高精度连续人脸轮廓提取

提取连续且高精度的人脸轮廓线是很多图像应用重要的基础步骤.然而很多现有的轮廓提取方法并不能很好地应用在人脸轮廓上.为此提出一种快速可靠的人脸轮廓提取方法,能够在关键点提供初始化后提取到高精度连续人脸轮廓线.其主要步骤是先拟合关键点形成一条初始化曲线,沿其密集采样重叠的矩形区域,将整个人脸轮廓区域划分成很多小的区域;然后在每个局部的矩形区域提取出一条抛物线引导基于梯度的局部人脸轮廓线;最后从很多局部人脸轮廓线中,通过全局融合找到最终的人脸轮廓线.这种交叉验证的机制保证了最后结果的正确性.最后在LFPW和HELEN人脸数据集上进行了实验,结果表明文中方法能有效地提高人脸轮廓提取的精度.     

人脸边缘自适应搜索算法及仿真研究

人脸轮廓线提取是人脸识别中极为重要的内容，一种可靠、精确的人脸边缘提取算法对于身份鉴定技术等方面具有重要的应用价值。该文基于传统的边缘提取算法提出了一种自适应搜索轮廓线算法，首先基于人脸检测结果确定内外轮廓及搜索路径，然后对于每一条搜索路径提取出真正的轮廓点，最后利用人脸轮廓的平滑性通过曲线拟合完成轮廓线提取。该文以彩色人脸图像库数据为例，快速、准确地得到人脸轮廓线。仿真试验结果表明，该算法能在保持边缘检测精度的情况下，克服了噪声对轮廓特征提取的影响，并且对于姿势变化有一定的鲁棒性，具有一定的应用价值。     

基于肤色模型和中线定位的人脸检测算法

由于外貌、肤色、表情等不同,会导致较高的人脸检测漏检率和误检率。为此,提出一种基于肤色模型和中线定位的多姿态人脸检测算法。利用肤色特征快速排除大部分背景区域,根据人脸的显性特征分割出人脸候选区域,并对边缘检测后的图像进行投影,使用中线定位法实现多姿态人脸的检测与定位。实验结果表明,该算法能实现多姿态人脸的快速检测,黑发单个人脸检测的检测率达93.3%,鲁棒性较强。     

基于三维模型的人脸姿态估计

提出了一种基于三维模型的人脸姿态估计方法。首先根据人脸特征点重建出稀疏的三维人脸模型,然后基于三维模型采用线性回归的方法对人脸姿态进行初步估计,确定姿态范围,再对估计结果进行修正,从而对人脸姿态进行精确估计。实验表明,该方法具有较好的估计效果,提高了姿态估计精度。     

多姿态小目标人脸检测算法研究

由于人脸在不同的环境.背景等情况下有着不同的视觉效果,同时人脸本身有着细致复杂的模式变化,一般传统的检测方法都是针对正面五官清晰的人脸,而对于多姿态或小目标人脸检测效果不佳,由此提出了一种在光线补偿下基于人脸和头发几何约束的检测算法.该算法首先分别依据肤色和发色的色彩空间模型分割出目标区域,再利用几何约束特点检测出人脸.实验结果表明,相比于特征提取和模板匹配的人脸检测算法,该算法对于五官模糊的小目标人脸以及面部特征不齐全的多姿态人脸具有较高的检测精度.     

对表情鲁棒的面部轮廓线3维人脸识别

目的表情变化是3维人脸识别面临的主要问题。为克服表情影响,提出了一种基于面部轮廓线对表情鲁棒的3维人脸识别方法。方法首先,对人脸进行预处理,包括人脸区域切割、平滑处理和姿态归一化,将所有的人脸置于姿态坐标系下;然后,从3维人脸模型的半刚性区域提取人脸多条垂直方向的轮廓线来表征人脸面部曲面;最后,利用弹性曲线匹配算法计算不同3维人脸模型间对应的轮廓线在预形状空间(preshape space)中的测地距离,将其作为相似性度量,并且对所有轮廓线的相似度向量加权融合,得到总相似度用于分类。结果在FRGC v2.0数据库上进行识别实验,获得97.1%的Rank-1识别率。结论基于面部轮廓线的3维人脸识别方法,通过从人脸的半刚性区域提取多条面部轮廓线来表征人脸,在一定程度上削弱了表情的影响,同时还提高了人脸匹配速度。实验结果表明,该方法具有较强的识别性能,并且对表情变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Level Set方法的人脸轮廓提取

人脸轮廓提取在诸如安全检查,保安管理、交通电子监控、机器人研究等方面有着十分重要的应用价值.先利用图像背景差分法快速检测出人脸的初始矩形轮廓线,然后采用Level Set方法对视频图像进行人脸轮廓提取,Level Set演化函数空间方向上采用四阶紧致差分逼近式离散,计算过程中加入了窄带算法和全局优化方法.数值实验结果表明,该算法在不增加计算时间的基础上,可以检测出模糊或离散的边界,并得到精确的人脸轮廓线.     

基于人脸侧影线角点检测的鼻尖点定位方法

为实现人脸表情及姿态变化下,鼻尖点的快速准确定位,提出一种基于人脸侧影线角点检测的鼻尖点定位方法。首先利用柱状人头模型,进行人脸姿态粗矫正;然后通过旋转投影法提取人脸的侧影轮廓线,并基于B样条尺度空间检测侧影线角点,根据角点位置定位鼻尖点候选区域;最后根据鼻尖点的形状特征及凸出特性准确定位鼻尖点位置。在CASIA 3D和BOSPHORUS三维人脸数据库的实验结果表明,该方法对表情和姿态鲁棒性较好,且定位精度优于基于先验信息和基于统计模板的方法。     

基于RGBD的实时头部姿态估计

摘 要：实时的头部姿态估计在人机交互和人脸分析应用中起着至关重要的作用,但准确 的头部姿态估计方法依然具有一定的挑战性。为了提高头部姿态估计的准确性和鲁棒性,将基 于几何的方法与基于学习的方法相结合进行头部姿态估计。在人脸检测和人脸对齐的基础上, 提取彩色图像几何特征和深度图像的局部区域深度特征,再结合深度块的法线和曲率特征,构 成特征向量组;然后使用随机森林的方法进行训练;最后,所有决策树进行投票,对得到的头 部姿态高斯分布估计进行阈值过滤,进一步提高模型预测的准确度。实验结果表明,该方法与 现有的头部姿态估计方法相比,具有更高的准确度及鲁棒性。     

基于频率筛分的无监督人体姿态特征提取与识别研究

基于视频序列的人体行为分析需要检测和判别人体姿态,已有人体姿态检测与判别方法往往达不到实用性要求.从两个方面探讨应用BEMD(bidimensional empirical mode decomposition)算法提升特征分离度与判别性,以进行人体姿态检测和判别:BEMD分解源图像得到的多层固有模态图BIMF具有判别特征,可形成具有强边缘的对比度高的区域,其中包括人体轮廓区域;从低分辨率尺度BIMF图像到高分辨率尺度BIMF图像递归计算,建立基于BEMD的多尺度树(BEMD muhiscale-trees tructured)模型,快速提取目标区域并获取人体形状轮廓特征.实验证明,利用该方法进行人体姿态轮廓特征提取,并建立人体姿态的简化模型,可快速检测并判别人体姿态,以达到实时识别.     

基于混合能量活动轮廓模型的人脸分割方法

由于受到面部五官、饰物等因素的影响,传统几何活动轮廓模型获取人脸外轮廓会产生凹陷、分片等现象.针对人脸图像的特点,将边缘外张力能量及肤色能量与全局能量结合,提出一种基于混合能量泛函的几何活动轮廓模型,有效地避免了这些问题.首先,根据演化曲线的邻域信息赋予边缘点向外的张力,使曲线能够克服面部特征及面部饰物的干扰,引导其向外轮廓方向演化.鉴于肤色是面部最重要的特征,提出肤色能量,进一步提高了模型的鲁棒性.此外,提出一种基于单高斯模型的改进算法,能够估计出接近实际人脸外轮廓的初始位置,为轮廓演化奠定了基础.在两个公共人脸库上进行测试,该方法能够得到准确的人脸分割效果;以手工分割的结果为基准,该算法定位精度明显优于传统的全局能量模型和局部能量模型.还用日常照片创建一个包含不同姿态、光照、复杂背景等因素、复杂的人脸库,分割结果表明,该方法能够克服这些因素的影响,取得了准确而稳定的人脸分割结果.     

Multi-view based face chin contour extraction

Chin contour is an important facial feature to build a 3D morphable model, the core step of which is to establish feature points correspondence between each face in the training set and the reference face. In this paper, robust face detection is implemented firstly using probabilistic method. A probability of detection is obtained for each image of different position and at several scales and poses. Then, the chin contours are extracted accurately using the active shape model (ASM), which depends on the parameters obtained from the face detection. From frontal (0°) to profile (90°) faces that are equally divided into 10 parts, we train 10 flexible models. Then, different flexible models are used to extract the face chin contour according to the corresponding face pose. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can extract the chin contours of different people across different poses with good accuracy.     

基于特征点表情变化的3维人脸识别

目的 为克服表情变化对3维人脸识别的影响,提出一种基于特征点提取局部区域特征的3维人脸识别方法。方法 首先,在深度图上应用2维图像的ASM(active shape model)算法粗略定位出人脸特征点,再根据Shape index特征在人脸点云上精确定位出特征点。其次,提取以鼻中为中心的一系列等测地轮廓线来表征人脸形状;然后,提取具有姿态不变性的Procrustean向量特征(距离和角度)作为识别特征;最后,对各条等测地轮廓线特征的分类结果进行了比较,并对分类结果进行决策级融合。结果 在FRGC V2.0人脸数据库分别进行特征点定位实验和识别实验,平均定位误差小于2.36 mm,Rank-1识别率为98.35%。结论 基于特征点的3维人脸识别方法,通过特征点在人脸近似刚性区域提取特征,有效避免了受表情影响较大的嘴部区域。实验证明该方法具有较高的识别精度,同时对姿态、表情变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Passive Three Dimensional Face Recognition Using Iso-Geodesic Contours and Procrustes Analysis

We introduce a new model for personal recognition based on the 3-D geometry of the face. The model is designed for application scenarios where the acquisition conditions constrain the facial position. The 3-D structure of a facial surface is compactly represented by sets of contours (facial contours) extracted around automatically pinpointed nose tip and inner eye corners. The metric used to decide whether a point on the face belongs to a facial contour is its geodesic distance from a given landmark. Iso-geodesic contours are inherently robust to head pose variations, including in-depth rotations of the face. Since these contours are extracted from rigid parts of the face, the resulting recognition algorithms are insensitive to changes in facial expressions. The facial contours are encoded using innovative pose invariant features, including Procrustean distances defined on pose-invariant curves. The extracted features are combined in a hierarchical manner to create three parallel face recognizers. Inspired by the effectiveness of region ensembles approaches, the three recognizers constructed around the nose tip and inner corners of the eyes are fused both at the feature-level and the match score-level to create a unified face recognition algorithm with boosted performance. The performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared with other algorithms from the literature on a large public database appropriate for the assumed constrained application scenario.     

Extracting eyebrow contour and chin contour for face recognition

This paper proposes a novel method for extraction of eyebrow contour and chin contour. We first segment rough eyebrow regions using spatial constrained sub-area K-means clustering. Then eyebrow contours are extracted by Snake method with effective image force. For chin contour extraction, we first estimate several possible chin locations which are used to build a number of curves as chin contour candidates. Based on the chin like edges extracted by proposed chin edge detector, the curve with the largest likeliness to be the actual chin contour is selected. Finally, the credible extracted eyebrow contour and the estimated chin contours are used as geometric features for face recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can extract eyebrow contours and chin contours with good accuracy and the extracted features are effective for improving face recognition rates.     

基于几何活动轮廓模型的人脸轮廓提取方法

针对在结构性噪声较严重的情况下 ,常规几何活动轮廓模型无法获得理想分割效果的问题 ,提出一种基于几何活动轮廓模型的人脸轮廓提取方法 ,该方法首先将人脸形状的椭圆性约束作为算子嵌入到几何活动轮廓模型中 ,并利用几何活动轮廓模型提取任意轮廓的优势来快速抽取出图象中类似椭圆的目标边缘 ;然后根据图象中人脸的先验知识 ,通过对检测到的椭圆目标进行进一步验证来找出最终人脸轮廓 .由于采用变分水平集方法做数值计算 ,因此该方法不仅能够自然地处理曲线的拓扑变化和能较精确地提取出图象中的人脸轮廓 ,而且同时可以给出人脸水平旋转的大致角度等信息 .实验结果表明 ,该方法是有效的 .     

Automatic extraction of face contours in images and videos

The paper proposed an automatic and accurate extraction of the human face contour algorithm. Because a human face contour includes very important facial features to identifying or verifying a person, the accuracy of face contour extraction influences performance of face recognition. The automatic extraction human face contour algorithm includes a novel flowchart for improving accuracy of face contours extraction. To obtain the edge map of a face contour, the divided-and-conquer technique and Canny edge detector were used to avoid the features in the central part of face. The genetic algorithm is implemented to automatically find the parameters of Canny edge detector. Finally, the Poisson gradient vector flow (PGVF) active contour model used the edge map to extract face contours. Three datasets with temporal sequence images were tested for evaluation of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the algorithm obtained accurate face contours.     

基于稀疏级联回归的快速人脸配准方法及其在移动设备上的应用

如何在计算和存储能力受限的移动平台上实现高效的人脸配准是移动平台人脸应用需要解决的关键问题。主要研究了移动平台上的快速人脸配准问题,为了降低配准模型的计算与存储要求,提出了稀疏约束的级联回归模型。该模型采用稀疏性约束学习回归矩阵,不但能够筛选鲁棒的特征,而且模型的存储空间被压缩到原来的5%左右。基于稀疏级联回归模型,进一步构建了移动平台上人脸配准的快速算法。首先,在人脸检测的基础上,利用二值特征快速定位眼角、嘴角和鼻尖的关键点,估计出人脸的姿态,旋正人脸图像;然后,根据人脸的姿态,选择相应的正脸或侧脸模型,进行稀疏约束的级联回归配准,定位人脸关键点。大量实验结果表明,提出的配准方法精度高、速度快、模型小。在三星Note3智能手机上,每幅人脸图像的配准时间在10ms左右,整个apk文件大小仅为4MB,非常适合移动平台的人脸应用。     

Automatical detection of face features and exact face contour

The approach based on the mathematical morphology and the variational calculus is presented for the detection of an exact face contour in still grayscale images. The facial features (eyes and lips) are detected by using the mathematical morphology and the heuristic rules. Using these features an image is filtered and an edge map is prepared. The face contour is detected by minimizing its internal and external energy. The internal energy is defined by the contour tension and the rigidity. The external energy is defined by using the generalized gradient vector flow field of the image edge map. Initial contour is calculated using the detected face features. The contour detection experiments were performed using the database of 427 face images. Automatically detected contours were compared with manually labeled contours using an area and the Euclidean distance-based error measures.     

Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression

This paper presents a hierarchical multi-state pose-dependent approach for facial feature detection and tracking under varying facial expression and face pose. For effective and efficient representation of feature points, a hybrid representation that integrates Gabor wavelets and gray-level profiles is proposed. To model the spatial relations among feature points, a hierarchical statistical face shape model is proposed to characterize both the global shape of human face and the local structural details of each facial component. Furthermore, multi-state local shape models are introduced to deal with shape variations of some facial components under different facial expressions. During detection and tracking, both facial component states and feature point positions, constrained by the hierarchical face shape model, are dynamically estimated using a switching hypothesized measurements (SHM) model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately and robustly tracks facial features in real time under different facial expressions and face poses.