析造成的局部组织弱化,从焊缝中部破坏,强度与伸长率有所降低,低热输入条件下获得的焊接接头从母材破坏。而高温实验条件下(900℃),母材晶界发生弱化导致所有试样均从母材破坏。     

Fabrication of (TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a controlled laminated architecture and enhanced mechanical properties

The(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a laminated structure composing of alternating TiB/Ti composite layers,α₂-Ti₃Al interfacial reaction layers of andγ-TiAl layers were successfully pre pared by spark plasma sintering of alternately stacked Tib₂/Ti powder layers and TiAl powder layers.And the influence of thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the re sulting(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were investigated systemically.The results showed that the thickening ofα₂-Ti₃Al layers which originated from the reaction of Ti and TiAl was significantly hindered by introducing Tib₂particles into starting Ti powders.As the thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers increased,the bending fracture strength and fracture toughness at room temperature of the final(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were remarkably improved,especially for the(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites prepared by Tib₂/Ti powder layers with thickness of 800μm and TiAl powder layers with thickness of 400μm,whose fracture toughness and bending strength were up to 51.2 MPa·m^1/2and 1456 MPa,respectively,293%and 108%higher than that of the monolithic TiAl alloys in the present work.This was attributed to the addition of high-performance network TiB/Ti composite layers.Moreover,it was noteworthy that the ultimate tensile strength at 700℃of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites fabricated by 400μm thick Tib₂/Ti powder layers and 400μm thick TiAl powder layers was as high as that at 550℃of network TiB/Ti composites.This means the service temperature of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was likely raised by 150℃,meanwhile a good combination of high strength and high toughness at ambient tempe rature could be maintained.Finally,the fracture mechanism of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was proposed.     

New Developed Welding Electrode for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints

A new welding electrode, low transformation temperature electrode (LTTE), was introduced in this paper. It was described in design principle, mechanics, chemical compositions of their deposited metal and manufacturing methods. It was proved that the best transformation starting temperature from austenite to martensite of the deposited metal of LTTE was at about 191℃ and it was obtained by adding alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo. The microstructure of the weld metal of the LTTE was low carbon martensite and residual austenite. The compressive residual stress was induced around the weld of the LTTE and the -145 MPa in compression could be obtained in middle of weld metal. The fatigue tests showed that the fatigue strength of the longitudinal welded joints welded with the LTTE at 2×106 cycles was improved by 59% compared with that of the same type of welded joints welded with conventional E5015 and the fatigue life was increased by 47 times at 162 MPa. It is a very valuable method to improve th     

常压烧结ZrB2-SiC复相材料的抗氧化行为研究

以溶胶凝胶法合成的超细ZrB₂粉体为主要原料,研究了不同含量Mo和Mo-B₄C为烧结助剂时,ZrB₂-SiC体系的常压烧结工艺,测试了其力学性能,并系统研究了分别以4wt%Mo和4wt%Mo-2wt%B₄C为烧结助剂制备的ZrB₂-20wt%SiC复相陶瓷在不同温度下的静态抗氧化行为,研究表明：仅以Mo作为烧结助剂时,在1300℃以上材料表面开始出现ZrO₂颗粒析出而迅速氧化. 当添加Mo-B₄C复合烧结助剂时,液相保护层在1300℃开始出现,并随着温度升高逐步变厚且均匀,材料在1500℃氧化30min后,抗弯强度仍有室温强度的86%,表现出良好的抗氧化性能.     

Improvement in the weldability of molybdenum alloy by pre-welding solid carburising

Molybdenum (Mo),with its high chemical stability and resistance to neutron irradiation,has wide appli-cation prospects in the nuclear industry;however,the embrittlement of welded Mo joints limits its further application.In this study,the brittleness of the welded joints of Mo alloy was reduced and their strength was enhanced by adding carbon to the fusion zone (FZ) during laser welding.In the FZ of the Mo joints,carbon mainly existed as Mo2C,and some free C atoms,and MoC and MoOxCy phases were also present.The distribution of Mo2C directly influenced the bonding strength of the grain boundaries.As Mo2C was dispersedly distributed as particles or discontinuous lines at the grain boundaries of Mo,it improved the resistance of the grain boundaries to the propagation of cracks and thereby increasing their strength.However,the Mo2C phases distributed in a reticular pattern at the grain boundaries of Mo provided channels that enabled cracks to rapidly propagate,thereby reducing the resistance of the grain boundaries to crack propagation and weakening their strength.The emergence of the MoOxCy phase reduced the weakening effect of free oxygen atoms on the strength of grain boundaries of Mo.