槽式太阳能集热发电系统发展状况

本文简要介绍了槽式太阳能集热发电系统的组成、关键技术、国外应用现状及国内研发状况。基于包括槽式太阳能系统在内的太阳能光热发电技术今后必然会在中国得到大力发展这样一个预期，本文作者根据自身的实际工程经验对未来中国的商业化规模的槽式太阳能热发电系统的工程设计提出了自己的建议。     

预应力钢丝缠绕的框架式技术在深海压力试验装置中的运用

本文介绍了预应力钢丝缠绕的框架式技术在我国深海压力试验装置中的首次运用。中科院深海科学与工程研究所与四川航空工业川西机器有限责任公司利用该技术成功研制了一套200MPa中型超高压试验装置,该装置为国内相关科研机构研制的钛合金载人球舱缩比件、浮力材料及无人潜水器开展了相关的压力测试,取得了良好的运用效果,表明预应力钢丝缠绕的框架式技术相比传统的一体式压力筒在大容积、超高压装备研制方面具有明显的技术优势。     

渤海油田钻完井大数据应用和发展方向

大数据和智能化油田应用于石油工程技术领域已引起石油界和学者的关注。目前渤海油田钻完井专业在建立健全数据采集硬件的基础上进行了大数据理论和技术应用的尝试,但仍亟待完善和丰富。通过对渤海钻完井技术调研,综述了渤海钻完井专业大数据应用现状。对目前已成熟应用的Wellview数据库、远程辅助决策系统、成本精细化管理、基于大数据的压裂预测等技术进行了介绍。从渤海油田钻完井专业数字化、智能化的难点等方面分析了渤海油田钻完井专业大数据和智能化油田面临的挑战和未来的发展方向,从国家能源需求、大数据和智能化油田先进技术的保障、前沿交叉学科、国外先进的经验等方面展望了渤海油田大数据和智能化油田开发前景,以期推动渤海钻完井大数据应用的快速发展。     

我国城市交通管理工程技术应用的若干思考

通过梳理国外城市交通管理工程技术的发展历程,探讨了国外在交通基础设施完善、智能交通技术发展和交通工程咨询发展上值得借鉴的经验,对比我国的应用现状,分析了我国交通管理工程技术粗放式应用、管控系统功能整合不够、智能交通发展缺少应用基础等问题,反思了在发展规划、资源利用、系统功能、技术支撑、咨询行业等五个方面问题存在的根源,提出ITS技术的发展必须建立在交通管理工程技术得到充分应用基础上。在借鉴国外实践经验的基础上,结合我国城市交通发展现状和实际需求,在交通管理工程技术走向、ITS技术发展、交通管控科技手段、工程技术咨询行业、技术创新联盟等五个方面提出了发展思路和建议,以期对我国今后的城市交通政策调整、交通管理工程技术发展、智能交通系统建设起到一定的积极作用。     

化石能源低碳循环开采技术及新疆示范工程

结合独特的煤层和油层互存的资源条件,新疆地区开展了深部化石能源低碳循环开采技术的应用及示范项目。在煤层和油层互存的地层中,上部煤层利用钻井或废油井构建地下气化炉,采用煤炭地下气化技术气化煤炭资源。煤气被分离成CO_2、CH_4、CO+H_2,其中CH_4液化后生产液化天然气,CO+H_2用于发电,CO_2则被注入下部的油层驱油,在提高油田采收率的同时CO_2被封存。该技术体系包括了煤炭地下气化单元、气体分离压缩单元、发电单元、驱油封存单元四个部分,基于此建立的示范工程可减排二氧化碳20.89万吨/年。     

库尔特原理及其应用

在研究血液细胞的自动检测技术时,美国人华莱士?H?库尔特于20世纪50年代提出了库尔特原理,也被称为电敏感区法,即利用微颗粒随导电液体通过电敏感区时形成的脉冲信号来测量其尺寸和数量(或频度)的一种电学方法,其后逐渐发展成为血液自动检测的一项成熟技术,并被美国卫生部门定为该行业的检测标准。本文介绍了库尔特原理及其发展历程,详述了该原理在细胞、基因和冶金等领域里的应用。库尔特原理的应用已不仅局限于细胞计数等血液学方面,在空气与水污染、食品、燃料、润滑、涂料、海洋生物、造纸、制药、石油化工、摄影、染料、疫苗等超过四十个领域里同样应用广泛。     

深度学习:开启大数据时代的钥匙

随着大数据时代的到来,基于深度学习技术的机器学习方法被用于有效地分析和处理这些数据。本文首先概述了深度学习技术的由来,对比了浅层结构与深度结构模型的差异,分析了深度结构模型在大数据应用中的优势;认为深度学习取得成功的条件是,大规模训练数据集的支撑、先进的硬件平台支持、新的优化技术的提出;基于计算机视觉应用,从有监督特征学习和无监督特征学习两个方面分别介绍了当前深度学习研究的现状和典型的深度结构模型的基本原理和主要应用;针对当前深度学习的发展现状,总结了深度学习研究存在的挑战和未来的研究方向。     

基于B2C网上药品销售管理系统的设计与实现

为了扩大销售范围、降低销售成本、更好地保护客户隐私、增进与客户的交流、促进药品销售的可靠性与便捷性、快速进行销售统计,提出构建基于B2C 的网上药品销售管理系统.系统采用Visual Studio2012 为开发平台,应用ASP.NET（C#）＋SQL Server2008 等技术.按照软件工程思想,首先对系统进行了需求分析和总体设计;然后设计了公共类、系统主要流程设计和系统数据库设计等;接着阐述了系统前台购物车页面等主要模块的实现,提出了Session＋Hashtable 技术实现的购物车;最后阐述了系统后台订单管理等主要功能模块的设计与实现,提出了把订单状态分为是否确认、是否发货及是否归档三类,并且三者顺序不可逆转.经实际运行表明,该系统功能实用、安全性高、性能良好、易操作、易维护,可以很好地运用在中小型企业中,具有一定的应用价值.     

国外在线工程伦理教育模式分析与启示-基于几所大学经验的思考

在我国工程伦理教育亟待积极推进和在线教育迅速发展的背景下,介绍一些西方国家的在线工程教育的发展现状,分析美国的内布拉斯加大学、印第安纳大学、弗吉尼亚技术大学和澳大利亚的迪肯大学等在线工程伦理教育采用的模式,指出其基本形式是使用独立模块和讨论等手段,主要特征是强调学习主动性、自导性和互动性,并评价国外工程伦理教育的效果.国外的实践经验给我国的启示包括：应重视工程伦理教育、推动教育方法革新（包括实现由“以教师为中心”向“以学生为中心”的转型）、考虑将在职研究生教育和继续教育作为在线工程伦理教育的首选对象、重视讨论、由主办学校提供支持、课前培训师生等,希望以此借鉴,协助我国高校运用在线教育手段推进工程伦理教育.     

海上船舶网络中TCP协议性能分析

根据海上船舶网络的特点及其业务需求,深入分析了该有线/无线混合网络中影响TCP（Transmission Control Protocol,传输控制协议）传输性能的主要因素。其中,着重研究了船舶间MANETs（Mobile Ad hoc Networks,移动自组织网）的影响,该网络存在一些固有局限,使得传统的TCP协议应用于其中时效率低下。在分析对比目前业界改进MANETs中TCP性能的一些热点方案的基础上,提出了一种海上船舶有线/无线混合网络中基于TCP的业务传输解决方案。该方案是一种＂端到端＂的解决方案,包括三部分：即有线部分、接入服务器以及无线部分。有线部分采用标准的TCP协议;无线部分采用改进的TCP协议或者是UDP协议承载,以改善TCP协议在MANETs中的性能;接入服务器连接有线和无线部分,具有协议转换功能。利用QualNet进行仿真分析,结果表明,与传统TCP协议相比,该改进方案吞吐量有显著提高。     

Application and Development of Pyrolysis Technology in Low-Carbon Economy

The efficient, clean and low carbon utilization is the leading direction of research and development of coal utilization technology. In China, the low rank coal, represented by lignite and subbituminous coal, is dominating in coal resources, accounting for more than 55%. Low rank coal is characterized with lower coalification degree, higher volatile matter and moisture content, which lead to low efficiency in direct combustion and gasification process. Therefore, a staged conversion technology based on coal pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis technology with the features of mild conditions, simple process, wider applicability of coal, higher energy efficiency, lower water consumption, especially pyrolysis bridged hybrid power generation technology is proposed as a promising trend in research field. The process takes full advantage of coal composition characteristic to extract gas, liquid fuel, chemicals, and combined hybrid power generation. This technology can realize the improvements in energy efficiency, coal-fired efficiency, power generation efficiency, and the reduction of coal consumption, by upgrading processing, clean coal-fired of industrial boilers, integrating highly efficient steam–gas turbine combined cycle power generation technology. It aims to enhance coal comprehensive utilization efficiency, decrease pollutant and CO₂ emission, and in the end promote the development of science and technology of high efficient low-carbon utilization of low rank coal.     

新一代智能交通系统的技术特点和发展建议

智能交通系统(即ITS)是现代交通技术的前沿之一,在国内外已有大量应用。随着新一代信息技术的发展和出行者需求的变化,ITS领域出现了与以往不同的、特色鲜明的技术方向和服务应用。本文首先对近期国内外ITS技术发展的最新动态和应用案例进行了分析,特别强调了新一代信息技术带来的技术跨越和关注领域的变化,提出新一代智能交通系统已初步形成。然后对新一代智能交通系统的技术特征进行了分析:各交通参与单元之间的互联、车辆对周边复杂环境的识别、新型的交通信息采集和服务、交通大数据、自动驾驶等。最后就新一代智能交通系统发展提出了建议:加快市场化,建立智能交通系统标准化的新模式,加强前沿技术开发等。     

Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of New Energy Vehicles

The development of new energy vehicle is the key to the low carbon transportation system and is very important to tackle climate problems. Nowadays, with the policy support, new energy vehicle has begun to go into the application period from the laboratory . The number of new energy vehicle is expanding. But because of the imperfectness on policy and standard and the immaturity of technology, the in-use new energy vehicles are facing big challenges. This paper first analyzes the scope and characteristics of new energy vehicles; then based on the survey of new energy bus and taxi, this paper identifies the main problems in new energy vehicle operation and management from the aspects of economic, standard, policy, planning, etc. Finally, the paper proposes some coun-termeasures and suggestions for the future development of new energy vehicle in China.     

The Development and Utilization of Energy Resources and the Issue of Low-Carbon

The development and utilization of fossil energy including coal, oil, natural gas etc is closely related to global environmental change. The key to the solvency of the global environmental pollution and climate change is developing low-carbon and renewable energy. In this paper, we analyze in depth the relationship between the energy development and utilization and of energy resources the issue of low-carbon. This article first summarizes the history of the development of the energy revolution, described the impact of energy development on world civilization and human development; then, the article provides a detailed analysis of the progress in energy development and utilization, and the environmental problems caused by the process of development and utilization, such as air and water pollution; finally, some important measures for the development and utilization of energy resources are listed and the trend in energy development is discussed. This article puts forward 4 suggestions for China's energy development: (a) Improve energy efficiency by insisting on utilizing high-carbon energy with the model of low-carbon utilization; (b) Promote the use of low-carbon energy, and exert great efforts to develop unconventional oil and gas; (c) Strengthen international cooperation to develop overseas oil and gas market. (d) Make great efforts to develop new types of low-carbon energy and renewable energy. The development of low-carbon energy in China has great significance. The adjustment of energy structure and the development of low-carbon economy are the fundamental strategy of sustainable development of China’ s energy economy.     

A Review of Desalination System for Island Development

There are more than 7300 islands bigger than 500m2 around the coast of our country. It is generally known that water and electricity supply are important facilities for island development. Ecological island or green island calls for a seawater desalination system which can serve itself continuously. This paper describes current development situation of these islands, as well as the problem of water supply. It also gives several mainstream applications about renewable energy at sea and an introduction of the present situation in seawater desalination. A comparative study between application situation of renewable energy and economic cost has been done. The necessity and major ways of comprehensive utilization of seawater are put forward as well. The future development of desalination is predicted in the end and comprehensive utilization of seawater is also discussed.     

Study on Low-Carbon Development Approaches in China

The change of global climate is closely linked to all the countries in the world. A low-carbon development model based on high energy efficiency, low power consumption and low emissions is the best choice for China to address climate change and to achieve a virtuous cycle of economic and environmental development. Under the guidance of a series of policies, some achievements in low-carbon development has been made in China. In this article, a brief introduction is given about the background, concept and necessity of low-carbon development, and then seven approaches used to achieve the goal of low-carbon development are proposed in detail, including low-carbon energy, low carbon layout, low-carbon industries, low carbon buildings, low carbon transport, low-carbon agriculture and low-carbon consumption. The positive roles of technological development and institu-tional innovation in low-carbon development are also described with examples.     

钢铁工业废气及PM_（2.5）排放特性与污染控制对策

钢铁行业在新的发展时期须从战略发展的高度制定行业废气污染控制的对策和技术路线。本文收集国际先进钢企主要废气污染物排放因子,对比分析中国钢企的排放水平,并按照国家新颁布的环境空气质量标准和行业污染物排放标准要求,进行行业全工序各主要污染物大气等标污染负荷分析,系统判别主要污染工序和重点污染物,明确主要控制方向;通过国内外文献资料的综合分析,重点介绍主要生产工序的颗粒物及细颗粒排放特性。针对国家当前节能减排要求和行业废气污染控制存在的问题,提出行业废气污染控制应从行业发展的多种需求整体出发,综合考虑行业布局调整、加快技术升级、注重前端和过程控制及末端治理强化多污染物协同控制的技术路线,最大限度地减轻行业的废气污染,并就深化行业废气污染控制提出相关建议。     

北斗卫星导航在国内智能交通等领域的应用分析

从北斗导航相关技术发展的角度,分析了北斗导航在国内智能交通领域的应用现状及趋势。介绍了北斗导航系统的发展、导航接收机的研究方向与关键技术及北斗导航产品的基本情况。阐述了智能交通领域对卫星导航技术的实际应用需求,简要描述了北斗与GPS在技术、产品方面的差距。从技术、产品及市场发展角度总结了北斗导航系统的应用现状,预测了发展趋势:将逐渐进入智能手机应用;将在有高精度导航需求的交通应用领域发挥作用;授时及短报文需要扩大市场规模;室内外无缝定位、与惯导融合定位等技术的发展将提供更丰富的交通出行体验。总之,当前北斗导航可以满足基本的交通应用,随着北斗导航技术及相关产品不断成熟,在国内智能交通的应用将更加广泛。