水合肼化学还原硫酸铜制备纳米铜粉的研究

为了制备颗粒尺寸在纳米级、大小分布均匀的纳米铜粉,采用水合肼化学还原硫酸铜的方法,并利用扫描电镜(SEM),Image-Pro Plus软件、铜离子浓度测定仪等测方法测量纳米铜粉的颗粒尺寸和铜离子的转化率。结果表明,碱性条件下,水合肼化学还原硫酸铜制备纳米铜粉满足化学反应的热力学和动力性条件;制备纳米铜粉最佳的实验参数,水合肼浓度为1.5 mol/L、CuSO_4·5H_2O的浓度为0.5 mol/L、EDTA和PVP质量比为3∶2(EDTA浓度为30 g/L、PVP浓度为20 g/L)、反应溶液的pH值为12、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为30 min;在此条件下,获得颗粒大小均匀、颗粒尺寸为50.2 nm的纳米铜粉,Cu~(2+)的转化率达到98.2%。     

铜纳米粒子的可控制备及其抗菌性能研究

以氯化铜为铜源,水合肼为还原剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为稳定剂,氨水为络合剂,通过液相还原法合成了纳米铜粉。通过改变还原剂浓度制备了4组不同粒径纳米铜粉末,FESEM等表征发现,随着水合肼浓度的降低,纳米铜粉粒径增加。通过肉汤稀释振荡培养法测试纳米铜的最小抑菌浓度,结果表明,随着纳米铜粒径的增加,抗菌性能降低,所合成纳米铜的最小抑菌浓度在750～3000mg/L;初步分析认为铜纳米粒子主要是通过水解或电离出铜离子而发挥抗菌作用。     

酸性蚀刻废液制备纳米铜粉及其稳定性研究

以酸性蚀刻废液为铜源,水合肼为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备纳米铜粉.研究发现,在氯离子的存在下,直接还原难以得到高纯度的铜粉.介绍了络合还原和除氯后还原两种铜粉制备方法,用铜粉导电率表征其抗氧化性能,并对两种方法制备的铜粉的稳定性进行了比较分析.     

两步还原法制备MLCC电极用超细铜粉

为了制备MLCC电极用超细铜粉,克服CuSO4直接水合肼还原法制备的铜粉存在粒度分布不均匀、振实密度小的问题,提出了两步液相还原新工艺,即以CuSO4溶液为原料,首先采用NaOH沉淀-葡萄糖预还原制备Cu2O,然后用水合肼还原Cu2O制备超细铜粉.针对实现铜晶体的成核与长大过程的分离,研究了水合肼加入方式对铜粉性能的影响,发现较慢的水合肼滴加速度和将水合肼还原Cu2O阶段分为升温均匀成核与水合肼连续滴加长大两个过程有利于得到粒度均匀的铜粉.在最佳试验条件下制得的铜粉呈类球形,粒度分布均匀,分散性好,平均粒径为1.8μm,振实密度达4.2g/ml.     

超声波辅助液相还原铜氨废液制备纳米铜粉

在超声波场条件下,以电子工业产生的铜氨废液为原料、水合肼为还原剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂还原制备纳米铜粉。研究了该体系下温度、pH值、表面活性剂添加量和超声波场等因素对制备纳米铜粉的形貌和粒径的影响。通过试验探索得到最佳反应温度为:72℃;pH值:9.0~10.0;表面活性剂添加量为:0.2mol·L~(-1)。此外,在超声波场条件下制备的产物粒径小于无超声波场条件下的产物。制备的产物通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征,结果表明产物为纯度很高的铜粉,粒径达到纳米级别,形貌呈球形。在最佳工艺条件下,废液中铜离子的转化率达到97%以上,试验反应产物为氮气,没有引入新的金属离子,反应前后体系成份未变,可以浓缩后返回车间做铜板碱性蚀刻液使用,实现了绿色环保要求。     

微波辅助液相还原法制备超细铜粉

以硫酸铜为原料,水合肼为还原剂,采用微波辅助液相还原法制备了超细铜粉,研究了微波的引入对超细粉体制备的影响,通过XRD、激光粒度分析和TEM表征了粉体的结晶性能、粒度度以及粉体的形貌,研究表明,微波的引入可以明显加速晶化反应的进行,在较短时间内制得的铜纳米晶发育好于传统热处理方式制得的铜纳米晶。     

导电涂料中纳米铜粉抗氧化性的研究

为了提高纳米铜粉的抗氧化能力及其在聚合物基体中的分散性,在钠米铜粉表面包覆一层导电性和抗氧化性均佳的银.以水合肼为还原剂、PVP(聚乙稀吡咯烷酮)和硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)为分散剂,采用二月桂酸二丁基锡对纳米铜颗粒表面进行活化处理,然后采用置换反应法制备得到了与原纳米铜粉粒径和形貌大致相同的核壳型铜-银双金属粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、XRF、TGA等手段分析了核壳铜-银双金属粉的抗氧化性能,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粉末形貌进行表征.结果表明,经表面活化处理后得到的核壳铜-银双金属粉,在镀银质量分数较低(37.68%)时也能形成完全包覆型结构.包覆后的铜纳米颗粒在700℃以下没有任何氧化现象.     

葡萄糖预还原-水合肼液相法制备纳米铜粉

通过单因素条件试验,找出了用葡萄糖预还原-水合肼液相还原法制备纳米铜粉的条件,再通过正交法得到最佳还原条件。试验表明：还原法得到的铜粉纯度高,结构成分更好控制,原料成本低廉,制备出的产品粒度分布窄且粒径小,还原彻底,不易产生CuO和Cu2O等杂质。     

纳米铜粉的制备及其分散性研究

采用液相还原法制备纳米铜粉和纳米铜胶体,选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对纳米铜粉进行表征,通过重力沉降法测试纳米铜胶体的稳定性。结果表明:液相还原法能够制备纯度较高的纳米铜粉;CTAB浓度为0.12 mol/L时,铜粉平均粒径最小,为20 nm,CTAB浓度为0.14 mol/L且超声粉碎20 min时,纳米铜胶体最稳定;PVP浓度为6×10^-4 mol/L时,铜粉平均粒径最小,为20 nm,PVP浓度为7×10^-4 mol/L且超声粉碎20 min时,纳米铜胶体最稳定。     

纳米铜及稀土铜合金粉的研究进展

综述了目前纳米铜粉制备过程中解决纳米颗粒容易团聚及防止纳米铜粉氧化的方法，重点介绍纳米稀土对纳米铜粉颗粒团聚的抑制作用。研究中发现稀土元素对铜的性能有极大的促进作用，在此基础上，展望了稀土铜合金粉这种高效产品的应用前景。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.