新型闪烁晶体Ln2SiO5的研究进展

作为新型无机闪烁晶体材料，稀土硅酸盐系列晶体Ln2SiO5(Ln-Gd^3 ,Y^3 ,Lu^3 )近年来受到广泛关注。本文综述了Ln2SiO5系列晶体的结构，Ce^3 荧光机制及晶体生长研究的进展，总结了它们的闪烁性能，应用和有待深入研究的问题。     

新型闪烁晶体Ln2SiO5的研究进展

作为新型无机闪烁晶体材料,稀土硅酸盐系列晶体Ln2SiO5(Ln-Gd3+,Y3+,Lu3+)近年来受到广泛关注.本文综述了Ln2SiO5系列晶体的结构,Ce3+荧光机制及晶体生长研究的进展,总结了它们的闪烁性能,应用和有待深入研究的问题.     

纳米羟基磷灰石的常压合成与表征

以乙二醇为氢氧化钙的溶剂在常压下合成了一种纳米羟基磷灰石晶体。分析结果表明，以乙二醇为氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)的溶剂反应合成的羟基磷灰石为细针状的纳米晶体，具有弱结晶结构，为非化学计量，其钙磷摩尔比约为1．66。这种纳米磷灰石晶体和自然骨中的磷灰石晶体在很多方面有相似之处。     

我国硼酸盐晶体生长技术取得重要突破

由中国科学院福建物构所主持的“新型可见紫外光区变频晶体与器件”，通过了福建省科技厅组织的技术成果鉴定。专家一致认为，该项目总体技术达到国际先进水平，其中大尺寸YLSB和采用钨酸盐为助熔剂的YAB晶体生长技术取得重要突破，达到国际领先水平。研究人员系统研究了具有Huntite构型的硼酸盐系列晶体，确定了该系列含钪化合物三方相形成条件，生长了具有三方相的大尺寸YLSB晶体；     

新型近红外光电探测材料碲铟汞的研究

研究了一种新型近红外光电探测材料碲铟汞（MIT）晶体，利用垂直Bridgman法成功生长了MIT单晶，并采用X-ray衍射分析、UV-NIR-IR光谱分析及Hall测试对晶体的形态结构及光电性能进行了检测。结果表明：MIT晶体为缺陷闪锌矿结构，其在中远红外波段透过性能较好（ 〉50％），并且随着波长的增大，透过增强．MIT晶体为n型半导体，室温电阻率为4．79×10^2Ω．cm，载流子迁移率为4．6×10^2cm^2．V^-1．s^-1，载流子浓度为2．83×10^13cm^-3。较低的载流子浓度，有利于降低探测器的噪声及提高探测器的能量分辨率。     

散射体特征对隔声超材料性能的影响

为研究应用于轨道车辆降噪的声学超材料，在分析两种晶体结构的基础上，从密度角度出发研究散射体特征对声学超材料性能的影响。建立三维三组元金刚石声子晶体模型，通过控制变量法在控制基体材料和包裹层材料参数一致的情况下，针对散射体密度进行梯度递增，以此求解并绘制不同散射体密度条件下三维三组元金刚石声子晶体能带结构图。结果表明：三维三组元金刚石声子晶体的带隙作用频率在6 725.77 Hz～11 632.62 Hz之间，基本与高速列车噪声覆盖范围重合；带隙随着散射体密度的增加，带隙起始频率和带隙终止频率均从高频开始降低，二者降低幅度有所区别。带隙宽度会随散射体密度的增加而增加，拟合带隙随散射体密度变化的曲线后发现，三维三组元金刚石声子晶体的带隙宽度随密度的变化曲线更倾向于3 阶函数。该结构的扩展结构可应用于轨道车辆地板层、高速铁路 沿线声屏障等有降噪需求的部位。     

掺镁近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体的生长

利用提拉法，从掺入11mol％K2O和1mol％MgO的化学配比LiNbO3熔体中生长了高质量的掺镁近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体．与同成分LiNbO3晶体相比，紫外吸收边发生明显蓝移，OH^-红外吸收峰的位置和波形也发生了显著的变化，初步断定晶体中Mg^2 的掺杂浓度已达到抗光伤阈值浓度．酸腐蚀结果表明，晶体具有区域性单畴结构。     

浅谈柯达三个系列电影负片的区别与特性

柯达公司的电影负片产品有三种系列:一个是EASTMANEXR系列,一个是柯达VISION系列,还有柯达VISION2系列。选用某种电影负片的主要原因之一是感光度。EASTMANEXR电影负片乳剂中卤化银是以微粒状态存在的。理想的卤化银晶体为正方体形结构,但是由于卤化银置备的配方及工艺条件的影     

Pr,R~(3+):SrF_2(R=Y,Gd)激光晶体光谱性能的研究

采用坩埚下降法生长了系列共掺的Pr,Y:SrF_2和Pr,Gd:SrF_2晶体,研究了调剂离子对Pr:SrF_2晶体晶胞参数和光谱性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,掺杂不同种类和浓度的调剂离子可以有效提高晶体的吸收截面和发射强度。同时,调剂离子通过改变晶体内部的团簇构型和发光中心的局域配位结构,使Pr,R~(3+):SrF_2(R=Y,Gd)晶体各峰位的发光强度变化规律不一致:绝大部分峰位发光强度先增加到峰值后减小,极个别变化趋势相反或发光强度基本保持不变。结合晶胞参数和荧光寿命图谱也可以证明调剂离子对晶体内部团簇和局域结构的影响。总之,掺入调剂离子后,Pr:SrF_2晶体的光学性能更优,尤其是共掺入6.0at%Y~(3+)或10.0at%Gd~(3+)后,其光学性能达到最佳。     

NiCuZn铁氧体的制备和磁性研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列镍铜锌铁氧体微粉.借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM、VSM技术,对干凝胶的热分解过程、产物的物相、微观结构和磁性能进行研究.结果表明,反应温度为30℃,镍铜锌铁氧体微粉经800℃烧结后可以转变成尖晶石相,然而,反应温度为50℃,无法获得纯的镍锌铁氧体晶体,而且,由于杂质粒子的存在,饱和磁化强度...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.