双线阵CCD交汇测量立靶精度系统研究

为了准确测量弹丸的立靶精度,本文采用了双线阵CCD交汇测量的方法.文中介绍了该方法的工作原理,推导出目标在光电靶上的坐标计算公式,同时分析和研究了各个测量模块的元器件和布站方式,从而构建了整个测量系统.最后在靶场进行了实弹试验,得出弹丸的立靶精度为0.041 7 m(方向公算误差)和0.031 9 m(高低公算误差),...     

能效测量系统能力评价及其结果应用

制冷空调产品的能效测量系统测量数据质量的高低,决定了产品能效标识工作质量的高低。对于测量系统的分析及其测量结果的不确定度评价,已有的相关标准只是孤立地对单一概念进行论述,无具体的应用示例。本文通过系统论述说明和应用示例,以期达到对能效测量系统能力评价的充分理解,并对能效测量系统的管理提供帮助。     

锥面活塞环锥度测量方法和不确定度评定

介绍了一种新的锥面活塞环测量方法.该方法应用光电技术解决了测量中的关键问题.本文详述了测量原理、实验系统工作原理和测量不确定度评定.     

水面炸点坐标测试方法研究

本文简要介绍了"水面炸点坐标测量系统"的建设方案和主要技术指标,描述了其工作原理,标明了它的主要特点.该系统又称CCD炸点坐标测量系统,运用CCD摄象机来完成登陆破障装备在海岸水际滩头的炸点测量工作.该系统的问世,将对当前军事斗争准备工作提供有力的技术保障.     

高架桥轨道系统的噪声源识别

探索了一种用于高架桥轨道交通系统噪声源识别的方法，该方法以ISO测量标准为依据，并针对上海现行的高架桥轻轨系统。介绍了测量高架轨道噪声的方法和识别轨道噪声源的原理，详细研究了轨道主要噪声源的分布规律，并进行了实地测量实验。实验结果正确可靠，为提供现行高架轨道系统的减振降噪措施提供了依据。     

浅析轨检车检测资料的有效利用

目前常用的轨检车系统是基于惯性基准测量原理，采用激光、摄像机和图像处理系统，通过钢轨断面轮廓图像的测量获得轨道几何尺寸等测量值，采用基于网络平台的非接触式测量系统，具有检测项目齐全、检测精度高和超限判断智能化等优点，是检查轨道偏差、指导线路养护维修和保障行车安全的现代化检测设备。本文将首先介绍轨检车的检测原理，然后探讨轨检车检测资料如何有效运用。     

高精度转动惯量测量设备的研制

研制了一台高精度转动惯量测量设备,用于测量物体三轴转动惯量.设备采用扭摆法,由光电传感器提取扭摆周期信号,并由高精度数据采集卡采集到计算机计算出摆动周期,根据扭摆法测量原理得到转动惯量测量结果.本文介绍了该系统的工作原理和结构特点,并对影响系统精度的因素进行了详细分析.通过与美国Space Electronics的质量特性测量设备进行数据比对,测量误差小于0.1%,满足了设计要求.     

光电转换法测量脉冲高电压

本文介绍了用发光二极管、光纤、光电二极管、前置放大器及补偿线路等组成的光电系统测量脉冲高电压的原理、测试系统性能及在轨道炮、电热炮实验中用DAS—820M多通道高速数据采集及分析系统进行测量的结果和分析。     

采用混合式油罐测量系统测量立式金属罐内油品质量的不确定度评定

近年来,随着传感器和计算机技术的发展,混合式油罐测量系统(HTMS)在国内化工行业储罐油品计量中得到了推广应用.本文首先介绍了油品质量计量的方法、混合式油罐测量系统的基本构成及工作原理;建立相关测量模型,分析各个分量的影响,对油品质量的测量不确定度进行了分析和评定.     

MEMS扫描镜机电特性测量系统的设计

本文在微机电(MEMS)技术上设计并加工出了一种新型基于SOI工艺的谐振式微扫描镜,设计了MEMS扫描镜机电特性测量系统,对MEMS扫描镜的工作原理、机电特性、系统测量方法、系统方案实现和系统精度评定等方面进行了研究.首先,介绍了MEMS扫描镜的工作原理,对其结构设计及机电特性进行了研究.其次,研究了MEMS扫描镜的频...     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.