热声系统内交变流动特性的数值模拟

对热声系统中交变流动的声场与流场分布进行了数值模拟,得到了热声谐振管和回热器(板叠)内的压力和速度分布及二者之间的相位关系.数值模拟表明:在谐振管内,在模拟的边界条件下,径向速度分布出现"环形效应",流动分为核心区的完全湍流流动和湍流边界层内的粘性流动;对于水力半径和粘性渗透层深度相当的热声板叠,其内速度分布逐步出现"环形效应",流动介于层流和湍流的过渡区,为过渡态流动,在流道的大部分区域压力和速度振荡的相位差趋向于π/2;对于水力半径和粘性渗透层深度之比较小的热声回热器,其内交变流动的流动特性与稳态流动的相似,速度的径向分布为抛物线形,类似于定常流动的层流速度分布.     

热声系统的工程优化设计

介绍了热声系统无因次化的工程优化设计数学模型,描述了热声系统的优化算法.对声驱动的热声制冷机和热声发动机两种典型的热声系统的板叠,进行了优化设计计算,得到了两系统中热声板叠的性能和效率曲线,并对影响热声系统性能或效率的因素进行了分析与讨论,优化确定了板叠的结构参数,为热声系统的工程优化设计和性能预测提供了一种有效的方法.     

丝网板叠型驻波热声发动机的工作特性研究

基于线性热声理论设计并搭建了一台丝网型驻波热声发动机,采用不同目数的不锈钢丝网进行试验,考察了丝网板叠几何参数和工作压力对热声发动机工作特性的影响,实验结果和线性热声理论计算结果吻合度较好。实验发现,高目数丝网板叠更容易使系统起振,在实验范围内热声发动机采用不同板叠时的最小起振温度均发生在小充气压力下;在不同的充气压力下,存在最优目数的丝网使得发动机性能最佳。对该台热声发动机而言,最佳的丝网水利半径应为热渗透深度的4.5倍左右。     

驻波热声发动机板叠温度分布的红外观察

为了深入研究热声板叠中的能量流动和分布,采用红外热像仪对自行设计搭建的驻波热声发动机板叠进行了温度场观测,重点分析了起消振过程中板叠的轴向和径向温度分布变化.实验结果表明:在起振时,板叠轴向中部的无量纲温度会出现突然升高并随之保持平稳.通过分析不同板叠安装角度下的板叠温度分布,首次发现自然对流会使起振前板叠的径向温度分...     

开式循环热声原理研究

稳定的开发流与热声循环的振荡流进行叠加,使开环流既是过程介质又是工作介质直接参与热声循环,从而构成开式热声系统,它具有与传统热声系统不同的热声作用机理。在开发式循环热声系统中,热声板叠中的温度分布和热流分布均发生有意义的改变。开式的循环声系统具有结构简单可靠、成本低和热效率高等特点,因而具有十分广阔的热声研究与应用前景。本文主要介绍了开式循环热声系统的工作机理和其网络模型。     

行波型热声发动机的数值模拟实验

首次采用有限元法(FEM),对行波型热声发动机实验系统进行了数值模拟,以线性热声理论作为计算模型,且与实验系统具有相同的几何结构和运行工况,同时采用有限元方法中的加权余量法对计算模型进行求解,通过自主编写的MATLAB计算程序,对热声系统进行一系列的迭代计算,计算结果成功观测到了行波型热声发动机系统内复杂的声场分布特性和流场特性。计算结果与实验结果的对比验证了有限元方法对行波型热声发动机模拟的有效性。     

回热器的热声指标

在热声谐振管中,回热管的结构尺寸对于热声谐振管的性能起着关键的作用。本文通过分析得出了采用板叠结构的回热器的有源网络模型,并在此基础上提出了评价回热器性能的指标;输出端放空时的输入阻抗,输出端封闭时的输入阻抗,输出端放空时的正向流放大倍数,以此为基础可以进行热声制冷机的整机优化匹配设计。     

回热器填料热声特性研究--网络模型算法的应用和验证

采用网络模型计算热声热机系统的输出声功率。对不同回热器填料以及对同种回热器在不同间距和不同振荡压力比条件下进行了数值计算，计算结果表明：在其它相同条件下，针束型回热器热机系统输出声功率比板叠回热器热机高。     

凹槽结构对冲击射流流场和声场特性的影响研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法探究了开槽斜板对射流冲击噪声及壁面横向射流尾迹的影响,并分析了其降噪机理。试验方面,采用PIV技术和远场传声器弧阵列在半消声室内测量了冲击射流流场和声场特性,数值模拟则采用分离涡模拟方法(detached-eddy simulation,DES)和FW-H声学比拟法相结合的混合方法,数值结果与流场/声场试验测量结果吻合较好。研究发现:冲击斜板的存在增加了冲击射流流场上游方向的声辐射;所有压比下,斜板表面凹槽结构都能够明显抑制横向流动,但只在NPR>2.5时,开槽斜板才能较好的抑制冲击射流噪声;开槽斜板主要是降低2500 Hz附近的纯音幅值,对3500~4500 Hz内的多个纯音基本不产生影响,因为凹槽结构会耗散掉冲击射流滞止区内的旋涡对,但不会影响射流剪切层涡脱落频率(3750 Hz)及该频率附近的纯音;开槽斜板对横向流动的抑制效果高达46%,且不同槽宽、槽深的开槽斜板均能够有效控制冲击射流横向流动尾迹。     

来流作用下板表面声辐射频率的影响因素分析

采用Ansys Workbench 15.0自带DM模块构建来流作用下的板模型,利用MESH模块划分网格,以及System Coupling模块进行流固耦合计算,验证数值模拟的可靠性,并对影响板表面声辐射频率的因素进行分析。数值模拟与分析结果表明,在来流作用下的板模型中,板表面声辐射主要由平行于来流方向的脉动压力产生,与壁面上垂直于来流方向的脉动压力、板后的大涡、板的固有频率无关;来流作用下板表面声辐射的基频与来流作用下板振动的基频、板后空腔的基频相同,是板后大涡基频的两倍;在大涡外且不在板后空腔的流场区域内,脉动压力无基频存在;在大涡模拟已经趋于统计稳定的情况下,FW-H与LES的非同步计算可以达到和同步计算一样的效果。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.