一个ad hoc网络中的簇结构模式

提出一种ad hoc网络中新的簇结构模式。采用约束特征值的概念对ad hoc网络中节点移动的约束环境进行数学抽象，定义了节点属性的数学表达式。以节点的通信能力值和状态变化值作为选择簇头节点的依据，在此基础上提出了分簇算法GM-BFS，对平面ad hoc网络进行分簇，最后使用偏移度概念实现节点在簇间的移动和动态切换。     

一种最大化网络吞吐量的认知无线Ad Hoc网络跨层优化算法

认知无线Ad hoc网络(cognitive wireless ad hoc networks)是由一组具有认知决策能力的节点以多跳无线方式组成的智能网络.网络容量的求解与网络吞吐量的优化是该类网络研究的难点.作者首先推导了混叠模式下认知无线Ad hoc网络容量上界的闭合表达式,并指出该上界只与用户空间分布特性相关;然后提出了一种新的基于遗传算法的跨层优化算法,通过联合优化邻居选择与功率分配实现网络吞吐量的最大化;最后仿真验证了该算法的有效性,结果表明网络吞吐量能较好地逼近网络容量上界.     

一种面向无线Ad Hoc网络的新型分布式哈希表

为了在无线ad hoc网络上构建各种应用系统，有必要提供一种高效的数据共享机制，使得网络中各节点之间能够方便地进行协同和交互。该文将分布式哈希表(DHT)的基本思想与无线ad hoc网络中的基于地理位置的路由技术结合起来，提出了一种新型的面向无线ad hoc网络的数据共享方案——基于位置的DHT(LDHT)。与传统的DHT方案相比，LDHT不是通过逻辑上的覆盖网络来实现，而是直接基于网络的物理拓扑结构来构建，有效地消除了传统DHT方案的拓扑结构不匹配问题，提高了在无线ad hoc网络中进行数据共享的效率。     

移动Ad hoc网络中基于控制域的网络管理及拓扑生成

结合实际的移动ad hoc网络管理研究,钟对以往ad hoc网络管理体系缺乏可扩展性的问题,同时考虑网络中节点的能力差异性,引入了动态的网络管理控制域并定义了管理控制域的生成与合并过程,在此基础上提出了一种动态分布式的ad hoc网络管理体系,并利用管理控制域的生成过程实现了ad hoc网络中的拓扑管理。仿真结果表明,网络中的管理控制域生成算法能够适应网络节点移动性的特点,具有可靠的控制域划分能力。在此基础上的ad hoc网络拓扑生成具有较好的准确性和可靠性。     

Ad hoc 网络能量均衡的跨层多径路由算法

提出了一种无线ad hoc 网络能量均衡的跨层多径路由算法EBCLMRA（energy balanced cross-layer multi-path routing algorithm）．EBCLMRA 算法利用网络节点的跨层信息,选择多条节点不相交的多径路由,路由上 的发射节点根据其与接收节点间的距离,自适应选择发射功率,使得信号能恰好传到下一跳节点．该算法能均衡网 络节点的能量消耗,减轻节点的拥塞,延长无线ad hoc 网络的生存时间．仿真结果也显示该算法与SMR、AOMDV 等多径路由算法相比,在延长网络生存时间、降低网络平均延迟、提高吞吐量方面,均有更好的表现．     

一个用于Ad Hoc网络的分簇方法

该文提出了一种ad hoc网络的分簇方法,通过相关性来计算节点的相关度值,利用D—tree算法来对随机分布的移动节点分簇,实现ad hoc网络的层次结构的划分;并对算法进行了分析和模拟计算,得到了ad hoc网络主要技术参数之间的关系．     

灵活移动的网络——Ad Hoc网络

Ad hoc网络是一种自组织，自适应和自管理的网络，由于其组网的快速灵活性，节点的分布性，不需要基础设施等优点，在工业、商业、医疗、家庭、办公环境、军事等领域有着不可替代的作用。本文首先介绍了ad hoc网络及其特点，然后说明了ad hoc网络的一些典型应用。最后对ad hoc网络的发展提出了建议。     

无线Ad Hoc网络QoS路由协议研究的进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络是一种无固定通信设备支持、节点可自由移动的多跳全分布式无线网络。无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证，而QoS路由协议是无线ad hoc网络支持QoS的一个关键理论和技术，也是目前的一个研究热点。本文回顾了近年来国内外在无线ad hoc网络QoS路由协议研究方面取得的研究成果，对已有的无线ad hoc网络的QoS路由协议进行了分类．并对它们作了较全面的概括。总结和深入的比较分析，系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中实现QoS路由协议时需要考虑的因素，指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向。     

一种无线Ad Hoc网络的区分服务体系结构

提供服务质量保证是目前无线ad hoc网络的研究热点.本文对将区分服务应用于无线ad hoc网络进行了阐述,提出了一种应用于无线ad hoc网络的区分服务体系结构,最后进行了仿真验证.仿真结果证明,在无线ad hoc网络中区分服务可以在资源不够用的情况下,降低对低优先级的业务流的服务,保证对高优先级的业务流的服务,从而使得高优先级的业务流获得较大的吞吐量和较低的延迟.     

移动ad hoc网络中DOS攻击及其防御机制

移动ad hoc网络由于其动态拓扑、无线信道以及各种资源有限的特点,特别容易遭受拒绝服务(DOS)攻击．提出了移动ad hoc网络中一种新的DOS攻击模型——ad hoc flooding攻击及其防御策略．该攻击主要针对移动ad hoc网络中的按需路由协议,如AODV,DSR等．ad hoc flooding攻击是通过在网络中泛洪发送超量路由查询报文及数据报文,大量地占用网络通信及节点资源,以至于阻塞节点正常的通信．分析ad hoc flooding攻击之后,提出了两种防御策略：其一是邻居阻止,即当入侵者发送大量路由查询报文时,邻居节点降低对其报文的处理优先级,直至不再接收其报文．其二是路径删除,即目标节点将入侵者发送攻击报文的路径删除,以阻止其继续发送攻击报文．模拟实验证实,通过这两种方法的结合．能够有效地阻止网络中的ad hoc flooding攻击行为．     

Differentiation, QoS guarantee, and optimization for real-time traffic over one-hop ad hoc networks

Nodes having a self-centrically broadcasting nature of communication form a wireless ad hoc network. Many issues are involved to provide quality of service (QoS) for ad hoc networks, including routing, medium access, resource reservation, mobility management, etc. Previous work mostly focuses on QoS routing with an assumption that the medium access control (MAC) layer can support QoS very well. However, contention-based MAC protocols are adopted in most ad hoc networks since there is no centralized control. QoS support in contention-based MAC layer is a very challenging issue. Carefully designed distributed medium access techniques must be used as foundations for most ad hoc networks. In this paper, we study and enhance distributed medium access techniques for real-time transmissions in the IEEE 802.11 single-hop ad hoc wireless networks. In the IEEE 802.11 MAC, error control adopts positive acknowledgement and retransmission to improve transmission reliability in the wireless medium (WM). However, for real-time multimedia traffic with sensitive delay requirements, retransmitted frames may be too late to be useful due to the fact that the delay of competing the WM is unpredictable. In this paper, we address several MAC issues and QoS issues for delay-sensitive real-time traffic. First, a priority scheme is proposed to differentiate the delay sensitive real-time traffic from the best-effort traffic. In the proposed priority scheme, retransmission is not used for the real-time traffic, and a smaller backoff window size is adopted. Second, we propose several schemes to guarantee QoS requirements. The first scheme is to guarantee frame-dropping probability for the real-time traffic. The second scheme is to guarantee throughput and delay. The last scheme is to guarantee throughput, delay, and frame-dropping probability simultaneously. Finally, we propose adaptive window backoff schemes to optimize throughput with and without QoS constraints.     

Performance evaluation of a new backoff method for IEEE 802.11

Since DCF is the main protocol of accessing other mobile stations in ad hoc networks such as IEEE 802.11 WLANs, a self-controlling method for each station is necessary, called the backoff algorithm. An exponential backoff method has been used in WLANs and significant efforts have been made to analyze its throughput and other important properties such as delay and jitter. In this article, we propose a new backoff algorithm and model it with a discrete-time Markov chain; measuring its saturation throughput under several conditions and several set of parameters which are to be adjusted according to the network condition, with the aim of approaching maximum throughput when stations are saturated.     

多速率Ad hoc网络MAC层公平性的分析与改进

在多速率Ad hoc网络中,利用自适应速率调整算法,网络节点可以根据信道质量选择不同的传输速率,从而提高网络的总体通信能力。对多速率Ad hoc网络MAC层公平性进行了仿真和分析,实验结果表明基于IEEE 802.11的多速率Ad hoc网络中存在严重的公平性问题。通过对吞吐率公平和时间公平的讨论,指出在多速率Ad hoc网络中进行MAC层公平性研究,时间公平性标准是较优的选择。另外提出一种针对多速率Ad hoc网络的改进公平回退（EFB）算法,仿真实验的结果表明该算法能够明显提高多速率Ad hoc网络的MAC层公平性。     

DCF指数退避算法的两点改进

分布式协调机制是Ad-hoc网络中的工作站访问其他移动工作站的主要网络协议,因此为每个网络工作站提供一种自主调控的方法是必要的。这就是退避算法。目前,一种指数退避算法已经用于无线局域网中。对于分布式协调机制的指数退避算法提出了两点改进。为了测试这种改进的有效性,建立了一个离散时间马尔可夫链模型,在此基础上配置了与多种网络条件相对应的参数集,来评测改进算法获取的饱和吞吐量,以期在工作站数达到饱和状态时获得最大吞吐量。     

Channel access and traffic control for dynamic-spectrum networks with single-transmit, dual-receive radios

Cognitive radios have a great potential to improve spectrum utilization by enabling dynamic spectrum access. A key challenge in operating these radios is how to implement an efficient medium access control (MAC) mechanism that adaptively and efficiently allocates transmission powers and spectrum according to the surrounding environment. In this work, we propose a distributed MAC protocol for operating spectrum-agile radios in a multi-hop ad hoc network. Our protocol is unique in that it exploits the “dual-receive” capability of radios, which is used to overcome channel access problems that are common to multi-channel designs. We conduct theoretical analysis of the protocol and study its performance via simulations. To further improve the system throughput, we propose a framework for joint adaptive load and medium access controls. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves more than 90% of the maximum (global) system throughput that is achieved at saturation, while guaranteeing low collision rates.     

基于定长时隙的多跳Ad Hoc网络DCF协议马尔可夫链模型

指出了现有的基于不定长时隙的DCF协议马尔可夫链模型的局限性,并在详细分析多跳ad hoc 网络环境中DCF 协议建模的难点问题基础上,提出了一种基于定长时隙的多跳ad hoc 网络DCF 协议马尔可夫链模型.通过模型的求解,得到了反映多跳ad hoc 网络饱和吞吐量性能的相关性能指标的理论值,并结合GloMoSim 网络仿真环境中的仿真实验,证明了模型的有效性.     

Investigating the performance of TCP in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks have several inherent characteristics (e.g. dynamic topology, time-varying and bandwidth constrained wireless channels, multi-hop routing, and distributed control and management). The goal of this work is to investigate the impact of these characteristics on the performance of TCP. First, we investigate throughput performance of TCP as a function of path length (i.e. multiple wireless hops), node mobility, and traffic intensity. Next, we examine the ‘fairness’ of the ad hoc network with regard to equal sharing of network bandwidth among multiple TCP flows. Third, we evaluate the impact of two on-demand routing protocols (i.e. AODV and DSR) on the throughput of TCP. Finally, a factorial design experiment is conducted to quantify the effects and interactions of three factors, which influence the throughput of TCP. These factors include routing, node speed, and node pause time. Two key results were observed. Results show that traffic intensity (e.g. number of concurrent flows) is significantly affects TCP throughput, suggesting the need for congestion control, scheduling and traffic management schemes. Second, source routing achieves higher throughputs while also generating significantly less routing overhead than AODV. Results also show that in some instances, the fairness of the network is very uneven among concurrent TCP flows, resulting in several sending stations achieving very little or no throughput.     

基于分布式图算法的无线网络MAC调度算法

针对无线自组织网络带宽利用率低的问题,在主干扰模型的基础上,提出一种基于分布式极大独立集(MIS)的无线自组织网络STDMA节点调度算法.该算法以分布式MIS算法为基础,在算法进入平衡状态时,优先让度大的节点加入MIS,再通过将其结果转化成△+1染色,从而完成时槽分配.该算法是完全分布式的,且时间复杂度为O(1bn).仿真结果表明,与分布式MIS算法相比,该算法收敛速度平均提高23.6％.     

MANET路由协议及其性能研究

MANET(Mobile Ad Hoe Network)是由一组无线移动主机组成的一个没有任何建立好的基础设施或集中管理设备的临时网络。网络拓扑易变、带宽、能源有限是Ad Hoc移动网络的主要特点。重点介绍了Ad hoc网络的组网关键技术——路由协议，并对现在的具有代表性的协议性能进行了比较，研究了在不同环境下的各自路由协议仿真实验所体现出来的性能差别，对Ad hoc的组网具有指导意义。