几种不稳定滞后对象的预测PID 控制

针对几种不稳定滞后过程，给出一种预测PID控制器的结构形式．该控制器具有内环和外环两种控制器：内环控制器主要用于稳定系统；外环控制器具有预测PID控制的结构形式，主要用于消除输入干扰的影响和改善控制系统的动态性能．这种控制器结构简单，可调参数少，且参数的调节方便、直观．仿真结果表明，在干扰和模型失配的情况下，此类预测PID控制器仍具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性能．     

基于新型组合积分控制器的积分过程先进控制

针对工业生产过程中常见的积分加纯滞后的过程对象,提出了一类双闭环控制器：内环和外环均使用组合积分控制器。内环用于系统的稳定,外环消除输入干扰的影响和改善控制系统的动态性能。这种控制器结构简单,仅有两个可调参数,且参数整定方便、直观。仿真结果表明：对于积分加纯滞后对象,在模型失配和干扰存在的情况下,该控制算法仍然能够保持稳定的被控输出,具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和动态调节品质,同时对时间常数较大的一阶加纯滞后系统也有着良好的控制效果。     

一类非自衡加纯滞后系统的双预测P I 控制

提出了一类基于非自衡加大纯滞后过程的双预测PI控制器的结构形式，这种控制器结构筒单，可调参数少，参数的调节方便、直观，仿真结果表明：在干扰和模型失配的情况下，此类控制器仍具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性，是一种值得在实际工程中推广应用的新型控制器。     

自适应鲁棒最优PI控制器

提出一种具有鲁棒性能的自适应最优PI控制器, 它首先基于控制回路在正常运行操作中产生的过程输入和输出信号, 通过信号分解和频域分析在线辨识出过程对象在重要频率点的频率特性, 然后计算出可同时满足鲁棒性能指标λ和最小负载扰动特性的最优PI控制器参数, 同时控制性能可以很方便地根据实际需要通过改变鲁棒性能指标λ来调节. PI控制器的自适应过程不需要过程对象和控制器的任何先验知识, 也不需要中断控制回路的正常运行, 仿真实验表明了自适应控制器的有效性和可行性.     

高阶时滞对象的预测PI(D)控制

利用频率域模型降阶理论,提出了高阶时滞对象的预测PI(D)控制器两种设计方法.一种方法是直接将高阶滞后对象在频率域内降阶为低阶滞后对象,针对低阶滞后对象设计预测PI(D)控制器;另一种方法是按照规定的性能指标设计控制器,并将该控制器在频率域内降阶为具有预测PI(D)控制器的结构形式.这两种方法设计的控制器均具有结构简单、可调参数少、参数调节方便的特点.仿真表明:在模型失配的情况下,此两类预测PI(D)控制器仍然具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性能.     

基于T-S模糊模型的复杂系统的灵敏度分析

为模拟空间对接强制校正阶段的推出和拉近过程,提出基于六自由度并联机器人位置内环的柔顺力控制策略.综合考虑参数变化、模型变动和外来干扰等不确定性,利用μ综合控制理论设计鲁棒力控制器,并通过μ分析比较鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能.鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器的实验结果,表明了所设计鲁棒力控制器的有效性和优越性.     

低阶时滞过程的伪预测PI／PID控制

基于单位反馈控制结构,根据期望的闭环传递函数设计得到了一种伪预测PI/PID(ADQPI/ADQPID)控制器。这种控制器只有一个可调参数,可调参数与系统动态响应性能和鲁棒稳定性之间存在直接关系,只需单调的调节控制器参数,便可实现系统的动态响应性能与鲁棒稳定性之间的最佳折衷。仿真实例表明,这种控制器在扰动和模型失配的情况下仍然具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性,是一种值得在实际工程中推广运用的新型控制器。     

基于区间矩阵的四旋翼无人机鲁棒跟踪控制

针对飞行环境不断变化的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪问题,提出了基于区间矩阵的鲁棒跟踪控制策略.首先,将四旋翼无人机非线性动态模型解耦为外环位置控制系统和内环角度控制系统.接着,考虑到飞行环境变化引起的升力系数、中高速飞行下不可忽略的阻力系数等参数的不确定性,引入区间矩阵对内外环系统的系统参数进行描述,并对内外环控制系统设计鲁棒H_∞反馈控制策略来抑制有界外部扰动.然后,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性定理得到了使外环系统指数渐近稳定和内环系统鲁棒渐近稳定且均满足H_∞性能指标的LMI充分条件,同时,给出了控制器增益的求解方法.最后,仿真及实验结果结果验证了所提方法的鲁棒性、优越性和有效性.     

高相对阶连续时间系统的间接迭代学习控制

本文提出了一类高相对阶线性连续时间系统的间接迭代学习控制算法,该算法相对独立于系统局部控制器,因此可以应用于已有局部反馈控制器的系统.采用具有极点配置的H∞鲁棒控制器作为系统的内环控制,而在外环通过迭代学习控制调整内环系统的指令信号.通过引入拉氏变化,构建了迭代学习系统的2-D Roesser模型,推导了系统渐近收敛条件,并研究了存在有界初始条件偏移和迭代变化外部干扰时算法的鲁棒性能.最后,利用空中加油对接控制的算例进一步验证了算法的有效性.     

基于Hamilton理论的可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统无张力计控制

基于反馈耗散Hamilton理论研究了可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统的无张力计控制问题. 首先,对系统速度张力外环(主轧机速度环和左、右卷取机张力控制环)进行预反馈控制, 并采用反馈耗散Hamilton理论完成了速度张力外环控制器的设计. 其次, 为了实现系统的无张力计控制及对摄动参数的自适应估计, 基于"扩张系统+反馈"方法完成了系统速度张力外环自适应状态观测器的设计. 再次, 为了实现可逆冷带轧机主轧机速度和左、右卷取机张力间的协调控制及对外扰不确定项的干扰抑制, 基于backstepping方法完成了系统电流内环鲁棒控制器的设计. 理论分析表明, 所提出的控制方法能够保证闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性. 最后, 基于某1422mm可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统的实际数据进行仿真, 并同串级PI控制方法相比较, 结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

A Novel Method Of Controller Design For Simultaneous Stabilization And Performance Improvement Of An Electromagnetic Levitation System

This paper describes design and implementation of a control philosophy for simultaneous stabilization and performance improvement of an electromagnetic levitation system. An electromagnetic levitation system is an inherently unstable and strongly nonlinear system. To determine the overall closed loop stability for such a system, cascade lead‐lag compensation has mostly been reported [1,2]. However, a single lead controller can not satisfy both stability and performance for such unstable systems [3]. Performance enhancement to satisfy the conflicting requirements of fast response with almost zero overshoot and zero steady state error has been successfully achieved by using a two loop controller configuration. The lead controller in the inner loop is designed to ensure stability while the outer loop PI controller is designed for performance enhancement. This approach decouples the twin requirements of stabilization (by the inner loop) and performance achievement (by the outer PI loop). The outermost PI controller has been designed using the ‘Approximate Model Matching’ technique [4]. The proposed control strategy has been implemented and the experimentation has been demonstrated successfully. Different experimental results have been included for verification.     

Robust IMC–PID tuning for cascade control systems with gain and phase margin specifications

In this article, an internal model control plus proportional-integral-derivative (IMC–PID) tuning procedure for cascade control systems is proposed based on the gain and phase margin specifications of the inner and outer loop. The internal model control parameters are adjusted according to the desired frequency response of each loop with a minimum interaction between the inner and outer PID controllers, obtaining a fine tuning and the desired gain and phase margins specifications due to an appropriate selection of the PID controller gains and constants. Given the design specifications for the inner and outer loop, this tuning procedure adjusts the IMC parameter of each controller independently, with no interference between the inner and outer loop obtaining a robust method for cascade controllers with better performance than sequential tuning or other frequency domain-based methods. This technique is accurate and simple, providing a convenient technique for the PID tuning of cascade control systems in different applications such as mechanical, electrical or chemical systems. The proposed tuning method explained in this article provides a flexible tuning procedure in comparison with other tuning procedures because each loop is tuned simultaneously without modifying the robustness characteristics of the inner and outer loop. Several experiments are shown to compare and validate the effectiveness of the proposed tuning procedure over other sequential or cascade tuning methods; some experiments under different conditions are done to test the performance of the proposed tuning technique. For these reasons, a robustness analysis based on sensitivity is shown in this article to analyze the disturbance rejection properties and the relations of the IMC parameters.     

Tracking in scale quad-rotors through adaptive augmentation

This paper illustrates the application of an adaptive flight control architecture to a scale quad-rotor. For autonomous vertical takeoff and landing flight, it is common to separate the control problem into an inner fast loop that controls attitude and an outer slow loop that controls the trajectory tracking. In this paper, we augment a conventional proportional and derivative controller conceived mainly for hovering, with an adaptive element using a real-time tuning single hidden layer neural network in a inner–outer loop combined architecture to account for model inversion error cancelation, issued in the feedback linearization process. The results shown in simulations reveal the superior performance of the augmented controller in tracking maneuvers.     

Robust tuning of Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) PI/PID based cascade control systems

A design approach for Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) PID controllers within a cascade control configuration that guarantees robust and smooth control is presented in this paper. The use of a cascade control configuration comes into place when the use of an additional (intermediate) sensor provides the possibility for a compensation of a load-disturbance before it affects the output variable. The rationale of operation associated to both the inner and outer controllers determines the need of good performance for disturbance attenuation (regulation) as well as set-point following (tracking). Therefore, the use of 2-DoF controllers is introduced. However, the use of 2-DoF controllers, introduces additional parameters that need to be tuned appropriately. Specially for the case of PI/PID controllers there are not known clear auto-tuning guidelines for such situation. The approach undertaken in this paper provides the complete set of tuning parameters for the inner (2-DoF PI) controller and the outer (2-DoF PID) controller. The trade-off among control system performance (measured in terms of closed-loop response speed) and robustness allows to derive a recommendation for the design-parameter lower limit. The design equations are formulated in such a way that a non-oscillatory response is specified for both the inner and outer loop. A side advantage of providing the complete set of parameters is that it avoids the need for the usual identification experiment for the tuning of the outer controller.     

A controller tuning methodology for the air supply system of a PEM fuel-cell system with guaranteed stability properties

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a gaseous fuel directly into electricity. They are widely regarded as potential future stationary and mobile power sources. The response of a fuel-cell system depends on the air and hydrogen feed, flow and pressure regulation, and heat and water management. In this article, the study is concentrated on the air subsystem that feeds the fuel-cell cathode with oxygen and, in particular, on the problem of providing tuning rules for these controllers ensuring stability of the overall system. Proceeding from a reduced order non-linear model, that preserves the main features of the (by-now classical) ninth order model, we suggest a natural decomposition into interconnected subsystems where one of them is strictly passive, hence finite ?₂-gain stable, and the other one depends on the controller parameters. The proposed tuning methodology consists then on enforcing the required input–output property of the feedback loop, either passivity or a suitable ?₂-gain. For this end, the feedback operator is linearised, then robust Kharitonov-based positive (or bounded) realness conditions are imposed to determine the allowable ranges for the controller gains. We illustrate the methodology with a classical cascaded loop-controller structure with an inner loop feedback linearising controller and an outer loop PI regulator. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the conservativeness of the analysis as well as the performance improvement obtained with a suitable tuning.     

基于预测控制的刨花板施胶比值系统研究

在刨花板生产线施胶过程中,刨花施胶精度对刨花板的物理性能和环保性能影响较大。为了提高刨花施胶效果,设计了基于KPFC-PI的比值控制系统,将比值器和PFC作为控制系统外环,用以提高胶液流量按照比值工艺跟踪刨花流量的速度和鲁棒性,系统内环路采用PI控制器,增强系统抗干扰性,并通过调节PI参数,拟合简化整个内环路,作为外环PFC的一阶加纯滞后广义处理对象,用来减少干扰引起的偏差。通过仿真实验,说明了该控制器与PID控制相比,可有效提高刨花板施胶精度、保持施胶量稳定性和具有较强抗干扰性能。     

Application of two‐loop robust control to air‐conditioning systems

This paper presents the design and application of a two‐loop robust controller for temperature control in air‐conditioning systems. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model with uncertain local models is developed to describe the associated nonlinearities and uncertainties in the operation of the air handling units. Parallel distributed compensation is used to design the global control law. The local control law consists of two loops: an inner‐loop integral controller and an outer‐loop min‐max predictive controller with short prediction horizon. A discounting scheme is developed to weight the contribution of the two loops. Experimental results are presented which show that the proposed strategy can achieve acceptable control performance with a minimum of onsite tuning. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society