β修正分光光度法测定废水痕量银

在碱性溶液中，非离子表面活性剂──乳化剂OP存在下，银与对二甲基苄基罗丹宁（PDR）显色生成极红色配合物，溶于水相。本文研究应用双波长β修正分析理论直接测定水相中微量银。银0～1.6mg/l浓度范围，修正吸光度Ac遵守比耳定律。废水测定表明方法相对标准偏差RSDS4≤4％，加标回收率94.5％～106％。银最低检测浓度0.02mg／l。     

电镀废水膜回用组合工艺及工程实例

介绍了电镀废水高效重金属去除—膜回用组合工艺的设计思路和工艺流程,可实现电镀废水的高回收率和回用。实际工程结果表明：在电镀废水的各类重金属离子浓度为TCr15—20mg／L;Zn^2＋230-480mg／L;Cu^2＋70-120mg／L;NP280—590mg／L,电导率为5000μs／cm时,RO／NF系统可实现95％的水量回收。回用水可稳定达到：重金属离子无法检出,电导率低于250μs／cm。运行结果表明该组合工艺可有效实现电镀废水的减量化和资源化,且系统运行稳定。     

超声协同TiO2光催化降解氯苯废水的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料，采用超声法制备了纳米TiO2，以该TiO2作为光催化剂，对模拟氯苯废水进行超声光催化降解研究，考察了TiO2的加入量、氯苯的初始浓度、溶液pH值、过氧化氢的浓度等对氯苯降解率的影响。结果表明，pH值对氯苯的超声光催化影响较小，H2O2的浓度、氯苯的初始浓度影响较大。在TiO2质量浓度为200mg／L、氯苯质量浓度为110．6mg／L、pH为7．0、反应时间为90min的条件下，氯苯降解率可达92．94％。探讨了氯苯TiO2光催化降解的机理，氯苯超声光催化降解的中间产物主要是邻氯苯酚和间氯苯酚。     

乳状液膜法制备草酸稀土

系统研究了在乳状液膜内水相直接制备草酸稀土的方法，讨论了内水相草酸浓度、表面活性剂浓度、载体浓度、外水相酸度和外水相稀土浓度对迁移率的影响，找到了制备草酸稀土的最佳条件，草酸稀土经灼烧所得的氧化物含ＲＥ２Ｏ３〉９９．５％，与萃取法相比，此方法具有成本低、能耗少、污染程度低的特点，具有工业化前景。     

聚苯胺/银复合薄膜的制备及其耐蚀性能

为了研究聚苯胺(PANI)/银复合薄膜对不锈钢的防腐蚀性能,采用循环伏安法在不锈钢表面沉积一层Ag后,再通过对苯胺的电化学聚合制备了PANI膜。利用阳极极化法和交流阻抗法研究了PANI/Ag复合膜的耐蚀性及其影响因素。结果表明:在0.1 mol/L NaC l溶液中,不锈钢覆盖复合膜后的自腐蚀电位比无膜时有所提高,其耐蚀性能得到增强;电化学聚合溶液浓度、扫描速率及扫描上限等因素对复合膜耐蚀性的影响情况为:电解液中苯胺和硫酸浓度过高或过低都会影响膜的致密度,从而影响复合膜的耐蚀性;电化学参数的变化会影响复合膜的聚合速率,使复合膜的抗腐蚀能力不同;当苯胺单体浓度为0.2 mol/L、硫酸浓度为1 mol/L、扫描电位上限为1 V、扫描次数为50次、扫描速率为50 mV/s时,采用循环伏安法聚合苯胺,可形成沉积致密度高、耐蚀性好的复合膜。     

高效降解苯胺的菌株AD9的分离、生理生化特性分析和分子鉴定

从活性污泥中分离到一株能以苯胺为唯一碳源、氮源生长的苯胺降解菌株AD9,该菌株最适生长的苯胺浓度为1000mg／L,降解效率可达90％,对苯胺耐受程度高达4500mg/L,降解苯胺的最适pH值为7．0,最适温度为30℃。以上实验结果表明,AD9具有降解苯胺速率快、耐受苯胺浓度高的特性。该菌具有氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素和利福平抗性,无氯霉素、四环素抗性,其16SrDNA序列与多株Delftia sp．菌有很高的同源性,其G＋C含量为66．8mol％,非常接近于标准菌株D．tsuruhatensis T7（66．2mol％）。另外该菌和17的DNA-DNA杂交率为83．8％。结合AD9的表型鉴定将该菌株归属为D．tsuruhatensisas。这是D．tsuruhatensis菌种苯胺降解细菌菌株的首次报道。     

头发中9种碱性染料的HPLC-DAD检测方法

文中建立了HPLC-DAD同时测定头发中碱性橙31等9种碱性染料的方法。方法以甲醇为提取溶剂,采用xB—c18柱,以乙腈-0．02mol／L乙酸铵（含0．05％甲酸）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测。试验的平均回收率为93．9％～102．5％,相对标准偏差为1．2％～3．5％,最低检测浓度为0．15～0．60mg／kg。结果表明该方法前处理简单、快速,适用于测定头发中碱性橙3l等9种碱性染料组分的含量。     

液膜接触法处理含铜废水的实验研究

探讨以P204为流动载体的液体表面活性剂膜从酸性水溶液中分离二价铜离子的过程，并对影响二价铜离子透过液膜的重要变量进行分析，这些变量主要是外部水相中的起始铜浓度、外相溶液中的起始pH值、液膜流动载体浓度、乳水比、内相峻浓度等．实验结果表明：较佳膜相组成的液膜能把废水溶液中铜离子浓度从100mg/L降到0．9mg/L;铜萃取率大于99％．     

微观调控对二氧化钛光催化性能的影响

采用水热法,以钛酸四丁酯为原料制备形貌可控的TiO2纳米颗粒。利用HCl调控水热反应溶液的H+浓度,实现了对TiO2晶型的调控;通过改变钛酸丁酯与硫酸的反应时间,实现了对TiO2晶面的调控。采用多种表征手段对TiO2的晶型和晶面进行表征。通过在LED灯下降解10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液测定TiO2的光催化性能。研究结果表明:在晶型调控的实验中随着HCI浓度的增大,锐钛矿相和板钛矿相的比例逐渐减小,金红石相逐渐增大。当HCl浓度为0.5mol/L时锐钛矿比例约为75%,此时TiO2的光催化性能最好。控制晶面的实验中,钛酸丁酯与硫酸的反应促进了{001}高能面的暴露,在反应时间为15h时TiO2的光催化性能最好。     

EDI对于去除太空用水中弱电解质--氨的研究

研究了太空站水的总循环开发中EDI膜堆电流、进水的总氨浓度、进水流量等因素对EDI去除氨的影响,并对各影响因素进行了解释．实验结果显示：在氨进水质量浓度高达208．3mg／L的情况下,出水总氨的质量浓度为0．072mg／L,EDI对氨的去除率为99．97％．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.