复合正极材料LiFePO4/Al/C的制备及性能研究

采用二步固相法制备了LiFePO4/Al/C复合正极材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜表征样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒径和包覆状态,并研究了铝粉加入量对复合材料电化学性能的影响.结果表明,金属Al与LiFePO4发生了界面反应,生成多种副产物,并在LiFePO4的表面形成钝化膜.在LiFePO4颗粒的表面包覆有不规则形状的金属铝和1～2 nm的碳层.当铝粉加入量为3wt%时,LiFePO4/Al/C复合材料的电化学性能最佳,室温10C倍率下放电克容量为117.8 mAh/g;样品在20℃下,0.1C放电克容量为105.6 mAh/g,相对于常温的放电容量比率为73.8%.     

微反应器-固相法制备LiMPO_4(M=Fe,Mn,Co)及其性能研究

采用微反应器-固相法合成纳米LiFePO4/C复合正极材料,并用XRD、FSEM、TEM和电化学测试系统对样品进行表征。测试结果表明,微反应器法有效的将FePO4的颗粒尺寸控制在20~30nm,继而使LiFePO4/C的颗粒尺寸保持在100nm左右。流速越快,样品的颗粒尺寸越均匀,分散性越好,电化学性能也最佳。流速为140mL/min制备的样品,在1C倍率下放电比容量达到160mAh/g。本方法也适用于LiMPO4体系的其他材料(LiCoPO4,LiMnPO4)。     

用两种碳源制备高性能LiFePO4/C正极材料

为了提高LiFePO4材料的电化学性能,以碳溶胶和葡萄糖两种物质为碳源、采用高温固相法制备了LiFePO4/C复合正极材料.通过XRD、TEM、恒电流充放电等方法研究了材料的结构与电化学性能.XRD结果表明,两种碳源的添加对LiFePO4的晶体结构没有影响.从TEM图上可观测到颗粒外部明显的碳包覆层.电化学性能测试表明,在同样倍率下,以两种碳源制备的LiFePO4/C材料放电比容量高于以单一碳源制备的LiFePO4/C,且表现出优良倍率性能和循环稳定性:在0.1C下的放电比容量达162mAh/g,1C下放电比容量为157mAh/g,循环20次后容量没有任何衰减.     

F掺杂 LiFePO4/C的固相合成及电化学性能

用廉价三价铁离子化合物为铁源,聚丙烯作还原剂和碳源,两步固相法合成F掺杂原位碳包覆LiFePO4正极材料.结果表明,合成产物具有完整的橄榄石型LiFePO4晶体结构,粉末形状近似球形,尺寸分布在50～200nm范围内,两步固相法更好地抑制了LiFePO4晶粒的长大.电化学测试结果表明,F掺杂提高了材料倍率放电性能,有效降低了材料电极的极化.在1C,2C,3C(C为150mA/g)充放电倍率下,LiFePO3.98F0.02/C的比容量分别为146mAh/g,137mAh/g,122mAh/g,1C循环55次后放电容量达到初始容量的99.3%.     

无水溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4/C电极材料及其结构和电化学性能

以乙二醇为溶剂，采用溶胶一凝胶法合成了LiFePO4／C．采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学阻抗谱等分析测试方法，研究了600-750℃范围内合成的LiFePO4／C的微观结构特征、在不同放电倍率下的循环稳定性和放电容量等电化学性能．研究结果表明，合成温度对LiFePO4的结晶状况及LiFePO4／C电极的电化学性能有着显著的影响．700℃烧结的产物结晶完整，颗粒细小（-150nm）均匀，电化学性能有了显著的提高，0．5C的放电容量达到150mAh／g，1C的放电容量仍有141mAh／g，经200个循环，放电容量基本保持不变．     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4/C的合成及性能

用溶胶-凝胶法和微波法相结合制备了碳包裹的LiFePO4/C材料.XRD、SEM和电化学测试表明:真空干燥下微波18min所得样品为橄榄石型非晶结构,粒径在30～100nm,0.2C充放电的首次放电比容量为120mAh/g,第16次循环的比容量为113mAh/g.     

纳米LiFePO4/C复合正极材料的制备及其性能研究

采用碳热还原方法、以不同掺碳(葡萄糖为碳源)方式合成LiFePO4/C复合正极材料,利用X射线衍射仪、高倍率透射电镜以及电池测试仪等手段对样品进行了分析研究,并探讨了不同掺碳方式对复合LiFePO4/C正极材料性能的影响.结果表明,采用湿法加入葡萄糖制备的LiFePO4/C正极材料中LiFePO4的粒径范围在40～80nm左右,为纳米材料尺度,0.05C倍率下首次放电比容量达到160mAh/g,1C倍率下循环50次后,容量衰减仅为1.2%.     

聚乙二醇对磷酸铁锂形貌及电化学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiFePO4。研究了聚乙二醇对LiFePO4材料形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,添加聚乙二醇制备的材料具有更小的粒径,更大的比表面积;该材料以0.2C、1C、5C、10C的倍率放电,首次放电比容量分别达到143.9mAh/g、133.4mAh/g、124.2mAh/g、112.7mAh/g,比没添加聚乙二醇制备的材料具有更好的倍率性能。     

掺碳LiFePO4的合成及性能研究

为提高LiFePO4的电化学性能,通过固相合成法制备了掺碳的LiFePO4正极材料,并用XRD、SEM、电化学工作站及充放电测试等对样品的性能进行了研究分析.结果表明,少量的碳掺杂并未改变LiFePO4的晶体结构但显著改善了其电化学性能,LiFePO4/C样品的粒度较小,粒径分布均匀,0.1C首次放电比容量为141.9mAh/g,循环50次后容量下降了11.2mAh/g,以1C倍率首次放电比容量为126.5mAh/g,循环50次后容量保持率为87.2%.     

三乙二醇辅助液相快速合成高倍率性能的纳米磷酸亚铁锂

以三乙二醇水溶液为反应介质,在常压和108℃条件下,快速生成含有元素Li、Fe、P的前驱体。XRD和SEM分析表明,所得前驱体属于无定形结构,与一定量葡萄糖混合后在600℃下焙烧3h后得到的是纳米级的LiFePO4/C材料。电化学测试结果表明,这种纳米级LiFePO4/C材料在2.3~4.2V之间0.2C倍率下放电容量达到156.3mAh/g,并且具有较好的放电平台。5和10C放电容量仍能达到133.9和109.9mAh/g,表现出优异的倍率放电特性和循环性能。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.