基于PLC的PID控制在SVG电压调节中的应用

简要分析了静止无功发生器（SVG）控制系统的组成和补偿原理。针对SVG电压调节模块,介绍了基于西门子S7—200PLC闭环控制系统中PID数字控制器的原理及PID电压调节控制的实现。实验结果表NS7-200PLC闭环PED控制在SVG应用中可行,对PID工业控制很有参考价值。     

级联H桥SVG控制策略研究

对于H桥级联型SVG,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的无功电流检测法对SVG的输出电流进行检测,采用ip-iq检测法可以有效地检测电网处于平衡或不平衡条件下的无功电流。该文研究了直流侧电压控制方法,由于三相损耗的影响,SVG的直流侧电压采用分层控制,即直流侧整体电压平衡控制、各相电压平衡控制以及各相模块电压平衡控制。其中,电流内环作用于直流电,起到跟踪、补偿无功的作用,电压外环要维持直流侧的整体有功平衡。     

浅论变电站电压无功控制装置的应用与研究

变电站电压无功控制装置是电力系统电压调整和无功优化分配的重要手段之一,笔者结合多年的电网工作实践,对电压无功控制装置进行分析,总结了电压无功控制装置存在的不足,进行分析研究,使得电压无功控制装置运行稳定,有效提高电网供电质量,保证了电力系统的经济性和安全性。     

面向城市电网的SVC控制技术研究与应用

电网的无功补偿平衡对电网电压的稳定性起着重要作用,无功和电压控制方法很多,其中静止无功补偿装置(SVC)具有控制快速,维护简单,效果显著等优点,因此在电力系统中得到广泛应用。阐述SVC的电压控制原理及在城市电网中对电能质量起到的作用。     

浅析变电站电压无功控制装置的设计与应用

变电站电压无功控制装置是电力系统电压调整和无功优化分配的重要手段之一。本文分析了电压无功控制装置的硬件结构设计及应用情况,保证了电力系统的经济性和安全性。     

浅析电网自动化调度的无功电压管理

无功电压管理在电力系统的运行过程中起着至关重要的作用,是对电力系统自动化调度进行合理优化的重要方式。特别是随着我国经济的蓬勃发展,人们的生活水平日益提高,对电力资源的需求量以及利用量都大幅度增加,这就加重了电力系统的负荷。因此,加强对电网自动化调度的无功电压管理极其重要。对无功电压管理工作中存在的问题进行分析研究,提出切实可行的优化策略也极具现实意义。     

变电站电压／无功模糊控制器的设计与实践

本文在硬，软件和控制过程中充分考虑了电压／无功控制的特点性，将模糊控制技术有效地应用在变电站的电压／无功控制中，具有较强的灵活性，适用现场的不同控制要求。     

不同无功控制方式下光伏并网的影响及应对策略

为解决由于光照强度等扰动因素产生的有功出力波动、并网点电压越限、保护动作投切频繁等问题,该文对光伏系统并网时的无功和电压管理策略进行研究。对比目前光伏电站中普遍运用的定功率因数与定电压两种无功控制方式,并利用Matlab对并网光伏发电系统进行建模,研究光照强度扰动下不同无功控制方式对功率特性的影响规律,证明定电压控制方式在电压支撑能力与系统稳定性方面优于恒功率因数控制方式。最后通过青海地区的光伏并网实例进行相关验证并提出应对策略,通过安装SVG等动态无功补偿装置可以提高系统动态调节能力。该研究可为解决大规模光伏并网带来的实际问题提供一定理论和实证参考。     

研究电力系统无功电压就地平衡与控制

电能对于人们的生产生活,具有重大的影响,因此关于电力系统中无功电压就地平衡与控制的问题,也应给予重视。本文针对电力系统无功电压就地平衡与控制,进行简要地分析研究。     

配网无功补偿分析

对配网线路运行特点进行调查,从理论上对无功补偿进行分析,通过控制无功补偿和电压优化,提出配网电力系统运行中的无功配置解决方案,为优质供电提供可靠保证。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.