对低发射度储存环真空问题的认识

低束流发射度环的ｌａｔｔｉｃｅ结构是决定真空系统设计指标和方案的重要因素之一。大量插入件使束流的库仑散射寿命成为限制气体散射寿命的主要因素，作者提出了适用于第三代光源的布泵新概念－布泵的终级目标是提高气体散射束流寿命，使环上各处的库仑散射作用截面尽可能一致和较小是提高库仑散射寿命的合理途径，为此，布泵时必须综合考虑影响处训仑散射作用截面的三个因素，即各处的真空室内高度，压力和β函数值，低发射度环磁     

用钛升华泵提高BEPCⅡ同步辐射环真空度

BEPCⅡ同步辐射要求储存环真空室在束流运行时具有较高的真空度,而在供光初期由于束流清扫不够,往往难以达到足够高的真空度,因而束流寿命较低.通过激活同步辐射储存环上的钛升华泵可以明显提高真空度,从而改善束流寿命.     

上海光源储存环真空系统

上海光源储存环真空系统已于2007年底建成并开始运行.这个真空系统采用了双室结构的薄壁不锈钢真空室,其尺寸公差都小于1mm,真空室安装位置公差都小于2mm;分散的吸收器有序排列在抽气室内,把同步辐射光准直并引入光束线,同时吸收废弃的同步辐射光,把热量转移到真空室外;波纹管内的高频屏蔽机构为单指型,避免了指间接触力和磨擦;(SIP+NEG)复合泵、SIP和TSP共用,采用合理的激活NEG泵和升华钛丝的工艺程序,提供了强大的抽速和容量.真空预调试时各段真空室内的极限真空都达到5×10 -9Pa.全环真空室安装并连通后,大部分真空室不烘烤,只烘烤全环真空泵的情况下,极限真空达到2×10 -8Pa.储存环运行在束流剂量260Ah、能量3.5GeV、流强220mA时,动态压强为0.8×10 -7Pa,束流寿命21h,达到了真空系统的设计指标1.33×10 -7Pa.     

NSRL电子储存环超高真空系统残余气体分析

在同步辐射电子储存环中,由于光电解吸的作用,将解吸大量的气体,而储存的束流电子与气体分子的碰撞将引起电子的用射,导致束流寿命的减小,因此残余气体分成为衡量一个电子储存环真空系统性能的重要的指标,本文将介绍有关ＮＳＲＬ储存环真空系统残气分析的部分工作。     

北京正负电子对撞机储存环真空系统运行和改进

目前BEPC储存环真空系统已经运行了十五年,系统运行良好,当有束流存在时,储存环的平均动态压强低于2.6×10-7Pa,束流寿命大于10 h。尽管真空系统部件多,结构复杂,但由于真空泄漏造成停机的次数并不多,大多数的泄漏能在抽真空和系统检漏期间排除。为了提高北京正负电子对撞机的性能,BEPC储存环真空系统进行了一系列的改进,例如,重新改造铝真空盒用来引出同步辐射光束线,在正负电子对撞区安装NEG泵来提高真空度。特别是真空内的扭摆磁铁被安装到储存环真空系统,通过在永久磁块表面镀氮化钛和合理的排气技术,静态压强已经达到了2.6×10-8Pa。     

不锈钢的同步辐射光致脱附

电子储存环真空室壁及相连光束线的同步辐射光致脱附 (PSD)严重影响着束流质量和寿命。不锈钢是加速器真空室最常用的材料 ,合肥光源的真空系统即为不锈钢结构。合肥光源在B6a光出口建立了PSD光束线 ,选用长 12 1cm ,内径8 6cm的 30 4L不锈钢真空室作为首件样品 ,用于测试不锈钢不同表面状态的脱附情况 ,结果表明经辉光放电处理的表面脱附系数最低。     

BEPC储存环真空系统

本文描述了ＢＥＰＣ储存环真空系统的设计、制造和运行。为了使储存环中正负电子的寿命达到８—１０小时，要求真空系统的动态压强低于３×１０－９Ｔｏｒｒ。储存环真空系统的主要气载是由同步辐射光与真空盒壁相互作用产生的。由于弯转的铝真空盒具有容易加工、高的热导性和低的放气率等特性，被广泛应用于真空系统。１１０Ｌ／ｓ的涡轮分子泵机组把系统预抽到１０—６Ｔｏｒｒ左右，主抽泵是工作在弯转磁场中的分布式溅射离子泵。５００Ｌ／ｓ的溅射离子泵安装在特殊的部位，如高频腔，静电分离器以及物理实验区等．１００Ｌ／ｓ离子泵每隔６．５米安装一台，当分市泵不工作时用来维持系统真空．八个全金属闸板阀把真空系统分成八个部份。为了减少由于高次模造成的束流能量损失，要求真空系统光滑过渡。     

旋片式机械真空泵的使用与维修

旋片式机械真空泵是量大面广的最基本的真空获得设备之一。它可单独使用,也可作为高真空设备的前级泵,其工作原理是:该泵是一种容积泵,它借助于旋片将泵腔分成两个气室,不断旋转使气室内气体有规律的膨胀、压缩,最后由排气孔排出。它有单级及双级之分,目前国产单级泵甚少,故以双级泵为主予以介绍。 双级旋片式机械真空泵有两个真空室,即高真空室I和低真空室II,两者前后串联,转子同向等速旋转,低真空室是高真空室的前级在抽大气的瞬间,被抽容器中的气体经过进气管道1进入高真空空.再由气道4进入低真空室,由于此时气体密度大、压力高,分别由…     

不锈钢的同步辐射光致脱附

电子储存环真空室壁及相连光束线的同步辐射致脱附（ＰＳＤ）严重影响着束流质量和寿命。不锈钢是加速器真空室最常用的材料,合肥光源的真空系统即为不锈钢结构。合肥光源在Ｂ６ａ光出口建立了ＰＳＤ光束线,选用长１２１ｃｍ,内径８．６ｃｍ的３０４Ｌ不锈钢真空室作为首件样品,用于测试不锈钢不同表面状态的脱附情况,结果表明经辉光放电处理的表面脱附系数最低。     

NSRL储存环真空系统

国家同步辐射实验室储存环超高真空系统自建成至今已稳定运行了 10年。储存环正常运行时 ,在储存能量 80 0 Me V时储存流强 2 0 0 m A的束流寿命已超过 6 0 0 min。 NSRL正在进行的二期工程 ,要求光源性能有进一步的提高和改善 ,机器达到长期、稳定、可靠运行。为了达到储存环能量 80 0 Me V时储存流强 30 0 m A时的束流寿命 6 0 0 min以上 ,有必要对现有的环真空系统进行改造。本文详细分析了 NSRL真空系统的现状和存在的问题 ,根据光源改造对真空系统的要求 ,提出了具体措施和改进方案     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.