基于Sysmac的二自由度并联机械手控制系统研究

介绍了二自由度并联机械手的主要结构及其功能,构建了以欧姆龙最新Sysmac自动化控制平台为基础的机械手控制系统,开发了控制系统应用软件。系统以NJ控制器、伺服驱动器及高速机器网络EtherCAT构建运动控制硬件系统,以自动化控制软件Sysmac Studio完成配置、编程、仿真以及监控等功能。两自由度并联机械手与Sysmac自动化控制平台通过一体化的连接及一体化的软件集成,实现了完全、高效的机器控制,具有广泛的应用前景。     

多轴运动控制器在机械手上的研究

为了提高工业上机械手的控制性能和精度,设计了一种基于DSP的多轴运动控制系统,该系统主要由PC上位机和机械手控制器组成,它们之间通过PCI总线进行通信;机械手控制器主要由DSP和CPLD组成,实现了四轴伺服运动控制功能;同时考虑到伺服电机的动力学特性,在运动平台上采用单神经元自适应PID建立了细化的控制方案,实现了高精确的运动控制;实验结果表明,该系统控制系统具有良好的开放性和通用性,实现了先进的控制策略,与传统PID控制相比,在性能和精度上都得到很大的提高.     

基于LabVIEW的仿生型机器马的软件设计

根据开放式运动控制的要求.采用以主计算机作为上位机和以运动控制器作为下位机的方法,设计了一种基于NI运动控制器的6轴并联机器马运动控制系统,并对该系统的功能,硬件结构和软件设计方法进行研究,完成数据及状态显示、机器马运动规划等任务,该系统具有开放性、高速性、实时性和模块化等特点.     

基于智能运动控制器的二次插补算法

本文设计了基于智能运动控制器的二次插补算法，插补运算分两次，采取离线粗插补和实时精插补来完成，大大提高了系统运作的实时性和可靠性。这种算法对多轴联动、机械手、机器人等运动控制的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于PC104总线与MCX314As芯片的运动控制器设计

在分析数控系统和运动控制器的发展现状及存在问题的基础上,探讨以MCX314As运动控制芯片为核心、基于PC104总线的运动控制器。介绍PC104总线、MCX314As运动控制芯片以及运动控制器功能特点和运动控制器的硬件及软件系统设计,给出运动控制器控制两轴数控伺服驱动器及电机的插补应用实例。并对直线插补的跟踪误差进行分析。实验结果表明,运动控制器可以对设定轨迹进行两轴插补驱动,并且控制效果良好。     

基于PLCopen的六轴工业机器人运动控制功能块设计

针对工业机器人控制系统的开放性要求,设计符合PLCopen规范的六轴工业机器人运动控制功能块。基于CodeSys软件开发环境,结合SMC_CNC库中数组、结构体和功能块,采用IEC61131-3编程语言开发了六轴工业机器人运动控制功能块,包含：坐标变换、正逆运动变换、直线与圆弧插补运动等;在此基础上,开发了一系列机器人运动控制指令和可视化编程界面。最后,以埃夫特ER50六轴工业机器人为实验对象,采用研制的机器人运动控制器,实施机器人编程控制实验,结果表明所开发的机器人运动控制功能块及其指令达到了设计要求。     

高精度两维运动控制系统的设计

对运动控制的结构作了一个简单的分析,对运动控制系统的主要构成部件进行了简单介绍,对设计运动控制系统提出一些建议。针对用户需要,设计了一个交直流伺服控制系统构成的两轴运动控制系统;结果表明,该两轴运动控制系统针对大负荷具有高控制精度。     

上下料机械手通用控制系统的设计与开发

随着工业化和“机器换人”的全面发展，工业机械手在其中扮演着不可或缺的角色，而控制系统作为机械手的核心部件之一，其性能也十分重要。基于STM32微处理器，设计开发了一款上下料机械手通用控制系统，系统由运动控制器和手持示教器两部分构成。运动控制器实现对机械手的高精度运动控制，搭载有脉冲驱动和总线驱动两种模式，重复定位精度可达0.01 mm，运行速度可达2 m/s。手持示教器用于实现人机交互功能，采用7寸触摸液晶屏，设计了全中文界面，可根据不同的生产工艺流程在线编写控制程序，并进行实时示教，触控响应时间最小可达0.08 s，保证了控制器的通用性和便捷性。此外，还开发有程序存储、系统离线升级、安全监测、物料码垛等功能。本系统具有良好的市场应用价值，同时为机械手通用控制系统的设计与开发提供了较好的参考价值。     

基于STM32+PCL0645BL的嵌入式多轴运动控制器设计

针对目前市面上多数运动控制器存在的问题,综合嵌入式微控制器与运动控制DSP两者的特点,设计了以STM32与PCL6045BL为核心的嵌入式运动控制系统,完美解决中小型工业设备中高速高精度的运动控制需求。相比传统的运动控制卡,具有成本低、体积小、功耗低、运行稳定等特点,可广泛应用于中小型数控机床、包装机械、各类切割机、雕刻机等数控运动设备中。     

温度环境下机载设备的按键开关检测方法研究

为了对在封闭温箱中带按键开关的机载设备进行自动按压及拨动等测试,开发基于直角坐标机械手的测试控制系统.该系统通过PC104模块控制3轴运动控制器对3个步进电机进行操作,进而控制执行机构完成对按键及开关的各种操作动作.     

Speed control strategy of dual flexible servo system considering time-varying parameters for flexible manipulator with an axially translating arm

Many factors lead to fluctuations of output speed in the motor side during the movement processes in a flexible manipulator with an axially translating arm. These factors include the time-varying characteristics of manipulator parameters, external disturbance, and flexibility in the manipulator. The vibration of flexible manipulators is strengthened by fluctuations of output speed, which seriously affects the motion accuracy. Therefore, a variable parameters proportional–integral (PI) control strategy based on disturbance observer is adopted to reduce fluctuations of output speed in a dual flexible servo system. First, the dynamic model of the dual flexible servo system is established by the assumed mode method. Then, the variable parameters PI control strategy is applied to the servo system, and the controller parameters in different conditions are selected by pole placement strategies. Finally, numerical simulations and control experiments of the servo system are carried out. The results show that the control strategy using the variable parameters and disturbance observer could reduce fluctuations of output speed and improve the motion accuracy of flexible manipulators.     

门架式机械手在低压电流互感器自动检定系统中的应用

介绍了一种已在低压电流互感器自动检定系统中成功应用的门架式机械手。该机械手采用PL C作为控制系统,利用伺服电机控制器和气动电磁阀分别控制机械手运动电缸和重载型平行气爪,实现了机械手直角坐标运动、腕部电缸旋转和气爪的张开和闭合,能够完成互感器抓取和搬运的动作。现场应用证明其可靠性高,运行平稳精准,能够满足低压电流互感器自动检定系统的使用要求。     

农业机器人并联采摘臂视觉伺服控制

介绍了一种基于视觉伺服的农业机器人并联采摘系统,该系统由视觉系统、上位机、下位机、并联机构等4部分组成.视觉系统采集目标图像并传递给上位机,上位机对图像进行处理,识别和定位目标,计算并联机构的运动控制量,通过串口通信发送给下位机,下位机接收到控制量后,根据运动控制量驱动继电器模块作相应的开关动作,完成并联采摘臂的控制.实验证明:该系统对于实现农业机器人采摘作业具有可行性.     

Design and application of a sliding mode controller for accurate motion synchronization of dual servo systems

This paper presents a continuous time sliding mode controller (SMC) design to deal with the problem of motion synchronization in dual spindle servo systems. Synchronization error is defined as the differential position error between the two servo drives that follow identical reference motion trajectory. Proposed SMC controller penalizes three error states; namely individual axis tracking errors and the synchronization error for accurate synchronization. The control law is derived from Lyapunov energy function without switching condition. The controller shows robust motion synchronization against disturbances and parameter variations. Proposed SMC control is implemented in conventional double-sided machining operation.     

六自由度检修机械臂合理路径规划系统设计

为减少六自由度检修机械臂抓取动作花费的时间,设计一种六自由度检修机械臂合理路径规划系统。此次研究的系统硬件部分主要包含主控制器、伺服电机控制器与通信模块。系统软件部分,计算出机器人与障碍物之间的距离,并计算出所有机器人上点与障碍物之间的距离,采用设置虚拟障碍物的创新型人工势场法进行路径规划,避免传统人工势场法的弊端,以保证机器人与障碍物之间有一定的安全距离,以此完成六自由度检修机械臂合理路径规划。实验结果表明,在有障碍的情况下,此次研究的六自由度检修机械臂合理路径规划系统在2~4 min之内就能够完成抓取动作,并且此次研究的系统控制后的关节曲线较为平稳,证明此次研究的六自由度检修机械臂合理路径规划系统具有较好的控制效果,满足了系统设计需求。     

Neural-network-based two-loop control of robotic manipulators including actuator dynamics in task space

A neural-network-based motion controller in task space is presented in this paper. The proposed controller is addressed as a two-loop cascade control scheme. The outer loop is given by kinematic control in the task space. It provides a joint velocity reference signal to the inner one. The inner loop implements a velocity servo loop at the robot joint level. A radial basis function network （RBFN） is integrated with proportional-integral （PI） control to construct a velocity tracking control scheme for the inner loop. Finally, a prototype technology based control system is designed for a robotic manipulator. The proposed control scheme is applied to the robotic manipulator. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed control scheme by comparing it with other control strategies.     

Dual sliding mode coordinated control of manipulator grasping system with visual assistance

The operation efficiency of the manipulator is placed in the primary position in automatic production. This paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for joint servo and visual servo to enable timely transfer and accurate gripping in the working area. Aiming at the issues of chattering and slow convergence of traditional sliding mode controller, a fast variable power reaching rate on the basis of the non-singular fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed, which can effectively reduce the convergence time and chattering. For the purpose of addressing the problem that the traditional visual servo control method is sensitive to the environment, a visual servo controller based on integral sliding mode is proposed, to ensure the favorable positioning accuracy of the manipulator. Based on the two proposed controllers mentioned above, a coordinated control strategy is used to implement the control of the manipulator. Finally, the upper computer software is developed using the C# programming language to monitor the workstation. The feasibility of the above-mentioned method is verified through multiple simulations and experiments.     

空间机械臂地面竖直方向重力补偿控制系统设计

为解决大型空间机械臂地面微重力模拟实验问题,设计了一种3维主动悬吊式重力补偿系统.系统主要由水平2维直线运动单元与竖直重力平衡吊挂单元组成,在竖直方向上通过恒张力控制思想实现微重力模拟,并给出了带负载的伺服电机的数学模型.提出一种基于模糊PID(比例―积分―微分)参数整定的力/位混合控制方法,并研究了在未知负载干扰、系统干扰以及机械臂不同运动速度下控制器的控制性能.仿真实验结果表明,该控制方法能够将重力补偿精度保持在0.3%F.S(全量程)之内,使得系统具有较强的鲁棒性和动态响应能力.     

Microcomputer-based real-time control of a pantograph mechanism robot

This paper presents a technique for microcomputerbased real-time control of a three-axis pantograph robot. The dynamic model of a pantograph type manipulator, which includes both the kinematic and kinetic equations of motion. is first established by applying Lagrange's method. In order to improve the computational efficiency, the nonlinear and coupled coefficients of the equations of motion are then simplified by using a piecewise planar surface fitting scheme. The pantograph manipulator possesses three independently powered joints. Each joint provides position and rate feedback to a proportional and derivative (PD) type servo controller. Simulation results show that the proposed simplification and control algorithms are very suitable for microcomputer-based real-time control of a simple pantograph type manipulator.     

Neural network Reinforcement Learning for visual control of robot manipulators

It is known that most of the key problems in visual servo control of robots are related to the performance analysis of the system considering measurement and modeling errors. In this paper, the development and performance evaluation of a novel intelligent visual servo controller for a robot manipulator using neural network Reinforcement Learning is presented. By implementing machine learning techniques into the vision based control scheme, the robot is enabled to improve its performance online and to adapt to the changing conditions in the environment. Two different temporal difference algorithms (Q-learning and SARSA) coupled with neural networks are developed and tested through different visual control scenarios. A database of representative learning samples is employed so as to speed up the convergence of the neural network and real-time learning of robot behavior. Moreover, the visual servoing task is divided into two steps in order to ensure the visibility of the features: in the first step centering behavior of the robot is conducted using neural network Reinforcement Learning controller, while the second step involves switching control between the traditional Image Based Visual Servoing and the neural network Reinforcement Learning for enabling approaching behavior of the manipulator. The correction in robot motion is achieved with the definition of the areas of interest for the image features independently in both control steps. Various simulations are developed in order to present the robustness of the developed system regarding calibration error, modeling error, and image noise. In addition, a comparison with the traditional Image Based Visual Servoing is presented. Real world experiments on a robot manipulator with the low cost vision system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.