Tribological properties of woven para-aramid fabrics and their constituent yarns

The tribological behaviours of woven fabrics made from Kevlar® (DuPont's registered trademark) yarns of different linear densities were compared with the friction properties of their constituent yarns with different surface treatments. The latter were examined with a traditional friction meter, and the woven fabrics were studied with a pin-on-disc tribometer in alternate and continuous sliding mode. Scoured fabrics, a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-coated fabric, and fabrics made of surface-treated yarns (polysiloxane oil, hydrophobic paraffin or ester oil lubricant) were compared. These treatments are not representative of commercial Kevlar® yarn finishes but are suitable models for simulating various tribological situations. Both the yarn texture and the surface treatment have an influence on friction coefficient values. Relative humidity affects the friction coefficient only in the case of hydrophilic surfaces, whereas hydrophobic surfaces exhibit fairly constant tribological characteristics. The largest impact on friction seems to be evidenced by the linear density factor. This comparative tribological analysis could lead the way to correlations between yarn friction, weaving performance and woven structure tribological characteristics.     

Ni-Al基自润滑复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能

本文采用粉末冶金的方法制备了Ni-Al基自润滑复合材料并研究了烧结温度对复合材料的机械及摩擦性能的影响,同时讨论了复合材料在不同试验条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,烧结温度越高,复合材料的致密性和显微硬度越高,摩擦性能也越稳定。在摩擦磨损试验过程中,试验载荷和频率对复合材料的摩擦性能也有一定影响,在其它参数不变的情况下,载荷越大,自润滑材料的摩擦系数越小;频率越大,材料的摩擦系数越大。加入5wt.%鳞片状石墨后,Ni-Al复合材料的硬度明显降低,摩擦系数在室温和600℃有不同程度的降低。     

基于ARM微处理器的气动变载荷摩擦磨损试验机测控系统

针对不同固体材料在不同条件下的摩擦磨损实验要求,设计了一种基于ARM微处理器的气动变载荷摩擦磨损试验机测控系统。采用气动加载方式,加载形式包括正弦波、方波、锯齿波、三角波、随机波等。气动加载采用Fuzzy-PID闭环控制,提高了动态加载性能。可通过测量实验中的摩擦力、摩擦系数、磨损量、温度、振动等参数来研究变载荷对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。最后对A3钢材料的摩擦磨损性能进行试验,证明该试验机性能稳定,测控系统准确可靠。     

Tribological response of sterilized and un-sterilized orthodontic wires

The aim of this work was first to study frictional forces between brackets and different arch wires, second to determine the influence of sterilization and surface treatment on the orthodontic arch wire friction coefficient. One type of bracket was chosen (stainless steel) and four kinds of wires were tested (NiTi and Ti–Mo alloys). Half of the wires were sterilized by autoclaving. Vickers hardness and roughness measurements were performed on each surface. The friction coefficient was calculated for various bracket/wire pairs at different times during the tribological test. EDX-SEM analysis was performed before and after friction tests on the surfaces and on wear debris.It was shown that TMA samples' friction coefficient and hardness are higher than those of NiTi whereas roughness is lower. The overall results highlighted two types of tribological response: abrasive and adhesive behavior. The sterilization process and surface treatment induced no significant modification of the tribological properties of any of the samples. Thus, it is important to encourage dental practitioners to practice autoclaving onto arch wires before clinical application; however, these results did not show clearly the advantage of using surface treated wires (no details available on the treatment process).     

石墨化度对2.5D碳/碳复合材料在低能条件下的摩擦学性能影响

在MM-200型摩擦磨损实验机上,对2.5D编织结构的不同石墨化度的碳/碳(C/C)复合材料进行低能条件下的摩擦磨损实验,用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面形貌进行了观察分析.结果表明:石墨化温度升高到一定值之后,可使摩擦系数下降,而试样的摩擦系数不稳定,相应磨损量也会增大.在摩擦初始时,摩擦系数呈现交错变化,随时间的推移,摩擦系数出现分化,石墨化度高的试样摩擦系数较低,当石墨化度增加50%时,磨损率增加0.05%,磨损量变化不是很大.石墨化程度以及石墨化的均匀程度都对材料的摩擦磨损性能有很大影响.     

hBN含量对Si3N4-hBN复相陶瓷性能和微观结构的影响

利用纳米级粉体经热压烧结制备了Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷, 研究了hBN含量对Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷致密度、力学性能、摩擦学性能、微观结构的影响。用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法和维氏压痕法测量材料的致密度、力学性能; 用摩擦磨损试验机测试材料的摩擦学性能; 用XRD、EDAX和SEM、LSCM分析观察材料的物相组成和微观结构。研究结果表明, 随着hBN含量的增加, 复相陶瓷的密度将会持续下降, 气孔率先是急剧上升, 然后趋于平缓, 力学性能持续下降, 干摩擦条件下复相陶瓷与GCr15配副的摩擦学性能呈现先提高后降低的趋势, 当hBN含量低于20wt%时, 随着hBN含量的增加, 摩擦系数和磨损率逐渐减小; 当hBN含量大于20wt%时, 摩擦系数和磨损率急剧增大; hBN含量为20wt%时, 获得最低的摩擦系数为0.31。hBN的引入直接影响Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷的微观组织结构, 进而影响复合陶瓷的力学性能和摩擦学性能。     

制动盘对盘形制动摩擦性能的影响

在l：l惯性力矩制动试验台上研究了蠕墨铸铁制动盘和灰铸铁制动盘与所研制的合成材料闸片配副时的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明制动盘材质对摩擦性能有很大的影响：所研制的合成材料闸片与灰铸铁盘配副的摩擦副具有较小的速度、压力敏感性，较高的摩擦系数，较低的制动盘表面温度，但闸片的磨损量较大。     

加载参数对TiN涂层摩擦磨损行为的影响

TiN薄膜广泛应用于低速轴承、钟表齿轮等环境中,而微载、低速条件下TiN薄膜的摩擦学特性是其重要服役性能之一.采用球盘式干滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究了多弧离子镀TiN薄膜在微载、低速条件下的摩擦磨损特性.研究表明:在本试验范围内,薄膜的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而升高,磨盘转速和转动半径对摩擦系数基本没有影响;载荷、磨盘转速的升高缩短了材料的磨合时间,而转动半径的增加延长了磨合距离.磨损以对磨钢球的犁削磨损为主,磨损体积随转动半径的增加而增加.     

高填充Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的摩擦学特性

利用凝胶注模方法可以制备出高填充含量的Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料。考察了PTFE对高填充聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，并对复合材料的磨损机理进行了探讨。研究表明．在适当高的填充条件下．复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能可以得到一定的改善，PTFE的填充将降低Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的力学性能，并使材料的摩擦系数有所增大；但是复合材料的耐磨特性可以得到显著改善。高填充含量的PTFE-Al2O3聚丙烯酰胺复合材料表现出了摩阻材料特性。Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损特征。     

QT600材料表面离子镀AlCrN涂层的耐磨性能研究

采用多弧离子镀膜的方法在空压机转子QT600表面制备AlCrN涂层,详细研究干滑动摩擦条件下,不同载荷对涂层和基体的滑动摩擦学特性。研究结果表明:转子基体的磨损形式主要为黏着与磨粒磨损,载荷越高,磨粒磨损越严重;AlCrN涂层在2N载荷下的磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,在8N载荷下主要为黏着与磨粒磨损。     

A sensor for measurement of friction coefficient on moving flexible surfaces

Measurement of coefficient of friction between surfaces is of interest in numerous engineering applications. Although laboratory tests of material samples in tribological systems are used to measure the friction coefficient, on-line friction measurement on newly manufactured surfaces, or between two interacting surfaces of interest, is nonexistent. In this paper, we describe a new sensor, called the tribosensor, that accomplishes real-time friction coefficient measurement between materials, where one of the two materials in the tribological pair is being processed or manufactured at high speeds, such as in paper, plastics, aluminum, and other flexible materials. This paper discusses the operating principle of the sensor, design configuration, and performance characterization. Comparison with traditional off-line laboratory measurements is also presented.     

Tribologische Untersuchung bionischer und mikrostrukturierter Funktionsflächen

An established concept adjusting tribological properties and for increasing the wear resistance is presented by coatings. In addition to the material adaption of surfaces, there are efforts of applying structures on tool active parts in order to allow a further adjustment on the property profile. For this reason, the presented article investigates the influence of bionic and technologically textured surfaces on the friction and wear behavior with and without near‐net shaped wear‐resistant PVD coatings. Based on the example of nature, a honeycombed surface structure discovered on the head of scarab beetles as well as a dimple structure optimized for the manufacturing time were transferred on HSS steel by means of micro‐milling. The analyses focus on the influence of the surface structures, the effects of PVD coatings and their interactions on the friction and wear behavior. The investigations show that the tribological properties depend on each surface structure and the material pairing. Both the technological and the bionic structures show a reduction of the friction coefficient in combination with the material pairing 100Cr6 and WCCo compared to polished samples. Furthermore, it is shown that the CrAlN coating has no influence on the friction behavior, but rather leads to the desired increase in the wear resistance.     

各向同性磁流变橡胶材料的摩擦实验研究

分别从宏观和微观角度研究磁场对各向同性磁流变橡胶摩擦性能的影响.搭建了磁流变橡胶的摩擦实验平台,在外加磁场下进行滑动摩擦实验.实验结果表明,磁流变橡胶在轻载且低速条件下,摩擦系数随正压力增大呈减小趋势,而且磁场会使得磁流变橡胶表面的摩擦系数减小,且减小趋势随羰基铁粉体积比的增加呈现非线性变化,当羰基铁粉体积比为10％、正压力为0.25N、磁场强度为250 mT时,其摩擦系数变化最大,减小约25％.通过金相显微镜进一步观测施加磁场前后的磁流变橡胶表面,检测表明磁场使得羰基铁粉在磁流变橡胶表面产生聚集,从而使其表面材料属性及微结构发生变化,该变化是促使磁流变橡胶的摩擦性能发生改变的重要原因.     

基于正交设计的纳米蛇纹石-纳米氧化镧/聚四氟乙烯复合材料在沙尘环境下的摩擦学性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为基体,采用正交实验法研究了纳米蛇纹石(nano Serpentine)、纳米氧化镧 (nano La₂O₃)和环境三种因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。采用自制沙尘模拟装置改进现有的 MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料进行摩擦学实验。通过SEM观察试样磨损表面和转移膜形貌,分析nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料磨损机制。结果表明:环境因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数影响最大,干摩擦摩擦系数比沙尘环境下摩擦系数低;nano Serpentine含量对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的磨损率影响最大,当nano Serpentine质量分数为9wt%时,nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的总体磨损率最低。nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,沙尘环境的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。      

非平衡磁控溅射类金刚石碳膜的性能

用非平衡磁控溅射的方法在室温下制备了光滑、均匀、致密的类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,分析和研究了DLC膜的形貌、结构和摩擦特性.结果表明,靶工作电流对DLC膜的沉积有重要的影响.随着工作电流的增大,薄膜的沉积速率增大,薄膜中sp3键的含量增加.薄膜的摩擦系数随着工作电流的增加略有增大,在摩擦的初始阶段,摩擦系数较高,随着摩擦循环次数的增加,摩擦系数逐渐减小,并逐渐趋于稳定.     

Ermittlung charakterisierender Kennwerte für reibschlüssige Verbindungen

In technical systems, friction-locking connection components are frequently applied at exposed positions in order to enable force and torque transition. Since the failure of the connection usually causes the collapse of the complete system, reliable dimensioning is indispensable. The most important and at the same time most uncertain parameter is the static coefficient of friction, which is subject to high scatter as is generally known. The priority objective of the AiF/DFG research cluster GECKO was therefore the detection of the parameters which have a significant influence on the friction and the maximization of the static coefficient of friction by means of qualified surface methods. At the same time, functional correlations are supposed to be established between the geometrical and tribological properties, and characteristic values are expected to be derived for the definition of the geometric properties. Below, results from the research cluster GECKO will be introduced in part.     

芯轴式摩擦支撑滞回能量耗散模型及热效应影响参数研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对所提出的芯轴式摩擦支撑的构造特点,建立了滑动摩擦动热转换的滞回能量耗散模型,研究了摩擦生热对芯轴式摩擦支撑性能的影响,分析了初始摩擦力、摩擦片厚度、摩擦芯轴比热容和摩擦系数等因素对芯轴式摩擦支撑的力学性能和温度场的影响规律,给出了摩擦支撑在摩擦生热影响下的摩擦力增长值理论计算公式,并通过数值分析结果进行了验证。分析结果表明芯轴式摩擦支撑在摩擦过程中温度不断上升,高温区主要集中在摩擦芯轴和摩擦片的摩擦接触面上,并且随着摩擦片厚度、初始摩擦力和摩擦系数的增加,摩擦热效应越明显,随着材料比热容的增加,摩擦热效应下降。     

Analysis of plastic deformation in diamond like carbon films-steel substrate system with tribological tests

The influence of plastic deformation of the substrate on the tribological properties of diamond like carbon (DLC) films was investigated in DLC films-steel substrate system. The tribological properties of DLC films deposited on different hardness steel were evaluated by a ball on disk rotating-type friction tester at room temperature under different environments. In dry nitrogen, DLC films on soft steel exhibited excellent tribological properties, especially obvious under high load (such as 20 N and 50 N). However, DLC films on hard steel were worn out quickly at load of 20 N. Plastic deformation was observed on soft steel after tribological tests. The width and depth of plastic deformation track increased with increase of the experimental load. Super low friction and no measurable wear were kept in good condition even large plastic deformation under high load conditions in DLC films-soft steel system. In open air, DLC films on soft steel exhibited high coefficient of friction and DLC films on ball were worn out quickly. Plastic deformation was not observed on soft steel because the contact area increased and the thick hardened layer on contact surface were formed by DLC films and debris particles together on the steel substrate. The wear track on steel became deep and wide with increase of loads and DLC films were worn out. The experimental results showed that super low friction and high wear resistance of DLC films on soft steel can be attributed to the good adhesion and plastic deformation. Plastic deformation played an active role in the tribological properties of DLC films on soft steel in the present work.     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料, 采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响, 并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析。结果表明: 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料; 空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大, 但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大; 15%空心微珠-10%碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳; 随着滑动速度提高, 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降, 磨损率增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升, 而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损, 在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

The evaluation of the micro-tracks and micro-dimples on the tribological characteristics of thrust ball bearings

One of the primary remedies for tribological problems is surface modification. The reduction of the friction between the ball and the raceway of bearings is a very important goal of the development of bearing technology. A low friction has a positive effect in terms of the extension of the fatigue life, avoidance of a temperature rise, and prevention of premature failure of bearings. Therefore, this research sought to investigate the effects of micro-tracks and micro-dimples on the tribological characteristics at the contact point between the ball and the raceway of thrust ball bearings (TBBs). The ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology was applied using different intervals (feed rates) to the TBB raceway surface to create micro-tracks and micro-dimples. The friction coefficient after UNSM at 50 microm intervals showed marked sensitivity and a significant reduction of 30%. In this study, the results showed that more micro-dimples yield a lower friction coefficient.