电弧喷涂工艺参数对1Cr13涂层与45钢结合强度的影响

电弧喷涂技术常用于机械零件如柱塞、曲轴等的修复.喷涂层与基体的结合强度直接影响其寿命,并与喷涂工艺有密切的关系.用正交设计试验方案,在45钢基体上采用电弧喷涂方法制备了1Cr13涂层,并通过涂层结合强度试验考察了喷涂工艺参数与涂层结合强度的关系.结果表明:电弧喷涂1Cr13钢丝的优化工艺参数为:电压32 V,电流240 A,喷涂压力0.7 MPa,喷涂距离150 mm;影响涂层结合强度的工艺参数从主到次依次为电弧电流、喷涂压力、喷涂距离和喷涂电压.     

铝合金发动机缸盖的再制造技术研究

针对废旧汽车铝合金发动机缸盖的再制造需求,对发动机缸盖进行了失效分析,并研究了高速电弧喷涂Al-RE涂层的再制造工艺。实验结果显示,缸盖的失效主要表现为表面环形压痕和平面度超差,压痕区附近出现较多白色条状的Si相,硬度有所升高;高速电弧喷涂Al-RE涂层的组织致密,硬度略低于LM25TF铝合金基体,热压变形实验后涂层与铝合金基体结合良好,未出现裂纹和剥离。综合实验结果和典型零件的应用情况表明,高速电弧喷涂Al-RE涂层技术可实现铝合金缸盖的再制造。     

超音速电弧与普通电弧喷涂FeCrNiB涂层的耐磨损性能

为了提高电弧喷涂涂层的结合强度及耐磨损性能,采用超音速电弧喷涂技术和普通电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢表面分别制备了Fe17Cr5NiB涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等手段对比分析了2种涂层的微观结构及性能。结果表明:超音速电弧涂层具有更加致密的结构,其平均孔隙率为0.95%,远低于普通电弧涂层;超音速电弧涂层与基体呈紧密结合,其结合强度为60 MPa,而普通电弧涂层与基体之间呈明显的分层状态,其结合强度仅为28 MPa;超音速电弧涂层具有良好的非晶态结构及致密性,使其具有远高于普通电弧涂层的硬度以及耐磨损性能,显微硬度高出普通电弧涂层32.27%,耐磨损性能是普通电弧涂层的2倍以上(是基体的14倍以上)。     

电弧喷涂Zn/Al伪合金涂层耐蚀性能研究

在钢构件表面,利用热喷涂技术制备锌、铝和锌铝合金涂层可以对基体达到长效保护的目的.采用电弧喷涂装制成功制备出了锌铝伪合金镀层,通过中性盐雾试验、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了其结合强度、耐蚀性能并与纯锌、铝涂层进行了比较分析.结果表明,锌铝伪合金涂层的结合强度和耐蚀性能均优于Zn-15%Al合金涂层.     

电弧喷涂药芯丝的研制

在分析俄罗斯产曲轴喷涂用药芯电弧喷涂丝的基础上研制出一种经济实用的药芯电弧喷涂丝.该电弧喷涂丝涂层组织均匀,反应充分,涂层与基体结合良好,结合强度大于20MPa,在相同条件下,磨损失重仅为Q235的0.8%,2Cr13涂层的5.3%,且耐磨性能比俄罗斯产药芯电弧喷涂丝的高,而且可以节约成本,大规模应用于实际生产.     

飞机发动机风扇叶片CuNiIn涂层等离子喷涂的工艺优化

为了给国内航空发动机风扇叶片Cu Ni In涂层制备提供相关技术支持,利用等离子喷涂技术在Ti6Al4V基体材料上制备Cu Ni In涂层,观察涂层微观结构,分析涂层孔隙率、界面污染物等,研究喷涂功率、喷涂距离及基体表面粗糙度对涂层结合强度、显微硬度等的影响。结果表明:喷涂功率的增加会导致Cu Ni In涂层显微硬度增加,结合强度降低;喷涂距离增加,涂层显微硬度和结合强度都呈现先增后减的趋势;基体表面粗糙度增加,涂层结合强度增加,但粉末沉积率降低;优化工艺为喷涂功率32.3 k W,喷涂距离85 mm,采用36目白刚玉喷砂(基体表面粗糙度6.3μm);优化工艺制备的涂层结合强度达到45.83 MPa,显微硬度达到159.2 HV,孔隙率为0.578%,可为国内风扇叶片Cu Ni In涂层制备提供相关技术支持。     

转移法火焰喷涂静电屏蔽涂层

叙述了转移法火焰喷涂碳纤维增强复合材料零件表面静电屏蔽涂层工艺及模具上分离膜的制备方法,试验通过在碳纤维预浸料固化时分离膜上的静电屏蔽涂层,涂层完整转移至复合材料零件表面,涂层结合牢固,涂层表面光滑平整,与复合材料零件成为一个整体,并且不改变零件外形的完整性,不影响构件的空气动力学特性.所制备的铝涂层具有良好的静电屏蔽和导电性能,电阻值可控制在0.5～1.3 mΩ,涂层与复合材料基体间结合强度＞20 MPa,完全能满足现代飞机结构对碳纤维增强复合材料的表面涂层性能要求.     

铝合金基材表面耐磨性能强化研究现状

铝合金材料具有密度低、强度高、易加工等优点,已被广泛应用于汽车和航空航天等领域。为了延长铝合金零件在磨损、腐蚀等环境下的服役寿命,目前开发了众多先进的表面工程技术,实现了对铝合金基体的性能强化。基于此,本文综述了等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、火焰喷涂、激光重熔、氩弧重熔、冷喷涂、电火花沉积、激光熔覆、微弧氧化等九种表面技术对铝合金处理以强化耐磨性能的研究工作。大量研究发现,这些表面技术均在一定程度上提高了铝合金基体的耐磨性能。例如,等离子喷涂涂层可有效减轻高温条件下基体的磨损;重熔技术制备的涂层比喷涂涂层具有更高硬度和更优异的耐磨性能;采用硬质颗粒的冷喷涂技术制备的涂层具有显著提高的显微硬度;电火花沉积技术制备的沉积层内部均匀分布着高强度枝蔓状的Si相,能够极大地减小基体的摩擦系数。同时,本文总结了以上技术的优缺点及适用范围。例如,热喷涂效率高但易造成热应力集中,导致涂层与基体之间的结合强度降低;氩弧重熔在低熔点和易蒸发的金属和合金上重熔困难;激光重熔可消除大部分孔隙及夹杂的氧化物,但设备成本较高。最后,本文从采用多种技术复合处理、优化涂层工艺参数、加强新技术研发等方面,对未来铝合金基材表面耐...     

高温下电弧喷涂层中铝铬元素向金属基体界面的扩散

铁基合金电弧喷涂铝或铬涂层可以用于高温氧化防护.铝或铬涂层在加热条件下会发生金属元素向铁合金基体内的扩散,Al和Cr元素的扩散可以显著提高钢铁基体的抗氧化能力和抗高温腐蚀能力.通过对电弧喷涂Al,QAl9-2,0Cr25Al5以及 Fe-Al复合丝涂层在高温加热过程中界面元素的扩散研究,探讨了Al和Cr元素的扩散规律及相互影响.结果表明:铝喷涂层试样高于700 ℃加热可以发生Al元素向工件基体方向的扩散,其扩散深度与原始喷涂层厚度密切相关;电弧喷涂的QAl9-2层和0Cr25Al5层都具有"自结合"性质,可以提高涂层与工件的结合强度;并且在加热过程中也有一定程度的Al元素向基体方向的扩散.     

耐锌蚀陶瓷防护层的制备与腐蚀机理初探

采用电弧喷涂法预先在Q235钢试样基体上喷涂FeCrAl粘结层,再利用等离子弧喷涂制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层,分析了陶瓷涂层在500℃静态锌液腐蚀试验中的腐蚀机制及影响因素.通过SEM和XRD分析可知,Al2O3陶瓷涂层与锌液为不互溶材料,起隔离基体与锌液、防止铁锌发生互扩散反应的作用.试验结果表明,等离子喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层能极大地延缓Q235钢腐蚀失效的时间,耐液锌腐蚀性极好;陶瓷涂层的结合强度和涂层厚度是影响耐锌蚀性能的主要因素.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.