Welding TiB2 Ceramics and Metal Mo with Combustion Reaction Technology

Combustion reaction welding, one promising method to weld ceramics and metals, was used to weld TiB2 and Mo. The results showed that the reacted products through combustion reaction were TiB2 and MoB when the Mo contents in reactants were 20 wt pct and 40 wt pct while there was Mo besides MoB and TiB2 when there were 60 wt pct and 80 wt pct Mo in reactants. Diffusion of elements occurred at the interfaces of the two substrates. The interfaces between the reacted and the two substrates were indistinct after being welded. The welding temperature strongly affected properties of the samples. The value of bending strength of the sample with 80 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃ was the highest, 368.52 MPa. The highest value of shear strength among all the samples was that of the one with 40 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃, 50.97 MPa.     

TiB2陶瓷与Mo金属的燃烧反应焊接

采用燃烧反应工艺焊接了TiB₂陶瓷与金属Mo,对中间反应层生成物进行了XRD物相分析,对焊接界面结合情况进行了电子探针分析。温度和中间层组分对焊接件的抗弯强度和抗剪切强度有一定的影响。分析表明:抗弯强度在焊接温度为1500℃,中间层Mo含量为80wt%时达最大值;在焊接温度为1500℃,中间层组分中含Mo为40wt%时所得焊接件抗剪切强度值达最大。     

Ta/Ni/Mo异种薄板激光熔钎焊正交试验探究

目的探究Ta/Mo异种薄板激光熔钎焊的最佳焊接工艺参数。方法设计正交试验方案,得出理论最优工艺参数。采用SL-08型Nd:YAG脉冲激光焊机对薄板完成焊接得到焊接接头;通过微机控制电子万能试验机测试焊接接头的抗拉强度;通过显微硬度计测量焊接接头显微硬度;通过OM测试方法观察焊缝组织。并通过焊接接头的性能对得出的最优工艺参数进行验证。结果在最佳焊接工艺参数下,接头的最大平均抗拉强度为230 MPa,接近Ta母材的抗拉强度,拉伸试样断裂发生在近Ta热影响区;焊缝表面连续,可看到清晰的鱼鳞纹,焊缝背面宽度均匀,焊缝成形良好;焊缝中心区域出现了针状共晶组织,热影响区的晶粒都呈现不同程度的长大现象;形成接头的焊缝区硬度最高,钼母材次之,钽母材最小。结论通过正交试验得出的最优工艺参数是准确的,Ta/Mo异种薄板最佳焊接工艺参数为:激光功率P为20.8 W(激光功率百分比为26%),脉宽T为5.5 ms,脉冲频率f为4.0 Hz。     

ZK60镁合金光纤激光焊接工艺参数及接头性能研究

目的 采用光纤激光对ZK镁合金进行焊接,分析焊接工艺参数对焊接接头性能的影响规律。方法 采用正交实验方法,在焊接过程中对焊接主要的工艺参数比如:激光的功率,焊接的速度,离焦量进行三因素三水平正交实验,采用拉力实验机对焊接接头进行抗拉强度测试,得到抗拉强度最大的工艺参数组合。对焊缝微观组织及断口形貌进行分析。结果 当激光功率为1 400 W、焊接速度为40 mm/s、离焦量为3 mm时,焊缝抗拉强度达到最高的308 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的95%。结论 在合适的工艺条件下,光纤激光焊接过程中,如果热输入较低,焊接速度过快,导致熔池冷却速度非常快,同时细化了晶粒,提高焊缝接头的综合力学性能。     

New Developed Welding Electrode for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints

A new welding electrode, low transformation temperature electrode (LTTE), was introduced in this paper. It was described in design principle, mechanics, chemical compositions of their deposited metal and manufacturing methods. It was proved that the best transformation starting temperature from austenite to martensite of the deposited metal of LTTE was at about 191℃ and it was obtained by adding alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo. The microstructure of the weld metal of the LTTE was low carbon martensite and residual austenite. The compressive residual stress was induced around the weld of the LTTE and the -145 MPa in compression could be obtained in middle of weld metal. The fatigue tests showed that the fatigue strength of the longitudinal welded joints welded with the LTTE at 2×106 cycles was improved by 59% compared with that of the same type of welded joints welded with conventional E5015 and the fatigue life was increased by 47 times at 162 MPa. It is a very valuable method to improve th     

590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧立焊焊缝组织性能

为研究590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧工艺得到的焊接接头组织与性能的关系,采用钨极氩弧焊(TIG)与熔化极气体保护焊(MAG)方法获得成型良好的焊接接头,经过拉伸、冲击、弯曲试验及光学显微镜、扫描电镜、EBSD分析,对590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧立焊打底焊与盖面焊焊接接头的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:打底焊缝组织主要为贝氏体,盖面焊缝组织以贝氏体与针状铁素体为主;打底焊缝经历过一次热循环后组织得到一定程度的细化;打底焊缝硬度值与盖面焊缝相近,盖面焊缝热影响区最高硬度值高于打底焊缝热影响区最高硬度;2 mm坡口间隙性能较5 mm坡口间隙有较大提高,2 mm坡口间隙断口以韧窝断裂为主,5 mm坡口间隙断口以解理断裂为主.     

Effects of Al Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of MoSi2

The effects of Al additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoSi2 have been studied. With the Al additions from 2.5 wt pct to 5 wt pct, the siliceous grain boundary phase in hot pressed samples was eliminated because of the formation of Al2O3 particles. It was shown that Al and SiO2 reacted at 860℃. During the reaction, Al atoms were mainly transferred to Al2O3 particles, and to some extent, diffused into MoSi2 grains. Both the toughness and strength of Al containing composites exceeded those of pure MoSi2 material. Bending strength and fracture toughness reach the highest value of 350 MPa, 4.05 MPa•m1/2, respectively, at ambient temperature when Al addition was of 3.5 wt pct.     

近红外光纤激光与蓝光半导体激光焊接紫铜工艺对比研究

目的 提高紫铜激光焊接接头的力学性能,并分析激光工艺参数对焊缝外观及焊缝微观组织的影响规律。方法 分别对蓝光半导体激光与近红外光纤激光焊接紫铜的工艺参数进行优化设计,采用光学显微镜观察焊缝的外观形貌,采用拉力机测试焊缝的抗拉强度,采用金相显微镜观察和分析焊缝的微观组织。结果 当采用近红外光纤激光进行焊接时,功率为2 000 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为156 MPa。当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,功率为500 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为246 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的80%。结论 由于铜对蓝光波长的吸收率较高,当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,热量输入较低,焊缝的变形相对较小,并且焊缝中心各个方向上的温度梯度相同,容易形成等轴晶,有利于力学性能的提高。     

Ti700sr高温钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及性能研究

采用TIG焊接方法对Ti700sr高温钛合金板材进行了焊接,研究了接头的组织形貌、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明,Ti700sr高温钛合金板材焊接后的接头成形良好,焊缝区组织由粗大的柱状晶及细长的针状α相构成,热影响区组织由细针状α和残余β相构成,热影响区析出相得到有效控制,相边界上无明显硅化物析出;焊接热影响区的硬度相对较高,焊缝的硬度相对较低;接头室温抗拉强度约为903 MPa, 700℃高温抗拉强度为397 MPa,焊缝强度低于母材的。      

Friction stir spot welding of rare-earth containing ZEK100 magnesium alloy sheets

In this study, rare-earth containing ZEK100 magnesium alloy sheets were joined using friction stir spot welding. In order to determine the influence of welding parameters on lap-shear strength, overlap joints were created under various tool rotational rate and shoulder plunge depths. Relationships between the maximum lap-joint strength and key features of the weld including effective sheet thickness, interfacial hook width, and shoulder plunge depth were established. Based on the results of this study, welds with larger effective upper sheet thickness and small interfacial hook height generally exhibited the highest lap-shear strength. In addition, experiments indicated that overlap joints welded at 1500 rpm and 0.2 mm tool shoulder plunge depth exhibited the highest lap-shear strength.     

热输入对Inconel 617镍基高温合金激光焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响EI北大核心

采用两种热输入不同的焊接工艺参数对3 mm壁厚的Inconel 617镍基高温合金进行激光焊接。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对焊接接头显微组织进行观察分析,并测试了焊接接头在室温(25℃)及高温(900℃)下的拉伸性能。结果表明:激光焊接热输入对Inconel 617焊接接头显微组织及力学性能影响明显。在高热输入(200 J/mm)条件下,焊缝正面宽度3.88 mm,熔化区中部晶粒尺寸粗大,取向杂乱,树枝晶二次枝晶间距较大(6.71μm),枝晶间碳化物颗粒尺寸较为粗大,枝晶间Mo,Cr等合金元素的凝固偏析较为严重。焊接接头热影响区宽度约0.29 mm,在晶界和晶内形成了γ+碳化物共晶组织,这是由于焊接升温过程中,热影响区内球状碳化物颗粒与周边奥氏体发生组分液化,并在焊后凝固过程中形成共晶。低热输入(90 J/mm)工艺参数获得的焊缝正面宽度为2.28 mm,焊缝呈沿熔合线母材外延生长并沿热流方向定向凝固形成的柱状晶形态。焊缝中部树枝晶二次枝晶间距较小(2.26μm),枝晶间碳化物颗粒尺寸细小,热影响区宽度约0.15 mm。室温(25℃)拉伸测试表明:高热输入下获得的焊接接头由于焊缝中固溶元素偏析造成的局部组织弱化,从焊缝中部破坏,强度与伸长率有所降低,低热输入条件下获得的焊接接头从母材破坏。而高温实验条件下(900℃),母材晶界发生弱化导致所有试样均从母材破坏。     

日本潜艇用钢及焊接材料的焊接性能综述

本文综述了日本的潜艇用钢及其焊接材料的各项焊接性能试验情况。对NS63和NS80钢的大量试验结果表明:为了防止产生焊接裂纹,应根据钢种强度级别、板厚和拘束应力的不同来选择不同的预热和道间温度,通常在50~150℃之间变化;相应的焊接热输入也宜在16~24 kJ/cm之内选配,以便得到与焊材相适应的临界冷却速度,使之满足焊缝力学性能的要求。还要限制施焊环境的水蒸气分压(≤25mmHg),焊材的吸潮量要≤0.20%。另外,对NS110钢的低强匹配焊接接头也进行了大量的试验工作,结果表明:在焊缝强度比母材降低15%的条件下仍具有良好的综合性能,将其应用到潜艇壳体上是可以信赖的。     

Tape Casting of Al_2O_3-TiB_2/Al_2O_3-Nano-TiC Multilayer Composites

Ceramic tapes, containing Al2O3-25 wt pct TiB2(B) and Al2O3-25 wt pct nano-TiC (c), have been obtained by tape casting process. Numerous tapes (about 60～80 tapes) were prepared by stacking in turn the composition (B) and (C), laminating under 10 MPa pressure, eliminating the solvent and burning out the polymer additives. The final green bodies were hot pressed at 1750℃ and 30 MPa. The composite has a bending strength of 568 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.8 M Pa·m1/2. SEM analysis exhibits that Al2O3 particle growth was inhibited by TiC particles in C. but TiB2 particles could not hinder Al2O3 growth in B. The curves of GTA indicates that all organic additives could be removed completely above 600℃     

碳纤维/聚苯硫醚热塑性复合材料电阻焊接工艺

本文针对航空器结构用碳纤维/聚苯硫醚(CF/PPS)复合材料为研究对象，开展电阻焊接工艺研究；利用CF/PPS复合材料混编织物作为电阻元件，成功制备了CF/PPS复合材料层板电阻焊接接头；重点利用Taguchi方法和方差分析获取CF/PPS复合材料层板电阻焊接最佳工艺参数(电流为12 A，压力为1.5 MPa，时间为30 min)及各参数对焊接接头剪切强度的贡献(电流为83.37%，压力为9.55%，时间为6.02%)。最佳焊接工艺参数焊接的接头单搭接剪切强度约为17.88 MPa；同时，对最佳参数焊接试样(H-LSS)和较低剪切强度试样(L-LSS)的焊接接头截面和剪切失效断口形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明:H-LSS试样的焊缝区域树脂填充和浸润良好，且主要剪切失效形式为层间剪切失效，即为纤维与树脂基体脱黏及CF/PPS织物复合材料断裂混合失效；L-LSS试样的焊缝区域树脂填充和浸润较差，存在较多空隙，且剪切失效形式为焊缝界面脱黏失效。      

Mechanical properties characterisation of welded joint of austenitic stainless steel using instrumented indentation technique

The instrumented indentation test is a promising nondestructive technique for evaluating mechanical properties of metallic materials. In this study, the localised mechanical properties of welded joint of 304 austenitic stainless steel were characterised with the instrumented indentation test. The single V-groove welded joint was produced using the electric arc welding. A series of instrumented indentation tests were carried out at different regions, including base material, weld zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ). A soft zone regarding strength properties was found in the coarse-grain HAZ. The results show that the HAZ has the lowest yield strength and tensile strength (263.6 MPa, 652.5 MPa) compared with the base material (307.4 MPa, 807.9 MPa) and the weld zone (285.6 MPa, 702.1 MPa). In addition, characterisations of microstructure, microhardness and conventional tensile tests have been performed for comparison. The results reveal that the localised mechanical properties of welded joint of austenitic stainless steel can be represented effectively with the instrumented indentation technique.     

SiCp/Mg复合材料激光焊规范参数对焊缝强度的影响及其数学模型的建立

对于焊接性较差的碳化硅颗粒增强镁基（SiCp／Mg）复合材料，采用高能激光束进行了焊接．通过选择合适的激光焊工艺参数，可焊成外观成形及性能均良好的焊接接头．激光焊的输出功率（P）、焊接违反（v）、脉冲频率（f）、脉冲宽度（w）对接头强度都有影响，其中尤以激光输出功率与焊接速度的比值，即焊接线能量P/v的影响最大．对于厚度为1mm的对接缝，试验所得最佳工艺参数为：P=170Wv=7.5mm/s,f=30Hz,w=5ms.焊接时使用氢气（Ar）进行保护．所得拉伸强度值为104．3MPa，达到了母材的52％．另外，本文还应用多项式回归法建立了焊接接头拉伸强度与工艺参数关系的数学模型．     

Study of Microstructure and Properties of Non-Electric Welded Joints

Non-electric welding, which combines the advantages of traditional welding and Self-propagating Hightemperature Synthesis (SHS), is a newly developed technology because of its simple process and no energy supplement during welding. In this paper, two pieces of 45 steel sheets were welded by Non-electric welding, and the properties of joints were studied. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by SEM, EDAX, hardness tester and tensile tester.The interfaces of the joints and matrix show excellent metallurgical bonding, and the elements of joints have diffused into substrate. Welded joints have high mechanical properties. The bonding strength can reach 348 MPa, and the impact toughness is 44 J/cm2. Non-electric welding technology also can weld non-ferrous, and this technology especially suited to be used at the emergent maintenance of field.     

Identification of the pin offset effect on the friction stir welding (FSW) via Taguchi – Grey relational analysis: A Case study for AA 7075 – AA 6013 alloys

The aim of this work is to present a case study relating to the dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) ability of AA 7075‐T651 and AA 6013‐T6 by applying pin offset technique. An orthogonal array L18 was conducted to perform the overlapped weld seams using three different values of pin offset, welding speed and tool rotational speed along with two different pin profiles determine the impact of welding parameters on the tensile properties of friction stir welded joints. The nugget zone for each of overlapped weld seams exhibited a complex structure and also, the pin offset and profile also were found to have a great impact on the microstructural evolution of the nugget zone. The ultimate tensile strength, elongation at the rapture and bending strength of welded joints were measured in the ranges of 194–215 MPa, 1.79–3.34 % and 203–352 MPa. From the Taguchi based Grey relational analysis, the optimum welding condition was determined for the welded joint performed using a single fluted pin profile with the zero pin offset, tool rotational speed of 630 min^?1 and welding speed of 63 mm/min. Microstructural and macro‐structural observations revealed that welded joints exhibiting lower tensile strength are consistent of various types of defects (e. g. cracks, tunnels and cavities). The fracture location of welded joints was found to be on the heat affected zone and between the heat affected zone and AA 6013‐base metal. The tool and pin wear was not observed during the welding applications     

汽车高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接力学性能研究

目的 针对汽车高强钢SG1000焊接接头恶化等问题,研究了SG1000激光复合焊接的力学性能。方法 选用等强匹配焊丝MG90-G对高强钢SG1000进行激光复合焊接,对焊接接头进行拉伸和低温冲击韧性试验,并结合扫描和硬度监测等手段对焊缝组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果 由于激光的预热作用,高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接成形件的焊缝美观,焊接过程稳定可靠,焊接熔池深度较大,有效改善了传统焊接的咬边、飞溅、气孔等缺陷。焊缝组织主要由板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒组成,热影响区的过热区内部板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒比较粗大,而焊接母材主要为细小的板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒。焊接拉伸断口主要为细小且较浅的韧窝,且韧窝底部存在第二相粒子及夹杂物,焊接拉伸断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌为韧性断裂;冲击微观形貌主要由准解理小平面及河流花样组成,且存在一定数量大小不一的韧窝交错分布,焊接冲击断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌也为韧性断裂。结论 焊缝热影响区的晶粒比非热影响区的晶粒粗大,拉伸和冲击断裂均发生于热影响区;随着激光功率的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现逐渐增强的趋势;随着焊接速度的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现先增强后削弱的趋势。高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接最佳工艺参数如下:激光功率为9.5 kW,焊接速度为0.8 m/min,对应屈服强度为1 072 MPa,抗拉强度为1 175 MPa,断裂伸长率为13.5%,冲击断裂吸收的能量为30.8 J、焊缝中心显微硬度为342 HV。     

三层板电阻点焊接头界面力学性能

目的为掌握汽车侧撞区域三层板电阻点焊接头不同界面的承载能力,研究三层板接头力学性能。方法以B1500HS-1.4 mm/B1500HS-1.6 mm/DC06-0.8 mm三层板电阻点焊接头为研究对象,通过剪切拉伸试验结果,对比分析不同界面的力学性能,并对焊点熔核区显微组织、界面熔核尺寸、显微硬度以及失效模式进行研究与分析。结果在三层焊中,当上下两侧板材强度相差很大时,不同界面的三层板点焊接头具有不同的峰值载荷和断裂能量,强强界面的剪切承载能力是强弱界面的6倍;熔核区不同板材处的马氏体含量以及界面熔核尺寸均影响点焊接头的力学性能;热成形钢一侧影响区因原始全马氏体组织出现了软化;拉剪试验条件下,B1500HS-1.4 mm/B1500HS-1.6 mm界面点焊接头失效模式为纽扣失效,B1500HS-1.6mm/DC06-0.8 mm界面点焊接头失效模式为先纽扣失效,后母材撕裂。结论在汽车耐撞设计中应通过承载分配,将碰撞结构力传导至强强界面,并通过隔离设计尽量避免强弱界面受到结构力影响,以提高碰撞性能。