基于BP-DBN的认知网络端到端态势评估算法

文中提出了一种基于BP-深度信念网络（ BP-DBN）的端到端态势评估算法,实现网络端到端态势等级判定。基于提出的分布式态势评估架构,使用BP-DBN分别构建认知域网元评估值、局部态势评估值和端到端态势评估值三者间的映射关系,最后实现端到端态势等级定性评估。实验结果表明,基于少量标记训练样本,BP-DBN测试错误率低,能够保证评估准确性,同时提出的评估算法能够有效评估端到端网络态势等级。     

基于ResNet-BLSTM的端到端语音识别

基于深度学习的端到端语音识别模型中,由于模型的输入采用固定长度的语音帧,造成时域信息和部分高频信息损失进而导致识别率不高、鲁棒性差等问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于残差网络与双向长短时记忆网络相结合的模型,该模型采用语谱图作为输入,同时在残差网络中设计并行卷积层,提取不同尺度的特征,然后进行特征融合,最后采用连接时序分类方法进行分类,实现一个端到端的语音识别模型。实验结果表明,该模型在Aishell-1语音集上字错误率相较于传统端到端模型的WER下降2.52%,且鲁棒性较好。     

基于HOPE-CTC的端到端语音识别

为增强端到端语音识别模型的鲁棒性和特征提取的有效性,对瓶颈特征提取网络进行研究,提出采用基于联合优化正交投影和估计的端到端语音识别模型.通过连接时序分类损失函数训练瓶颈特征提取网络,摆脱对语言学和对齐信息的先验知识的依赖,在解码输出部分添加注意力机制,实现两种不同的端到端模型的融合.在中文数据集AISHELL-1上的实验结果表明,与传统识别模型相比,该改进端到端模型更适用于带噪语音的识别任务.     

视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划综述

视觉感知模块能够利用摄像机等视觉传感器获取丰富的图像和视频信息,进而检测自动驾驶汽车视野中的车辆、行人与交通标识等信息,是自动驾驶最有效、成本最低的感知方式之一。运动规划为自主车辆提供从车辆初始状态到目标状态的一系列运动参数和驾驶动作,而端到端的模型能够直接从感知的数据获取车辆的运动参数,因而受到广泛的关注。为了全面反映视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划方法的研究进展,本文对国内外公开发表的具有代表性和前沿的论文进行了概述。首先分析端到端方法的应用,以及视觉感知和运动规划在端到端自动驾驶中的作用,然后以自主车辆的学习方式作为分类依据,将视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划的实现方法分为模仿学习和强化学习两大类,并对各类方法的不同算法进行了归纳和分析;考虑到现阶段端到端模型的研究面临着虚拟到现实的任务,故对基于迁移学习的方法进行了梳理。最后列举与自动驾驶相关的数据集和仿真平台,总结存在的问题和挑战,对未来的发展趋势进行思考和展望。视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划模型的普适性强且结构简单,这类方法具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值,但是存在不可解释和难以保证绝对安全的问题,未来需要更多的研究改善端到端模型存在的局限性。     

基于日志的客户感知问题辅助分析系统的应用研究

智能手机的移动业务和移动互联网应用直接影响客户感知,通过挖掘网络日志与手机日志对客户感知问题分析的支撑作用,提出基于日志的客户感知问题辅助分析系统。该系统通过采集、分类和统计,提供异常事件告警和智能分析。通过对上网和彩倩业务的应用实践表明,该系统能提供准确、有效的日志信息,为分析和定位问题提供端到端的数据支持。该系统和思路可扩展应用于长期演进网络的客户感知问题辅助分析。     

基于深度视觉注意神经网络的端到端自动驾驶模型

针对现有端到端自动驾驶方法中存在的驾驶指令预测不准确、模型结构体量大和信息冗余多等问题,提出一种新的基于深度视觉注意神经网络的端到端自动驾驶模型。为了更有效地提取自动驾驶场景的特征,在端到端自动驾驶模型中引入视觉注意力机制,将卷积神经网络、视觉注意层和长短期记忆网络进行融合,提出一种深度视觉注意神经网络。该网络模型能够有效提取驾驶场景图像的空间特征和时间特征,并关注重要信息且减少信息冗余,实现用前向摄像机输入的序列图像来预测驾驶指令的端到端自动驾驶。利用模拟驾驶环境的数据进行训练和测试,该模型在乡村路、高速路、隧道和山路四个场景中对方向盘转向角预测的均方根误差分别为0.009 14、0.009 48、0.002 89和0.010 78,均低于对比用的英伟达公司提出的方法和基于深度级联神经网络的方法;并且与未使用视觉注意力机制的网络相比,该模型具有更少的网络层数。     

基于GhostNet的端到端红外和可见光图像融合方法

现有的基于深度学习的红外和可见光图像融合方法大多基于人工设计的融合策略,难以为复杂的源图像设计一个合适的融合策略.针对上述问题,文中提出基于GhostNet的端到端红外和可见光图像融合方法.在网络结构中使用Ghost模块代替卷积层,形成一个轻量级模型.损失函数的约束使网络学习到适应融合任务的图像特征,从而在特征提取的同时完成融合任务.此外,在损失函数中引入感知损失,将图像的深层语义信息应用到融合过程中.源图像通过级联输入深度网络,在经过带有稠密连接的编码器提取图像特征后,通过解码器的重构得到融合结果.实验表明,文中方法在主观对比和客观图像质量评价上都有较好表现.     

一种异构无线网络融合环境下的端到端QoS模型

提出了一种在异构无线网络融合环境下的端到端QoS模型。讨论了异构无线网络融合系统的架构,分析了在网络融合环境中提供端到端QoS保证的难点,提出了一种动态的、标准化的、基于多径接收端控制协议R2CP的端到端QoS支持模型,并以3G/WLAN融合系统作为典型应用环境来描述该模型。     

基于信息熵的IP网端到端行为分析与建模

具有开放、分布式、不协作、异构、无中心控制等特点的Internet复杂巨系统的管理、容量规划、新一代网络体系结构设计与分析和性能预测都离不开对网络行为的充分理解。而端到端行为作为网络行为的一个重要组成部分,具有一定的研究价值。该文利用信息熵原理建立用于分析端到端整体宏观行为的信息熵模型,该模型能很好地反映端到端整体宏观行为与链路上各节点的状态概率之间关系,根据该模型可以分析端到端链路上各节点之间的相互作用关系以及它们是如何引起端到端整体宏观行为的。最后,给出了该模型的有效性和稳定性定量分析的判别式。     

一个优化的IP-DiffServ端到端定量QoS管理机制

提出了一个IP-DiffServ网络的端到端定量QoS管理机制。它基于用户在市场上评估行为,提出了一个选择方案的优化度评估公式,从用户的利益出发,提出了一个基于最大优化度原则的QoS分割算法。它不但可以为用户的业务或业务应用提供端到端的定量QoS保证,还可以提高它们的性能价格比。实验结果很好地验证了该协商机制的优点。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.