分布式贝叶斯检测融合优化算法及其计算机仿真

该文研究了利用分布式多传感器获得全局决策的分布式信号检测问题。在这种检测系统中各传感器将其各自关于观测对象的决策传送至融合中心,融合中心根据融合规则给出全局决策。研究重点是基于贝叶斯准则的分布式并联检测融合系统的数据融合理论,给出了使系统全局最优的融合规则和传感器决策规则,提出了对融合规则和传感器决策规则进行优化计算的非线性高斯一赛德尔算法,具体讨论了两相同传感器、两个不同传感器和三个相同传感器在具有独立观测时的数据融合问题。给出了利用本文所提算法对上述几种情况进行计算机仿真的仿真实例。仿真结果表明：融合系统的性能相对传感器有显著改善,采用三个相同传感器的融合系统,其贝叶斯风险下降了26．5％。     

分布式检测系统的一种软决策融合算法

在分布式检测系统中,为了进一步提高系统的性能,各传感器可以向融合中心发送多位二进制判决信息.对于这种发送多位判决信息的软决策融合系统,提出了一种对各传感器观测空间进行再划分的方法,它将各传感器的观测空间按照其检测概率和虚警概率进行再划分.这种划分方法能够简化融合中心的计算,且计算机仿真结果表明,应用该方法后融合系统的检测性能有明显的提高.     

基于门限自适应的分布式检测融合算法

贝叶斯检测融合策略是一种比较传统的分布式检测融合方法,必须给定待检测现象的先验概率和各局部传感器的虚警概率和漏检概率,而在现实应用中,统计量是未知的或者是随时间变化的.因此,研究了一种纽曼一皮尔逊准则下的门限自适应分布式检测系统的融合算法.算法可根据观测数据,自动在线调整门限,使得局部传感器检测达到最佳,从而提高系统的检测性能.计算机仿真的结果表明,算法能较快地收敛,相对局部传感器,融合中心的检测性能也明显地有了提高.     

分布式贝叶斯数据融合系统的遗传算法优化

数据融合是将多个传感器的信息加以集成,进行综合利用,其性能优于单传感器检测.寻找分布式并联融合系统的全局最优解需要求解一组耦合的非线性方程,运算量随着系统中传感器数量的增加迅速增长,传统方法很难求解.文中分析了融合的结构,重点研究了基于遗传算法的分布式贝叶斯融合系统的全局优化.采用穷举法列举所有可行融合规则,用遗传算法搜索相应规则下的最优解,实现了系统解耦.通过比较各融合规则下的最优解,得出分布式并联融合检测系统的全局最优解.仿真结果表明,该方法求解有效,建立了全局最优的贝叶斯融合检测系统.     

一种基于多传感器决策融合的新颖监控方法

提供一种基于多传感器决策融合的新颖监控模型和方法.该方法在传感器层实现分布式判断过程,即每个传感器产生一个局部判断结果后,送到全局决策融合中心,由融合中心做出最终判断结果,从而实现大型工控系统的监控目的.将该方法在水电站监控系统平台上进行具体的实验和测试,结果表明融合模型和方法是可信且可用的,其控制与决策方式是通用的.     

基于IMM-PF的分布式估计融合算法

针对基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的估计融合算法存在线性化误差,且受高斯噪声假设限制的问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型粒子滤波(IMM-PF)的分布式多传感器估计融合算法.各传感器节点采用IMM-PF算法,以便在非线性、非高斯条件下稳健地跟踪机动目标;融合中心则采用基于粒子滤波(PF)的分布式融合方法进行全局估计融合.该算法适用于非线性、非高斯条件下的多传感器状态估计.仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高多传感器系统状态估计的精度.     

分布式自动删除平均恒虚警率检测技术

根据自动删除平均算法提出了一种新的分布式多传感器的目标检测算法. 在该方法中, 首先根据自动删除平均算法(Censored cell-averaging, CCA)得到各传感器的杂波/噪声电平估计, 然后将检测单元电平与得到的杂波/噪声电平估计值相比较, 得到有无目标的局部判决,并将其传送到融合中心. 融合中心采用"k/N'融合准则得到有无目标的全局判决. 其中, 自动删除平均算法的优势明显, 它不需要干扰的先验信息, 可以容纳的干扰目标数不会像顺序统计量OS (k) (Order statistics)方法那样受指定k值的限制, 更接近实际. 自动删除平均算法还可以检测本身可能是目标的干扰. 在假定目标服从Swerling 2型起伏的情况下, 导出了相应的检测概率与虚警概率解析表达式. 多种检测器数值和图表分析的比较结果表明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

分布式多传感器检测系统时间序列数据融合算法研究

本文在Ｃｈａｉｒ和Ｖａｒｓｈｎｅｙ提出的数据融合算法基础上,提出一种分布式多传感器检测系统按时间序列取多组局部决策数据的融合算法及决策规则,并给出系统性能的仿真计算结果。     

一种分布式检测系统的递推反馈自适应学习算法

分布式多传感器检测系统中的等概率假设在检测概率未知及时变情况下不能得到最优的检测状态．研究分布式检测系统的最优检测问题,考虑传感器虚警与漏报的概率未知,且概率不相等的情况,提出了一种递推的状态反馈自适应学习算法,通过在线的修正融合权值,最终使系统收敛于最佳权值,并对算法收敛性和误差进行了理论分析．仿真研究了概率未知、环境时变等情况下的算法性能,验证了所提方法的有效性．     

无线传感器网络中基于代理的D-S数据融合

提出了一种无线传感器网络中基于移动代理带证据权的D S融合算法。引入证据权对证据进行修正以降低冲突数据对融合结果的影响。采用三级D S组合规则进行融合决策：节点级融合计算单个节点时间域融合检测概率;簇内级融合计算簇内节点间空间域融合检测概率获取局部决策结果;簇间级融合计算簇间的融合检测概率获取最终的全局决策结果。仿真结果表明,本算法能以较小的能耗代价获取准确的融合结果并有效降低冲突数据对融合结果的影响。     

A new multiple decisions fusion rule for targets detection in multiple sensors distributed detection systems with data fusion

Currently, multiple sensors distributed detection systems with data fusion are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. The optimality of most detection fusion rules implemented in these systems relies on the knowledge of probability distributions for all distributed sensors. The overall detection performance of the central processor is often worse than expected due to instabilities of the sensors probability density functions. This paper proposes a new multiple decisions fusion rule for targets detection in distributed multiple sensor systems with data fusion. Unlike the published studies, in which the overall decision is based on single binary decision from each individual sensor and requires the knowledge of the sensors probability distributions, the proposed fusion method derives the overall decision based on multiple decisions from each individual sensor assuming that the probability distributions are not known. Therefore, the proposed fusion rule is insensitive to instabilities of the sensors probability distributions. The proposed multiple decisions fusion rule is derived and its overall performance is evaluated. Comparisons with the performance of single sensor, optimum hard detection, optimum centralized detection, and a multiple thresholds decision fusion, are also provided. The results show that the proposed multiple decisions fusion rule has higher performance than the optimum hard detection and the multiple thresholds detection systems. Thus it reduces the loss in performance between the optimum centralized detection and the optimum hard detection systems. Extension of the proposed method to the case of target detection when some probability density functions are known and applications to binary communication systems are also addressed.     

On the performance of distributed Neyman-Pearson detection systems

The performance of a distributed Neyman-Pearson detection system is considered. We assume that the decision rules of the sensors are given and that decisions from different sensors are mutually independent conditioned on both hypotheses. The purpose of decision fusion is to improve the performance of the overall system, and we are interested to know under what conditions can a better performance be achieved at fusion center, and under what conditions cannot. We assume that the probabilities of detection and false alarm of the sensors can be different. By comparing the probability of detection at fusion center with that of each of the sensors, with the probability of false alarm at fusion center constrained equal to that of the sensor, we give conditions for a better performance to be achieved at fusion center     

New results on the performance of distributed Bayesian detectionsystems

The purpose of decision fusion in a distributed detection system is to achieve a performance that is better than that of local detectors (or sensors). We consider a distributed Bayesian detection system consisting of n sensors and a fusion center, in which the decision rules of the sensors have been given and the decisions of different sensors are conditionally independent. We assume that the decision rules of the sensors can be optimum or suboptimum, and that the probabilities of detection and false alarm of the sensors can be different. Theoretical analysis on the performance of this fusion system is carried out. Conditions for the fusion system to achieve a global risk that is smaller than local risks are obtained     

新的分布交互式多模型广义概率数据关联算法

为有效解决密集杂波环境下分布式多传感器多机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于改进D-S证据组合规则的分布交互式多模型多传感器广义概率数据关联（DIMM-MSGPDA-IDS）算法。该算法首先对各局部节点均应用单传感器的IMM-GPDA算法跟踪多机动目标,并将其各模型的状态估计、协方差估计、模型概率、组合新息及其协方差矩阵等滤波结果送至融合中心;在航迹关联判决结束后,融合中心根据各模型对应似然函数的大小融合不同传感器关于同一目标的模型状态估计及其协方差矩阵,并提出利用三维（3-D）证据进行直接融合的改进D-S算法对来源于同一目标的不同传感器的各模型概率进行有效融合,然后依此概率来更新各目标的状态估计并反馈至各局部节点,使之获得更为精确的状态预测;最后,将该算法与基于D-S证据组合规则的分布交互式多模型多传感器联合概率数据关联（DIMM-MSJPDA-DS）算法进行仿真对比分析。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够很好地对强机动目标进行跟踪,且其计算量相对较小,是一种有效的分布交互式多模型多传感器多机动目标跟踪算法。     

Unexpected properties and optimum-distributed sensor detectors fordependent observation cases

Optimum-distributed signal detection system design is studied for cases with statistically dependent observations from sensor to sensor. The common parallel architecture is assumed. Here, each sensor sends a decision to a fusion center that determines a final binary decision using a nonrandomized fusion rule. General L sensor cases are considered. A discretized iterative algorithm is suggested that can provide approximate solutions to the necessary conditions for optimum distributed sensor decision rules under a fixed fusion rule. The algorithm is shown to converge in a finite number of iterations, and the solutions obtained are shown to approach the solutions to the original problem, without discretization, as the variable step size shrinks to zero. In the formulation, both binary and multiple-bit sensor decisions cases are considered. Illustrative numerical examples are presented for two-, three-, and four-sensor cases, in which a common random Gaussian signal is to be detected in Gaussian noise     

基于粒子滤波的分布式故障诊断

针对非线性、非高斯环境下多传感器的系统故障诊断问题,提出了一种新的基于粒子滤波的分布式故障诊断方法。通过粒子滤波得到的状态估计值的全概率分布信息可用于故障检测。首先建立系统分布式故障诊断模型,由于通信限制,假设各传感器只能向信息融合中心传输二进制数。在各观测值独立同分布的条件下,提出了分布式故障诊断算法,包括本地判决的设计和融合中心的准则设计。仿真结果表明了所提出算法的有效性和优越性。     

Unified fusion rules for multisensor multihypothesis network decision systems

In this paper, we present a fusion rule for distributed multihypothesis decision systems where communication patterns among sensors are given and the fusion center may also observe data. It is a specific form of the most general fusion rule, independent of statistical characteristics of observations and decision criteria, and thus, is called a unified fusion rule of the decision system. To achieve globally optimum performance, only sensor rules need to be optimized under the proposed fusion rule for the given conditional distributions of observations and decision criterion. Following this idea, we present a systematic and efficient scheme for generating optimum sensor rules and hence, optimum fusion rules, which reduce computation tremendously as compared with the commonly used exhaustive search. Numerical examples are given, which support the above results and provide a guideline on how to assign sensors to nodes in a signal detection networks with a given communication pattern. In addition, performance of parallel and tandem networks is compared.     

通信约束下的水声信号分布式检测融合算法研究

针对水声传感器网络中大延迟、低可靠通信约束下的水声信号分布式检测问题，提出了一种基于时间窗口的自适应融合算法．传感器节点依据声纳接收机的特性计算局部判决并发送给融合中心节点．融合中心节点在时间窗口内，基于已收到的局部判决在线自适应地调整融合规则，从而由最优融合算法得到最终判决．通过仿真，讨论了时间窗口的选择问题以及融合算法的性能．仿真结果表明，新算法具有很高的实用性，能够在动态变化的水声通信条件下保证整个系统高效运行．     

带有色观测噪声多传感器多重时滞系统分布式融合滤波器

基于新息分析方法, 对带有色观测噪声的多重时滞系统, 提出了一种带白噪声估值器的非增广的最优滤波器. 它等价于一个带相关白噪声多重时滞系统的一步预报器. 当系统带有多个传感器时, 推导了多重时滞系统的任意两个传感器子系统之间的估计误差互协方差阵. 基于线性最小方差最优加权融合估计算法, 给出了分布式加权融合最优滤波器. 分布式融合估计比基于每个传感器的局部估计具有更高的精度. 比增广的集中式最优滤波器具有更好的可靠性, 且避免了高维计算和大存储空间. 仿真例子验证了其有效性.