直线电机模糊增量PID控制算法的研究

直线电机在当今的控制设备中应用越来越广泛.深入研究了直线电机原理,建立了电流、位移的双闭环伺服直线电机控制模型.在控制模型的位移控制模块中,采用了模糊增量PID控制算法来实现对位置调节器进行参数自整定、自适应的控制.用Matlab的Simulink工具进行仿真,结果表明,相比传统的PID控制和增量PID控制,在位移控制...     

基于STM32的高精度柔性多轴运动控制系统设计

针对多台高精度直线电机组成的柔性夹持系统缺乏多轴控制器的问题，文中提出一种可以同时控制多台直线电机实现高精度定位、柔性夹持易碎物品、具备上位机界面和总线通信控制功能的多轴运动控制系统。该装置由主控制器、上位机软件、直线电机和.伺服电机、步进电机以及运动结构部件组成。主控制器由STM32F103VET6芯片与外围器件构成。光栅尺传感器产生位置信号分辨率达到05μm实现高精度控制。主控输出PWM控制I信号由驱动器放大并驱动直线电机运行，电流传感器监测负载变化情况结合控制算法实现柔性控制。主控程序逻辑包括多轴运动控制、PD算法控制、电流监测、RS232上位机通信和CAN总线多联机通信模块。通过CAN总线进行多联机协同运动控制，上位机软件实时监测和控制全部参数。该系统可以有效解决多台高精度直线电机协同控制的问题，本文阐述了该系统的框架及实现原理。     

永磁同步直线电机初始位置检测的研究

研究永磁同步直线电机初级和次级相对初始位置的检测原理及实现方法.通过直线电机坐标系的变换探讨直线电机的磁场分布,以及直线电机的电角度与位移的关系.推导d轴的电角度计算公式.提出一种使用绝对式光栅尺和FPGA器件来检测初始位置的方法,实现直线电机在任意位置的启动.     

基于嵌入式技术的平台稳定控制系统的建立与实现

该系统是通过对小球轨迹的追踪和平面的控制使小球稳定到达目标位置的系统。本系统采用红外对管定位,通过两排红外对管对小球的扫描得到小球的实时位置,然后通过采用增量式PID算法,比例控制减小系统稳定误差,积分控制实现消除稳态误差,微分控制实现超前控制,加快动态响应。实现对平面的稳定控制,使小球可以在平面上实现直线,曲线运动到达目标位置。采用矩阵键盘和TFTLCD显示屏,选择目标位置和显示各个参数,使系统更加完善稳定的实现目的。     

二维直线电机的无模型高阶滑模解耦控制

针对二维直线电机运动系统存在的非线性、多变量、不确定性以及强耦合作用对控制精度的影响，提出一种无模型高阶滑模解耦控制方法。以紧格式动态线性化无模型控制技术为基础，设计一种数据驱动滑模面并验证滑模面的渐进稳定性；利用高阶滑模控制思想设计高阶滑模控制律，对二维直线电机XY轴进行整体控制，减小位置跟踪误差，并进行稳定性和收敛性证明。采用自适应解耦控制策略，设计离散扩张状态观测器对系统两轴间耦合、未建模动态和未知外部干扰进行估计和补偿，进一步实现系统的解耦。仿真和实物实验结果表明，所提方案能够有效提高二维直线电机的位置控制精度。     

基于D-FNN的开关磁阻无位置传感器的研究

提出了一种基于扩展径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的动态模糊神经网络(D-FNN)的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制的新方法。动态模糊神经网络系统以在线采样的相绕组的电流和磁链为输入,以转子位置角度为输出,从而建立起电流和磁链、转子位置角度的非线性映射关系;训练完成后,用D-FNN输出结果取代位置传感器角度信号,实现电机无位置传感器运行。仿真和实验结果表明:由D-FNN获得的角度信号和由位置传感器获得的角度信号相比误差小,电机能够准确换相,且输出转矩波动小,转速曲线平滑,电机在无位置传感器下运行良好。     

基于DSP的直线感应电机模糊矢量控制系统研究

针对直线感应电机强耦合、多变量、非线性、时变的控制特点,将模糊控制策略应用到转差频率直线感应电机矢量控制系统中;建立了计及端部效应的直线感应电机等效数学模型,设计了基于DSP的直线感应电机模糊控制系统的软硬件,采用磁链开环、速度和电流闭环的矢量控制系统,对速度模糊控制器进行了设计;对直线感应电机在起动和负载情况下的动态特性进行了仿真实验,结果表明:采用模糊控制实现的直线感应电机转差频率矢量控制系统比具有基本数学模型的传统PI控制系统具有更强的鲁棒性。     

单片机控制的物料运送系统设计

本文详细介绍了利用单片机控制步进电机的原理与方法,包含了步进电机原理,控制系统硬件设计和软件设计.控制系统可以实现步进电机的速度和到达位置的精密控制.可以显示运行速度和运送位置,并可以通过按键调节运行速度和运送位置的校正。     

城轨车辆直线电机牵引控制系统国产化的研究

针对城市轨道交通车辆直线电机运行的特点，研究探讨了直线牵引电机的控制方法；应用新型32位DSP芯片TMS320F2812及实时多任务操作系统DSP／BIOS实现了具体的牵引控制系统方案；该系统采用独特的补偿控制算法，最大牵引力跟踪和在线参数校正，提高了车辆直线电机运行的稳定性和牵引力；通过仿真分析验证了该控制系统方案的可行性，对以后直线电机车辆实现国产化有一定的参考价值。     

数据驱动的无模型自适应直线伺服系统精密控制和实现

针对现代制造业对高精度机床伺服系统的要求, 将数据驱动的无模型自适应控制方法应用到直线伺服系统的位置控制中, 控制器设计不包括直线伺服系统结构的任何信息, 是直接基于动态线性化模型中伪偏导数的估计和预报, 而伪偏导数是根据直线电机电压输入和位置输出在线估计的. 永磁同步直线电机运动控制系统的实时实验结果表明, 在相同条件下, 数据驱动的无模型自适应控制方法的位置跟踪误差比PID减小了0.4mm到2.6 mm, 比神经网络控制时减小了0.2mm到0.5 mm. 该方法还提高了对负载扰动的鲁棒性.     

垂直姿态的非正交测量优化与校正

垂直小角度时,采用的非正交姿态测量方法旨在解决传感器输出信号极微弱和解算精度低等问题。描述了非正交坐标系的理论模型,对其进行了优化,确定了最佳偏置角度。利用补偿矩阵对因测斜仪安装问题引入的位置误差进行校正,通过井斜角和工具面角的解算结果验证校正效果。测试结果表明,在偏置角为45°时,姿态参数具有较高的解算精度;而数据校正能大幅度降低位置误差,进一步提高测量精度。     

基于弹载IMU/GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准研究与仿真

对基于弹载IMU／GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准问题进行了研究与仿真；首先，分析了弹载IMU与GPS的系统误差，建市获得了其系统误差模型；然后，利用卡尔曼滤波技术，设计了弹载IMU／GPS组合导航系统的动基座对准算法；仿真结果表明，在初始误差较大的情况下，经过360秒的动基座对准，IMU的姿态角误差可降至10个角秒，同时位置和速度误差也得到了有效修正，从而证明该动基座对准算法是行之有效的。     

编码器原理及其在风电控制系统中的应用

本文主要讨论增量式和绝对式旋转光电编码器如何在风电控制系统中准确测量变桨电机转子旋转速度和位置。以及双馈发电机转子转速的精确测量,实现对桨叶角度控制和双馈发电机的伺服控制。     

Robust output feedback learning control for induction motor servo drives

This paper addresses the output feedback tracking control problem for induction motor servo drives with mechanical uncertainties: rotor angle, rotor speed and stator currents are assumed to be available for feedback. A robust adaptive learning control is designed under the assumption that the reference profile for the rotor angle is periodic with known period: it ‘learns’ the periodic disturbance signal by identifying the Fourier coefficients of any truncated approximation; ??₂ and ??_∞ transient performances are guaranteed in the ‘learning phase’. It is shown that, for any motor initial condition belonging to an arbitrary given compact set, by properly setting the control parameters: (i) the rotor position and flux modulus tracking errors exponentially converge to residual sets, which may be arbitrarily reduced by increasing the number of terms in the truncated Fourier series; (ii) when the unknown periodic disturbance can be represented by a finite Fourier series, the rotor position and flux modulus tracking errors exponentially converge to zero. As in field oriented‐control, the control algorithm generates references for the magnetizing flux component and for the torque component of the stator current leading to significant simplifications for current‐fed motors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design,dynamic modelling and experimental validation of a 2DOF flexible antenna sensor

A two-degree-of-freedom flexible antenna sensor platform was designed to physically simulate the ability of a robotic arm, which rapidly reorients and targets itself towards specific surfaces from different approachable angles. An accurate antenna model involves non-linear expressions that represent the system dynamics. Therefore, a comprehensive study along with experimental work has been carried out in order to achieve accurate system identification and validate the dynamic model. The model developed has proven useful in controlling the antenna tip, minimising the effects of the non-linear flexural dynamics and the Coulomb friction. The system was driven by servo motors. Algebraic controllers were developed for the antenna tip to track the reference trajectory. The platform system used encoders to measure the joint angles and a loadcell sensor to obtain the flexible link tip position. To validate the sensory information, the results obtained by the integrated sensors were compared to that of an external camera system.     

Measurement and compensation of errors in absolute encoder using dual absolute encoder system

The dual absolute encoder (DAE) system is a measurement system for a motion control system that comprises two absolute encoders and one reduction mechanism. In terms of accuracy and measuring range, DAE is superior to ordinary dual encoder systems, which comprise one incremental encoder, one absolute encoder, and a reduction mechanism. In this study, we focus on the error measurement and compensation using DAE system. There have been many studies to measure and compensate for the errors in measuring systems. However, this typically demands high precision equipment to measure the errors, and attaching and detaching the equipment affects the errors. We measured the errors in the absolute encoder by using the DAE systems solely. The measured errors are modeled using harmonic functions and compensated for by using the modeled errors. The experimental results reveal that the maximum errors and mean absolute errors decrease by one-seventh and one-twelfth, respectively, after error compensation. As a result, we can compensate the errors in the encoders with the encoder system, itself. Additionally, the modeled errors in a DAE system are observed to remain constant even when changing the reduction ratios between two absolute encoders. Once the errors are measured and modeled in the DAE system, the modeled errors can be applied to a DAE system with a different reduction ratio for error compensation.

     

光电编码器的原理与应用

位置检测装置作为数控机床的重要组成部分,其作用就是检测位移量,并发出反馈信号与数控装置发出的指令信号相比较。光电编码器就是一种旋转式位置传感器,在现代数控伺服系统中广泛应用于角位移或角速率的测量。目前生产和使用的数控机床大多采用的是半闭环控制方式,大多数的系统生产厂家均将位置编码器内置于驱动电机端部,间接测量执行部件的实际位置或位移。     

Navigation of automated guided vehicles using magnet spot guidance method

Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVSs) are used to transport goods and products in most manufacturing systems. In this research, we use a cylindrical magnet spot, which is widely used in industrial AGVSs, to develop a guidance system for indoor AGV navigation. This paper describes the navigation and control system of an AGV by magnet spot guidance with a differential drive. Furthermore, Hall-effect sensors, encoders, and counters are employed to achieve control and continuous guidance. Existing guidance methods use a gyro sensor and dead reckoning with encoders to calibrate against steering angle errors. Here, the maximum value of the magnetic flux density of the magnet spot, which is obtained by the Hall-effect sensor, is used to calibrate against steering angle errors and as a navigation guide for the AGV. Furthermore, real-time corrections for wheel-skidding errors are accomplished with a fuzzy controller. Thus, high-precision continuous guidance with stable and satisfactory navigation at high speeds is achieved. This guidance method was applied to real manufacturing processes in a ceramic plant and steel-bar reinforcement plant to examine its control ability, stability, and effectiveness. The proposed method was found to be robust to disturbances and uncertainty problems during tracking.     

采集系统通道传输特性校正

采集系统中ADC前端的抗混迭滤波器等模拟器件通常会对通道传输特性带来较大的幅相误差，对这些误差可以采用将采样序列通过数字校正滤波器的方法校正。本文首先介绍了校正通道幅相误差的几种办法，指出幅相误差必须同时校正以得到最佳性能；然后给出了求解逼近给定幅相频率响应的FIR实系数滤波器的线性规划方法；最后，作者将这一算法应用在700Msps通道的双通道数据采集系统中，取得了很好的校正效果。     

Intemal correction of dead-reckoning errors with a dual-drive compliant linkage mobil robot

This paper presents internal position error correction (IPEC)—a new method for accurate and reliable dead-reckoning with mobile robots. The IPEC method has been implemented on our recently developed multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) mobile platform, a vehicle in which two differential-drive mobile robots (called trucks) are physically connected through a compliant linkage. In addition to its four wheel encoders, the MDOF platform has one linear and two rotary internal encoders, which allow measurement of the relative distance and bearing between the two trucks. During operation, both trucks perform conventional dead-reckoning with their wheel encoders. But, in addition, the IPEC method uses information from the internal encoders to detect and correct dead-reckoning errors as soon as they occur. Our system, called compliant linkage autonomous platform with position error recovery (CLAPPER), requires neither external references (such as navigation beacons, artificial landmarks, known floorplans, or satellite signals), nor inertial navigation aids (such as accelerometers or gyros). Nonetheless, the experimental results included in this article show one to two orders of magnitude better positioning accuracy than systems based on conventional dead-reckoning. The CLAPPER corrects not only systematic errors, such as different wheel diameters, but also non-systematic errors, such as those caused by floor roughness, bumps, or cracks in the floor. These features are made possible by exploiting the new growth-rate concept for dead-reckoning errors that is introduced in this article for the first time. The growth-rate concept distinguishes between certain dead-reckoning errors that develop slowly and other dead-reckoning errors that develop quickly. Based on this concept, truck A frequently measures a property with slow-growing error characteristics on reference truck B (thus admitting a small error) to detect a fast-growing error on truck A (thus correcting a large error), and vice versa. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.