基于知识点本体的学习资源框架设计

针对目前语义缺失,缺少可重用性、互操作性、共享性的学习资源现状,提出将知识点本体引入学习资源库功能模型的构建和学习知识的表达,模型中采用KDD技术对领域学科知识点的内在联系及层次关系进行分析和研究．并构建领域知识点本体模型,为学习资源适应个性化学习提供语义基础,实现资源的共享和重用。     

Towards a Knowledge-Level Model of Context and Context Use in Diagnostic Problems

Diagnostic support systems that help solving problems in open and weak theory domains need to be context-sensitive in order to reveal flexible and efficient behaviour. This paper presents a task-oriented methodology for analysing and modeling contextual knowledge at the knowledge level. We present a context-sensitive diagnosis approach (ConSID) which clarifies the connection between content and process knowledge. The former embodies the domain model, while the latter embodies the task and method models. We present a prototypical system, the ConSID-Creek, that applies the ConSID approach to the medical diagnostic domain. We illustrate how the system integrates case-based and explanation-based reasoning paradigms when realizing the abductive subtask of the overall diagnostic task.     

Web 2.0下基于案例的知识管理系统

为实现Web 2.0环境下网络知识的获取和共享,提出一种基于案例的知识管理系统。采用案例推理的方法实现知识管理,根据Web 2.0网络环境的特点,在案例表达阶段,为每个案例设置标签属性,使其能实现开放性分类。在案例检索阶段,将领域本体引入相似度的计算。利用人工神经网络算法、用户录入案例标签维护案例库和本体库。实验结果表明,该系统能快速检索出具有较高相似度的历史案例。     

A methodology for constructing of philosophy ontology based on philosophical texts

An ontology is a crucial factor for the success of the Semantic Web and other knowledge-based systems in terms of share and reuse of domain knowledge. However, there are a few concrete ontologies within actual knowledge domains including learning domains. In this paper, we develop an ontology which is an explicit formal specification of concepts and semantic relations among them in philosophy. We call it a philosophy ontology. Our philosophy is a formal specification of philosophical knowledge including knowledge of contents of classical texts of philosophy. We propose a methodology, which consists of detailed guidelines and templates, for constructing text-based ontology. Our methodology consists of 3 major steps and 14 minor steps. To implement the philosophy ontology, we develop an ontology management system based on Topic Maps. Our system includes a semi-automatic translator for creating Topic Map documents from the output of conceptualization steps and other tools to construct, store, retrieve ontologies based on Topic Maps. Our methodology and tools can be applied to other learning domain ontologies, such as history, literature, arts, and music.     

基于本体的计算机组成原理网络智能化教学模式的设计与实践

针对目前高校计算机组成原理课程教学模式存在的问题,提出以学生为中心的计算机组成原理网络智能化教学模式,基于本体构建了课程知识体系模型,探讨了基于课程知识库本体的教学策略的研究方法,给学生提供了一个个性化的、自主的、高效的学习环境。这样既可以有效地表示本门课程的知识体系,同时有利于同类课程的资源共享。     

基于领域知识重用的虚拟领域本体构造

提出了一种重用现有领域知识库知识构造新领域本体的方法.该方法充分利用了领域知识模型以及领域本体相互之间存在的语义相关性,从语义匹配的角度探讨了构造新领域本体的可能性.首先给出了领域本体的一种结构化定义,然后讨论了领域模型之间、领域本体之间存在的语义相关性,并给出了领域本体语义相关度的概念.以此为基础,重点讨论了基于生物种群进化方法构造新领域本体的选择、克隆、变异、杂交、合成和转基因方法.最后详细介绍了一个虚拟领域本体构造系统,并给出了具体分析实例.     

基于本体的产品设计知识表示研究

针对目前的产品设计知识表示模型或是只局限于产品设计的某一阶段,或是局限于某一设计领域,对产品设计知识的概念存在着分类不清等不足,文中提出一种产品设计知识本体构建方法,并构建基于本体的产品设计知识表示模型。通过分析产品设计知识本体产生的知识概念、属性及知识概念间关系,形式化地定义和描述表示产品设计领域所包含的知识资源,提高企业产品设计知识共享和重用效率。以色选机设计知识表示为例,验证了所提出模型的有效性。     

航电系统软件需求知识本体构建及评价

针对航电(AE)系统软件密集化程度增加及其软件需求工程中存在的二义性和不完备性等问题,构建 AE 系统软件需求知识本体及其知识框架,在此基础上建立 AE 系统泛化本体,将研究领域限定为飞控(FC)系统,构建飞控系统领域本体。对FC系统领域本体进行评价,结果显示,按照最大隶属度原则,该FC系统领域本体的质量等级为中,需要对其开发技术质量和结构显示质量等方面进行改进。     

Adapting domain ontology for personalized knowledge search and recommendation

This paper presents research on the development of a domain ontology adaptation system for personalized knowledge search and recommendation that adapts a suitable domain ontology according to the previous browsing and reading behavior of users (i.e., usage history log). An adaptive domain ontology can satisfy the future requirements of users and promote use value. In developing the system, a domain ontology adaptation model is first designed. Based on the designed adaptation model, a methodology for domain ontology adaptation is developed. Subsequently, a domain ontology adaptation system is implemented with an illustrative example of securities trading. Finally, a system evaluation for user satisfaction and a methodology evaluation are conducted to demonstrate that the developed methodology and system worked efficiently.     

Learning adaptivity in support of flipped learning: An ontological problem‐solving approach

In recent years, flipped learning has received tremendous attention from educational practitioners and researchers. However, this study argues that existing e‐learning systems mainly serve for learning management and content delivery purposes, although they lack support for flipped learning. As an innovative educational approach, flipped learning requires more pedagogical elements, such as integrated instructional design and adaptive content delivery, to achieve effective direct instruction. This study aims to create a learning adaptivity design to support effective learning in the flipped individual learning space in which the teacher is absent. Because teaching involves various pedagogical and content knowledge sources, we propose a conceptual model of teaching as a function of the knowledge triad of Guideline (G), Teaching Activity (T), and Material (M). To realize this conceptualization, an ontological problem‐solving approach is used for knowledge‐based systems development to integrate the relevant knowledge sources. The knowledge model is created using the Protégé platform to develop OWL‐based domain ontology, task ontology, and SWRL‐based semantic rules to enable inference in the GTM triad for learning adaptivity. The case illustration shows that the knowledge‐based system prototype can adaptively guide student learning in the flipped individual learning space with the knowledge sources integrated.     

基于Web的本体学习模型的设计与实现

对本体(ontology)的研究在计算机科学领域变的越来越广泛,但手工构建本体是一项繁琐而辛苦的任务,还容易导致知识获取瓶颈,无法保持本体的更新。本体学习技术是利用本体工程技术和机器学习技术等众多学科技术来实现本体的自动或半自动构建。该文提出了基于Web的本体学习模型,分析了模型实现中的文档预处理、术语抽取、概念选择、概念分类等关键技术。     

石油勘探开发领域本体构建及应用

领域本体是知识工程中的重要组成部分,本体技术是一种重要的知识表示方法,是知识工程背后的支撑技术。首先介绍领域本体的构建理论及方法,从主题域、知识域、本体域提出石油勘探开发领域本体的三维知识模型并基于该模型开发了本体构建软件实现了石油勘探实例的管理及应用。     

语义驱动的集成化产品建模

针对复杂产品研发过程中多领域协同对产品知识共享和重用的需求,提出一种语义驱动的集成化产品建模方法.结合多本体技术,给出了集成化产品建模框架,该框架由概念层和模型层构成,概念层包括高层核心产品本体和领域本体,模型层由主模型和领域模型等一族模型构成;同时还给出了集成化产品模型的形式化语义描述,在构建高层核心产品本体的基础上建立主模型;基于多领域本体,进行由概念层语义驱动的领域模型快速重构,在语义理解基础上实现跨领域的产品知识重用.     

Developing taxonomy for the domain ontology of construction contractual semantics: A case study on the AIA A201 document

In construction contractual management, sharing experts’ domain knowledge through ontology is a good way to narrow the knowledge gap between the domain experts and the construction team. However, little work has been done on ontology taxonomy development in this domain. Based on a literature review on sharing domain knowledge, taxonomy development methods and the essence of construction contracts, this study proposes a synthesized methodology for taxonomy development in the domain of construction contractual semantics. This methodology is based on an ontological model extracted from definitions found in the contract, and uses common root concepts as the initial root concept classes, and includes the iterative development and competency questions approaches as well. In the case study, using the research results from pilot studies, the proposed methodology was applied to the AIA A201 General Conditions of the Contract for Construction (2007) document at the textual level. As a result, a taxonomy was developed which was used to determine the validity of the proposed methodology. The taxonomy development methodology and the developed taxonomy itself are both valuable contributions in the quest to further develop ontology-based applications for sharing domain knowledge about construction contract semantics.     

一种履带式本体构建模型

为了有效地指导本体构建,创建了履带式本体构造模型来描述本体的构造方法。定义和描述了构成此模型的基本要素,包括本体（上层本体、领域本体和应用本体）和本体构造步骤（分析、设计、开发、部署和评估）,并在此基础上做出了定性分析,说明了顶级本体驱动开发方法、领域本体驱动开发方法和应用领域开发方法各自的特点。通过对此模型的分析和应用,以指导在本体开发中使用正确的开发方法。     

ADOL: a novel framework for automatic domain ontology learning

Ontology, as a semantic representation of a shared conceptualization, makes knowledge machine-readable and easy to spread. One of its typical applications is used to develop e-learning systems with Educational Ontology. Ontology can help students master knowledge architecture of required subjects and make scattered courseware more systematic. A big challenge is how to construct Educational Ontology to describe systematic knowledge of different subjects automatically. Currently, most of the ontologies are developed and extended manually, which requires the developers to possess certain professional knowledge and is time-consuming. In this paper, a framework to construct and extend Educational Ontology automatically is proposed.2 The proposed ontology learning framework, called ‘ADOL,’ can convert domain textbooks into a corresponding ontology automatically and efficiently. A case study on High School Physics shows that our approach is feasible and efficient.

     

支持创新型组织学习:基于任务情景的知识适用性管理

面临商务环境的快速变迁和难以预测,创新型组织学习正在成为组织提高生存、适应和竞争能力的关键途径.然而,现有的KM技术对于如何支持创新型组织学习,没有进行深入、系统的研究;导致知识工作者在获取适用性好的信息体(从而促进业务创新)和主动参与OM开放性进化(以促进创新知识的传播和共享)方面缺乏有效的支持.文中提出基于任务情景的知识适用性管理方法KAMTC,旨在以基于应用域本体的任务情景描述模式作为统一的语义基础,去确切、全面和便捷地描述业务工作的查询需求和受检信息体的适用性,以克服这些挑战性问题,进而有效支持知识创新和创新型组织学习的展开.