Compensation-based control for lossy communication networks

In this paper, we are concerned with the stability analysis and the design of stabilising compensation-based control algorithms for networked control systems (NCSs) that exhibit packet dropouts. In order to increase the robustness against packet dropouts for such NCSs, we propose a new type of model-based dropout compensator, which depends on the local dropout history. Moreover, we provide linear matrix inequality based synthesis conditions for such compensators guaranteeing robust stability. The analysis and design framework includes both worst-case-bound and stochastic models to describe the packet-dropout behaviour in both the sensor-to-controller and the controller-to-actuator channels. Numerical examples demonstrate the significantly improved robustness with respect to packet dropouts using the proposed dropout compensator, compared to using the existing zero strategy and the hold strategy.     

具有时变时滞和多包丢失的网络控制系统量化H∞控制

研究了具有时变时滞与多数据包丢失的网络控制系统(networked control systems,NCSs)的量化H∞控制问题.同时考虑传感器-控制器间的测量通道及控制器-执行器间的控制通道的多数据包丢失,并将其用满足Bernoulli分布的随机变量来表示.控制输入信号和测量输出信号分别在传感器和控制器两侧进行对数量化,量化误差描述为扇区有界不确定性.利用Lyapunov理论和线性矩阵不等式方法,得到了使得闭环NCSs满足一定H∞性能指标的均方意义下指数稳定充分条件,并给出了基于观测器的时滞相关控制器设计方法.最后,通过实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

具有数据包丢失及转移概率部分未知的网络控制系统H∞控制

研究一类具有数据包丢失及状态转移概率部分未知的网络控制系统随机稳定性及H∞控制问题．传感器与控制器之间、控制器与执行器之间存在数据包丢失的网络控制系统被建模成具有4个子系统的跳变系统,4个子系统之间的跳变遵行Markov跳变过程,并具有部分未知的跳变概率．利用Lyapunov稳定性定理及线性矩阵不等式的求解方法得到该类系统随机稳定的充分条件,并给出了相应的∞状态反馈控制器的设计方法．数值仿真结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性．     

具有随机时延的网络控制系统周期反馈控制

针对一类具有随机时延的网络控制系统(NCSs)周期反馈控制问题,提出一个新颖的马尔可夫随机时滞系统模型.该模型包括一个分段常数广义采样保持函数(PCGSHF)以及一个用于描述网络诱导时延和数据包丢失的马尔可夫链.应用李亚普诺夫方法以及线性矩阵不等式技术得到了闭环 NCSs 随机稳定的充分条件,并给出了状态反馈控制器和 PCGSHF 的设计方法.最后,通过仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性.     

Observer-based H-infinity control in multiple channel networked control systems with random packet dropouts

This paper investigates the observer-based $H_{\infty}$ control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with random packet dropouts. A general packet dropout model with multiple independent stochastic variables in multiple channels case is adopted to describe the data missing in the limited communication channels. With the consideration of the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator packet dropouts at the same time, a new method is proposed based on a separation lemma to design an observer-based $H_{\infty}$ controller, which exponentially stabilizes the closed-loop system in the sense of mean square and also achieves a prescribed $H_{\infty}$ disturbance attenuation level. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.     

Network‐based H∞ control for stochastic systems

This paper investigates the problem of network‐based control for stochastic plants. A new model of stochastic time‐delay systems is presented where both network‐induced delays and packet dropouts are taken into consideration for a sampled‐data network‐based control system. This model consists of two successive delay components in the state, and we solve the network‐based H_∞ control problem based on this model by a new stochastic delay system approach. The controller design for the sampled‐data systems is carried out in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, we illustrate the methodology by applying these results to an air vehicle control problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Predictive control for networked systems affected by correlated packet loss

In this paper, we consider the predictive control problem of designing receding horizon controllers for networked linear systems subject to random packet loss in the controller to actuator link. The packet dropouts are temporarily correlated in the sense that they obey a Markovian transition model. Our design task is to solve the optimal controller that minimizes a given receding horizon cost function, using the available packet loss history. Due to the correlated nature of the packet loss, standard linear quadratic regulator methods do not apply. We first present the optimal control law by considering the correlations. This controller turns out to depend on the packet loss history and would typically require a large lookup table for implementation when the Markovian order is high. To address this issue, we present and compare several suboptimal design approaches to reduce the number of control laws.     

具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统保性能控制

本文研究了一类具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统(NCSs)的建模和保性能控制问题.通过用两个马尔可夫链分别来描述前向通道和反馈通道的丢包过程,将闭环网络控制系统建模成具有两个模式的马尔可夫随机切换系统.基于线性矩阵不等式技术和李亚普诺夫方法得到了闭环系统随机稳定的充分条件,并给出了状态反馈保性能控制器的设计方法.最后通过数值算例验证本文结果的有效性.     

Fuzzy-model-based robust control of Markov jump nonlinear systems with incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts

Interval type-2 fuzzy Markov jump systems (IT2FMJSs) have received much attention because they can well describe complex nonlinear systems with uncertainties and stochastic system mode switching. However, the transition probabilities of fuzzy MJSs (FMJSs) have been assumed to be completely known, limiting real-world applications of existing results. Different from the previous studies, transition probabilities between system modes switching are partially unknown, and packet dropouts of data transmission are uncertain in this study. Compared with the previous studies, the main advantages of this work are as follows: (1) To analyze stochastic stability and reduce conservatism of existing approaches, a novel Lyapunov function that depends on both system mode and fuzzy basis function is constructed; (2) the existence of a mode-dependent and fuzzy-basis-dependent state feedback controller is revealed; (3) stochastic stability of closed-loop system with a desired $H_{\infty }$ performance is established, and the problem of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts has been completely addressed. An illustrative example of a robot arm is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy. By virtue of the proposed strategy, the effects of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts on IT2FMJSs have been completely alleviated.     

Robust H∞ control for networked systems with transmission delays and successive packet dropouts under stochastic sampling

This paper is concerned with the H_∞ performance analysis for networked control systems with transmission delays and successive packet dropouts under stochastic sampling. The parameter uncertainties are time‐varying norm‐bounded and appear in both the state and input matrices. If packet loss is considered the same as time delay, when models the networked control systems with successive packet dropouts and delays as ordinary linear system with input‐delay approach, due to sampling period is stochastic, then the delay caused by packet losses is a stochastic variable, which leads to difficulties in the stability analysis of the considered system. However, if we can transform the system with stochastic delay into a continuous system with stochastic parameter, we can solve the problem. In this paper, by assuming that the network packet loss rate and employing the information of probabilistic distribution of the time delays, the stochastic sampling system is transformed into a continuous‐time model with stochastic variable, which satisfies a Bernoulli distribution. By linear matrix inequality approach, sufficient conditions are obtained, which guarantee the robust mean‐square exponential stability of the system with an H_∞ performance. What's more, an H_∞ controller design procedure is then proposed, and a less conservative result is obtained by taking the probability into consideration. Finally, a numerical simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the obtained results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于脉冲微分系统模型的有损网络控制系统研究

针对闭环网络控制系统,在考虑网络数据传输可能发生丢包的情况下,提出了一类切换系统模型,并在此基础上导出了一类脉冲微分系统模型.从数学上严格分析了该模型的合理性,并利用驻留时间的概念得到了此系统模型的稳定性条件,进一步研究了能够忍受一定程度的数据丢包的稳定化控制器设计问题.最后给出了一个具体示例.     

测量数据丢失的一类非线性系统迭代学习控制

迭代学习控制方法应用于网络控制系统时,由于通信网络的约束导致数据包丢失现象经常发生.针对存在输出测量数据丢失的一类非线性系统,研究P型迭代学习控制算法的收敛性问题.将数据丢失描述为一个概率已知的随机伯努利过程,在此基础上给出P型迭代学习控制算法的收敛条件,理论上证明了算法的收敛性,并通过仿真验证理论结果.研究表明,当非线性系统存在输出测量数据丢失时,迭代学习控制算法仍然可以保证跟踪误差的收敛性.     

A new approach to network‐based H∞ control for stochastic systems

This paper deals with the problem of network‐based H_∞ control for a class of uncertain stochastic systems with both network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. The networked control system under consideration is represented by a stochastic model, which consists of two successive delay components in the state. The uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and norm bounded. Sufficient conditions for the existence of H_∞ controller are proposed to ensure exponentially stable in mean square of the closed‐loop system that also satisfies a prescribed performance. The conditions are expressed in the frame of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be verified easily by means of standard software. Two practical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantized H∞ Control for Networked Systems with Communication Constraints

The problem of quantized H_∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to time‐varying delay and multiple packet dropouts is investigated in this paper. Both the control input and the measurement output signals are quantized before being transmitted and the quantized errors are described as sector bound uncertainties. The measurement channel and the control channel packet dropouts are considered simultaneously, and the stochastic variables satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution are utilized to model the random multiple packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an observer‐based controller are established to ensure the exponential mean‐square stablility of the closed‐loop system and achieve the optimal H_∞ disturbance attenuation level. By using a globally convergent algorithm involving convex optimization, the nonconvex feasibility can be solved successfully. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.     

具有随机丢包的网络控制系统的镇定

研究具有随机丢包的网络控制系统(NCS)的镇定问题.同时考虑传感器节点到控制器节点(S/C)和控制器节点到执行器节点(C/A)的随机丢包,并分别对这两种丢包现象建模.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,得到闭环系统全局均方渐近稳定的充分条件.进一步利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,得到状态反馈控制律的增益矩阵.数值仿真算例验证了所得结果的有效性.     

Networked LQG control over unreliable channels

In this article, the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control problem for networked control systems when data is transmitted through a transmission control protocol (TCP)‐like network and both measurement and control packets are subject to random packet dropouts, is addressed for two cases. In the ?rst case, it is assumed that the control acknowledgment packets in TCP‐like protocols are always available, that is, they always reach the ?lter‐controller unit on time and without fail, and we propose how to design a linear optimal ‘hold‐input’ control law for this case. In the second problem, we assume the acknowledgement packets may go missing with a known probability. This case is known to be di?cult and the optimal control law would be nonlinear. Hence, we derive a suboptimal linear estimation‐control law instead. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有时变采样周期网络控制系统的严格耗散控制

研究具有时变采样周期和数据丢包的网络控制系统的渐近稳定和严格耗散控制问题.针对采样周期时变且在标称周期上下波动,数据丢包数有界,利用参数不确定的方法,网络控制系统建模为一类带有参数不确定的离散时滞系统.构造一个改进的李雅普诺夫-卡拉索夫斯基函数,基于线性矩阵不等式方法及Jensen不等式方法,给出系统严格(Q,S,R)-耗散的充分条件,得到控制器的设计方法.数值实例表明所提出的方法具有较小的保守性,同时也减少了计算量.     

Event‐triggered predictive control for networked control systems with network‐induced delays and packet dropouts

This paper presents an event‐triggered predictive control approach to stabilize a networked control system subject to network‐induced delays and packet dropouts, for which the states are not measurable. An observer‐based event generator is first designed according to the deviation between the state estimation at the current time and the one at the last trigger time. A predictive control scheme with a selector is then proposed to compensate the effect of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for stabilization of the networked control system are derived by solving linear matrix inequalities and the corresponding gains of the controller and the observer are obtained. It is shown that the event‐triggered implementation is able to realize reduction in communication and save bandwidth resources of feedback channel networks. A simulation example of an inverted pendulum model illustrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme.     

转移概率未知下具有双Markov 链的网络控制系统控制器设计

研究一类基于Markov模型的网络控制系统的稳定性和镇定控制器设计问题.针对网络控制系统中受控对象模型的随机切换和通信过程中的丢包问题,利用具有两个独立Markov链的离散时间Markov跳跃系统进行建模.在该Markov跳跃系统模态转移概率矩阵部分元素未知的情况下,充分考虑转移概率的约束条件,给出系统可镇定的充要条件和状态反馈控制器的设计方法.最后通过仿真示例验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Finite-time boundedness and stabilisation of networked control systems with bounded packet dropout

In this paper, the finite-time boundedness and stabilisation problems of a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with bounded packet dropout are investigated. The main results provided in the paper are sufficient conditions for finite-time boundedness and stability via state feedback. An iterative approach is proposed to model NCSs with bounded packet dropout as jump linear systems (JLSs). Based on Lyapunov stability theory and JLSs theory, the sufficient conditions for finite-time boundedness and stabilisation of the underlying systems are derived via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) formulation. Moreover, both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator packet dropouts are considered simultaneously. Lastly, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.