快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形分布式控制算法

针对多智能体协作完成特定任务时难以在全自主控制的前提下协作形成任意队形和队形向量不易确定的问题 ,通过由各智能体自主简单的确定自己的队形向量 ,从理论上扩展基于队形向量的队形控制原理以生成任意队形 ,改进机器人的运动方式以提高收敛速度 ,提出一种快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形分布式控制算法 .仿真结果表明 ,该算法可以形成任意队形 ,比现有控制算法的收敛速度快 ,队形收敛所需的时间仅为现有算法的 10 %左右     

快速收敛的机器人部分任意队形分布式控制算法

针对多智能体协作完成特定任务时难以在全自主控制的前提下协作形成任意队形和队形向量不易确定的问题，通过由各智能体自主简单的确定自己的队形向量，从理论上扩展基于队形向量的队形控制原理以生成任意队形，改进机器人的运动方式以提高收敛速度，提出一种快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形分布式控制算法，仿真结果表明，该算法可以形成任意队形，比现有控制处法的收敛速度快，队形收敛所需的时间仅为现有算法的10％左右。     

多机器人任意队形分布式控制研究

本文针对多智能体协作完成特定任务时难以在全自主控制的前提下协作形成任意队 形和队形向量不易确定的问题，通过由各智能体自主简单的确定自己的队形向量，从理论上 扩展基于队形向量的队形控制原理以生成任意队形，改进机器人的运动方式以提高收敛速度 ，提出一种快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形分布式控制算法．为了解决智能体机器人之间的 冲突问题，提出了一个通信协调模型．仿真实验和实际机器人实验均表明了算法的可行性和 有效性．     

一类分布式队形控制及其稳定性分析

针对一类具有二阶动态行为的多机器人系统的队形控制问题, 提出了一种分布式离散协同控制算法, 并应用代数图论和矩阵论的方法对该系统的渐近稳定性和算法的一致收敛性进行分析. 应用上述方法, 证明了确保多智能体系统渐近收敛的充要条件,得到了反馈控制参数的取值范围. 同时证明了在该充要条件下多机器人将逐步收敛到期望队形和同一运动速度. 仿真部分通过一个六机器人系统的队形控制验证了本文研究结果的正确性.     

多智能体系统的队形控制方法及应用综述

多智能体系统队形控制的研究主要集中于队形形成、队形保持和队形变换3个方面;首先,介绍、分析了多种队形控制方法,包括轨迹跟踪法、行动选择法、假想刚体法、网络关系图分析法、动态编队法、虚拟势场法、学习控制法和混合控制法等;其次,对移动机器人、无人机、水下机器人等多智能体系统的队形控制应用进行研究;然后,给出了近年来多智能体系统队形控制的研究进展,包括基于复Laplacian矩阵的多维空间队形控制方法,其它领域技术(云计算、图像处理等)用于队形控制的研究成果,并对基于队形控制的多移动机器人和无人机搬运作了介绍;最后,给出了当前队形控制研究中尚未解决的问题,包括队形扩展,队形稳定性,通信、传感器功能,异构多智能体系统队形控制和机械臂编队等。     

多机器人编队离散模型及队形控制稳定性分析

针对包含绕心运动情况下的多机器人编队进行离散建模,并利用该模型解决保持队形期望前端始终朝着编队前进方向的控制问题.以控制多机器人编队收敛到期望的队形并镇定到预设运动规律上为目标,定义了一类通信拓扑图,基于该类图提出了一种分布式协同控制算法.给出了该控制算法下编队系统渐进稳定的充分必要条件及反馈控制参数的收敛域.证明了在该充分必要条件下可实现编队收敛到期望的队形和预设运动规律上的目标.仿真实验表明,在该算法控制下多机器人编队较好地收敛到期望队形并按预设规律运动,且过程中始终保持队形期望前端朝着编队前进方向,进而验证了该算法的有效性和正确性.     

带未知干扰的模块化航天器系统相对轨道的队形控制

基于多智能体系统一致性理论,在有向拓扑结构中对模块化航天器相对轨道的队形控制问题进行研究.考虑与状态相关的未知外部干扰,在存在模块质量不确定性的情形下,基于自适应增益技术,设计仅依赖模块自身及其邻近模块信息的分布式控制算法,并通过Lyapunov稳定性方法证明闭环系统是渐近稳定的.最后在Matlab/Simulink中对6个模块组成的模块化航天器系统的队形进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律是有效且可行的.     

一种改进的多机器人任意队形控制算法

针对快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形控制算法中存在的问题，提出一种改进的多机器人系统模型和控制算法．新方案中详细讨论了基于全局通信的机器人集合划分方式，机器人可以以多种策略选择跟踪对象，并且新的系统模型和控制算法能够用于具有不同高度的机器人、目标和障碍物的情形．理论分析表明新方案尽可能多地减少智能体机器人之间的冲突及等待时间，更接近实际应用．      

基于行为的机器人部队队形控制方案

提出了一种适用于实时动态环境下机器人力队的基于行为的分布式实时队形控制算法。研究了这种基于行为的方案在遇到大体积障碍物时行为,仿真过程表明该法既能使机器人动态分组、各自规划,又能机器人部队作为一个整体维持队形。该算法可使机器人形成和保持任意队形,同时集成了避障和导航的能力。最后指出了算法在控制机器人团队转向或避障运动时的问题出现的原因以及改进方法。     

基于视觉传感器的小型多AUV系统队形排列

针对海底体积较小(或彩色)目标物体的搜索,基于视觉传感器的多AUV系统成为一个研究热点.为构建一个给定队形(平面金字塔队形),将系统中的同构小型AUV单元有序地集合在一起,基于视觉传感器得到的相对位置及罗盘得到的全局方位,提出一种基于局部位置的队形控制方法.该控制算法包含两部分:1)采取邻居互查机制以区分AUV身份ID;2)提出复杂度为$\mathcalO$(nlogn)的避碰策略,优化平面金字塔队形的位置与姿态,并为每个AUV规划无交叉直线轨迹.在Blender搭建的无障碍深海仿真环境中,通过4sim7个具有ROV结构的同构AUV (CISCREA)重复构建平面金字塔队形,对所提出方法的性能进行测试.仿真结果表明,所提算法具有较好的可行性与稳定性.     

面向结构的Agent组织形成和演化机制

基于Agent组织的多Agent问题求解可以大大降低求解难度和交互复杂性。其中Agent组织的形成和演化是基于Agent计算和合作的关键。给出了面向结构的组织形成和演化机制,解决了麻木性和灵活性差问题,保证了Agent的效用理性和个性倾向,刻画了演化所满足的性质,改进了Shehory,Kraus,Glaser等的组织形成和演化方法。     

Safe Autonomous Agent Formation Operations Via Obstacle Collision Avoidance

In this paper, we consider the problem of flocking and shape‐orientation control of multi‐agent systems with inter‐agent and obstacle collision avoidance. We first consider the problem of forcing a set of autonomous agents to form a desired formation shape and orientation while avoiding inter‐agent collision and collision with convex obstacles, and following a trajectory known to only one of the agents, namely the leader of the formation. Then we build upon the solution given to this problem and solve the problem of guaranteeing obstacle collision avoidance by changing the size and the orientation of the formation. Changing the size and the orientation of the formation is helpful when the agents want to go through a narrow passage while the existing size or orientation of the formation does not allow this. We also propose collision avoidance algorithms that temporarily change the shape of the formation to avoid collision with stationary or moving nonconvex obstacles. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed control laws.     

Formation control for multi‐agent systems through an iterative learning design approach

This paper deals with formation control problems for multi‐agent systems by using iterative learning control (ILC) design approaches. Distributed formation ILC algorithms are presented to enable all agents in directed graphs to achieve the desired relative formations perfectly over a finite‐time interval. It is shown that not only asymptotic stability but also monotonic convergence of multi‐agent formation ILC can be accomplished, and the convergence conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities can be simultaneously established. The derived results are also applicable to multi‐agent systems that are subject to stochastic disturbances and model uncertainties. Furthermore, the feasibility of convergence conditions and the effect of communication delays are discussed for the proposed multi‐agent formation ILC algorithms. Simulation results are given for uncertain multi‐agent systems to verify the theoretical study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive iterative learning control for coordination of second‐order multi‐agent systems

In this paper, an efficient framework is proposed to the consensus and formation control of distributed multi‐agent systems with second‐order dynamics and unknown time‐varying parameters, by means of an adaptive iterative learning control approach. Under the assumption that the acceleration of the leader is unknown to any follower agents, a new adaptive auxiliary control and the distributed adaptive iterative learning protocols are designed. Then, all follower agents track the leader uniformly on [0,T] for consensus problem and keep the desired distance from the leader and achieve velocity consensus uniformly on [0,T] for the formation problem, respectively. The distributed multi‐agent coordinations performance is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols in this paper.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多机器人动态编队的强化学习算法研究

在人工智能领域中，强化学习理论由于其自学习性和自适应性的优点而得到了广泛关注．随着分布式人工智能中多智能体理论的不断发展，分布式强化学习算法逐渐成为研究的重点．首先介绍了强化学习的研究状况，然后以多机器人动态编队为研究模型，阐述应用分布式强化学习实现多机器人行为控制的方法．应用SOM神经网络对状态空间进行自主划分，以加快学习速度；应用BP神经网络实现强化学习，以增强系统的泛化能力；并且采用内、外两个强化信号兼顾机器人的个体利益及整体利益．为了明确控制任务，系统使用黑板通信方式进行分层控制．最后由仿真实验证明该方法的有效性．     

Distributed MPC for Tracking and Formation of Homogeneous Multi‐agent System with Time‐Varying Communication Topology

The distributed model predictive control (MPC) is studied for the tracking and formation problem of multi‐agent system with time‐varying communication topology. At each sampling instant, each agent solves an optimization problem respecting input and state constraints, to obtain its optimal control input. In the cost function for the optimization problem of each agent, the formation weighting coefficient is properly updated so that the adverse effect of the time‐varying communication topology on the closed‐loop stability can be counteracted. It is shown that the overall multi‐agent system can achieve the desired tracking and formation objectives. The effectiveness of the results is demonstrated through two examples.     

Nonlinear formation control strategies for agents without relative measurements under heterogeneous networks

This paper proposes cooperative control protocols for a group of unmanned vehicles to make a stable formation around a maneuvering target. The control protocols are proposed on the basis of heterogeneous communication networks, which represents more challenging and generalized situations. Two different scenarios are considered. Separate control protocols are developed for each case. In both scenarios, agents do not have relative position, velocity, and acceleration measurements as feedback. In the first scenario, each agent uses its own position and velocity measurement in a consensus algorithm. In the second scenario, each agent needs only its own position information for the consensus algorithm. For both protocols, agents compute virtual estimates of a target's position and velocity and exchange these among the neighbors. Three different communication networks are used for exchanging two virtual estimates calculated by each agent and a time derivative of one virtual estimate. Each interagent communication network is represented by a fixed, undirected, and connected graph. Furthermore, it is considered that at least one agent receives the position, velocity, and acceleration information of the maneuvering target. It is not necessary that the agent receiving the target's position and the agent receiving the velocity and/or the acceleration information of the target be the same. However, the target does not receive any information about any agent. Stability of the formation is analyzed by using Barbalat's lemma. It is also shown that, despite the large difference in received information, the acceleration of the agents remains bounded for all time. The performance of the proposed formation control protocols is illustrated through numerical simulations.     

Consensus for formation control of multi‐agent systems

This study considers the formation problem for multi‐agent systems, which are described by the second‐order dynamics on nonlinear manifolds SE(2) and SE(3). In particular, the model of each agent contains information about its attitude. Using a consensus strategy, a control law is developed to guarantee that any desired formation can be achieved asymptotically under the conditions of complete or tree‐shaped communication topologies. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coordination of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems via relative output feedback

This paper investigates the joint effects of agent dynamic and network topology on the consensusability of linear discrete‐time multi‐agent systems via relative output feedback. An observer‐based distributed control protocol is proposed. A necessary and sufficient condition for consensusability under this control protocol is given, which explicitly reveals how the intrinsic entropy rate of the agent dynamic and the eigenratio of the undirected communication graph affect consensusability. As a special case, multi‐agent systems with discrete‐time double integrator dynamics are discussed where a simple control protocol directly using two‐step relative position feedback is provided to reach a consensus. Finally, the result is extended to solve the formation and formation‐based tracking problems. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.