循环拆分法制备手性四氢萘胺

研究了1-四氢萘胺的循环拆分方法。以(S)-N-Bz-谷氨酸为拆分剂拆分1-四氢萘胺得到了(S)-1-四氢萘胺,并对母液中的非目标对映异构体进行了消旋化,得出了拆分的最佳条件。     

天然固定化木瓜脂肪酶催化芳香仲醇动力学拆分的研究

将木瓜来源的廉价天然固定化脂肪酶CPL用于手性拆分芳香仲醇,以4-苯基-2-丁醇作为模式底物,考察了反应温度、反应溶剂、酰基供体以及底物摩尔比对CPL拆分能力的影响,结果表明,适宜的反应温度30~45℃,酰基供体为活性乙烯酯,正己烷或环己烷作为反应溶剂,底物/酰基供体摩尔比1∶2,在该条件下底物的转化率接近50%,e.es大于99%,反应的对映体比值E大于200。CPL对其他结构类似的芳香仲醇也具有很好的拆分能力。该研究为手性芳香仲醇的酶催化制备提供了新的催化剂选择。     

生物催化氧化1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘胺成酮

生物催化方法合成有机化合物是满足绿色化学的要求之一,采用生物催化方法催化1,2,3,4-四氢萘胺转化为1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-酮,利用整细胞株Pseudomonas monteilii ZMU-T01经过M9培养基培养后,直接催化底物得到1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘胺的酮,产率可达45%。     

动态动力学拆分高效制备(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-1-羧酸

利用固定化的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CAL-B)实现外消旋底物1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-1-羧酸酯[(±)-1]的动态动力学拆分高效制备(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-1-羧酸[(R)-1-TIC]。考察了不同来源CAL-B制剂的催化效果,以及关键反应条件对底物稳定性和酶催化速率的双重影响。结果表明:商品化脂肪酶制剂QLlip-9提供了最佳的催化效果;反应温度提高至30℃、醋酸铵缓冲液的初始pH值提高至8.0时,虽然底物稳定性略微下降,但完全转化所需时间大幅缩短,整体催化效率明显提高;pH值恒定控制策略则加快了反应后期无效底物的消旋化速率,从而进一步提高催化效率。当(±)-1浓度为20 g/L时,QLlip-9浓度降至10 g/L基本不影响催化效果,最佳酶/底物比率(酶与底物的质量比)达到1:2。在上述优化条件下,反应时间缩短至6h,转化率不低于99%,产物的对映体过量值(enantiomeric excess of product, e.e.p)为96%,生产速率达到0.24 g/(h·g酶),为目前文献报道最高水平的8倍。在此基础上,实现了8批次的重复利用,并在300 mL,1 000 mL和20 L体系中实现了逐级规模放大,最终通过浓缩结晶法提取获得e.e.p≥99%的(R)-1-TIC晶体(分离收率不低于80%)。以上研究不仅大幅提高了该反应的整体催化效率,并且降低了酶的使用量。     

有机相中脂肪酶催化转酯化反应动力学拆分左旋帕罗醇

研究了在有机相中脂肪酶催化转酯化反应动力学拆分左旋帕罗醇,考察了酶种类、溶剂、酰基供体、温度、底物与酰基供体摩尔比等因素对反应的影响。结果表明:以Novozym 435为催化剂,在30℃下,以乙腈为反应溶剂,乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体,底物浓度40mmol/L及其与酰基供体摩尔比为1:8时,反应8h后,底物转化率为48.1%,ee_s为53.3%,E值为6.20。     

动态动力学拆分在手性药物合成中的应用

动态动力学拆分是合成手性化合物最方便和最有效的方法之一,该方法的主要特征是用酶催化拆分和金属催化原位外消旋化未反应的底物,克服了经典动力学拆分最高产率只有50%的缺陷,理论上可以达到100%的收率。本文概述了动态动力学拆分技术在手性药物合成中的应用。     

化学-酶法耦合制备拆分β-萘乙醇

通过化学-酶相耦合的方法,成功制备出e.e.值〉99%的S-β-萘乙醇,使其光学纯度达到了制备R-2-萘乙胺的要求。研究中以β-萘乙酮为原料,经硼氢化钠还原得到外消旋的β-萘乙醇。经过酶催化动力学拆分,β-萘乙醇中R型底物100%全转化为酯,S构型底物型被保留,这样体系中S构型底物的e.e.值达到近100%。本文还考察了若干因素对酶催化动力学拆分过程的影响,并最终确定了酶催化动力学拆分β-萘乙醇制备S-β-萘乙醇的最适条件：反应温度45℃,溶液为甲苯,底物浓度为100 mmol/L。     

有机相中酶催化1-苯基乙胺的不对称酰胺化反应

在有机相中，对酶催化条件下的1-苯基乙胺酰胺化反应进行了研究。通过对酰基供体、酶、溶剂的筛选和酯量、底物胺浓度、酶量、摇床转速、反应温度等影响因素的考察，发现乙酸异丙烯酯为较佳的酰基供体，脂肪酶Novozym 435对该反应的催化活性和对映体选择性较高，甲苯为最适的介质，最适酯量为底物胺量的0.6倍，最佳底物胺浓度、酶量、摇床转速、温度分别为200 mmol·L^-1、4 mg·ml^-1、200 r·min^-1、30℃。在此优化条件下反应的对映体选择率（E）达到89。反应4 h转化率为39％，产物的对映体过剩值（ee_p）为96％；反应10 h转化率达到52.4％，底物的对映体过剩值（ee_s）为98％。     

酶催化的动态动力学拆分和去消旋化反应的研究进展

最近,在外消旋化合物的动态动力学拆分以及去消旋化反应方面,新型催化剂的发现以及反应条件的优化都得到了很大的发展。一些特殊功能团使得它们的化合物可以发生动态动力学拆分或是去消旋反应,如仲醇、α-氨基酸、胺及羧酸。在催化反应过程中,一般都是对映体选择性酶与化学试剂的相结合,化学试剂一般常用于催化非活性对映体发生去消旋反应或是回收去消旋化过程中的中间体。在一些动态动力学拆分中,消旋酶还可以催化对映异构体之间发生互变。     

1-萘胺-5-磺酸合成方法的改进

介绍了一种合成1-萘胺-5-磺酸的新方法.以甲萘胺为原料,经磺化一步反应制得1-萘胺-5-磺酸,产品纯度大于95%,收率为45%,具有质量好,反应步骤少等优点.     

Efficient enzymatic kinetic resolution of 2-heptylamine with a highly active acyl donor

Novozyme435 facilitated kinetic resolution of 2-heptylamine was here presented. Methyl methoxyacetate was used as acyl donor. A survey of influencing factors including hydrogen bonding effect, solvent effect, steric effect, temperature and the amount of acyl donor were investigated in detail. At the optimum conditions, the enantiomeric separation was successfully obtained within 8 h at 20 °C, and gave high conversion and optical purity of (R)-2-heptylamine, 48.9% and over 99% respectively. The immobilized lipase B was found to be suitable for the enantiomeric separation of aliphatic amines with good recyclability.     

Optimization and kinetic modeling of lipase catalyzed enantioselective N‐acetylation of ( ± )‐1‐phenylethylamine under microwave irradiation

BACKGROUND: Optically pure amines are used in the fine chemical industry as resolving agents, chiral auxiliaries, and chiral synthetic building blocks for pharmaceuticals as well as agrochemicals. Lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of ( ± )‐1‐phenylethylamine with ethyl acetate as an acyl donor was achieved using immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) as a biocatalyst under microwave irradiation. RESULTS: Response surface methodology was employed with a four‐factor‐three‐level Box‐Behnken design to evaluate the effect of synthesis parameters (speed of agitation, enzyme loading, temperature and acyl donor:amine molar ratio) on conversion, enantiomeric excess, enantioselectivity and initial rate. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were mole ratio of acyl donor:amine 1:1, temperature 49.86 °C, 0.03 g of catalyst loading and 345 rpm speed of agitation, giving 49.12% conversion, 78.83% enantiomeric excess and an enantioselectivity of 38.21. R‐stereopreference of lipase was analyzed in detail from the aspects of enzymatic kinetic mechanism and reaction activation energy of both enantiomers. CONCLUSION: Novozyme 435 was found to be the most active chiral catalyst for resolution of ( ± )‐1‐phenylethylamine under microwave irradiation. Statistical analysis was satisfactorily used to determine the optimum reaction conditions. It was found that lipase has R‐stereopreference and the reaction matches the Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with dead‐end inhibition of 1‐phenylethylamine. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Arylcyclohexanones and Total Synthesis of (−)‐α‐Lycorane

An efficient catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of racemic α‐arylcyclohexanones with an ethylene ketal group at the 5‐position of the cyclohexane ring via dynamic kinetic resolution has been developed, giving chiral α‐arylcyclohexanols with two contiguous stereocenters with up to 99% ee and >99:1 cis/trans‐selectivity. Using this highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation reaction as a key step, (−)‐α‐lycorane was synthesized in 19.6% overall yield over 13 steps from commercially available starting material.     

Enzymatic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols by esterification with FA under vacuum

Kinetic resolution of some chiral secondary alcohols [2-octanol, 1-phenylethanol, and 1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol] with high enantioselectivity (E>300) was achieved by direct esterification with FFA catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase. The reaction equilibrium was shifted toward the synthetic side by the removal of the water formed under vacuum. Esterification of rac-2-octanol at an alcohol/FFA molar ratio of 2∶1 was used as a model reaction. The chain length of FFA and their structure influenced the reaction rate but did not have a measureable effect on E. The best acyl donor was decanoic acid: >47% conversion at 4 h with virtually perfect E. Temperature did not affect E in the range studied (15–45°C), but temperatures at the higher end afforded improved reaction rates. The reaction rates and E were compared for three different acyl donors. The initial reaction rate increased in the following order: ethyl laurate < lauric acid < vinyl acetate. E was high (E>300) for all acyl donors. Racemic 1-phenylethanol and 1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol were also resolved by direct esterification with decanoic acid in short times (3 and 4 h, respectively) with E>300 and excellent conversions. Preparative-scale kinetic resolution of 2-octanol was also performed.     

Organocatalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution

In the last decade, the first examples of organocatalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) processes have been described, considerably expanding the synthetic scope of this powerful process which allows the resolution of racemic compounds with up to 100% yield. Today, a significant number of chiral organocatalysts are available that afford excellent levels of stereocontrol in various reactions evolving through DKR that could only previously be achieved using biocatalysts. The goal of the present review is to cover the works dealing with organocatalytic reactions evolving through DKR. This review is subdivided into four sections, according to the different types of organocatalysts employed in these reactions, such as Cinchona alkaloid catalysts, catalysts derived from amino acids, hydroxy acid catalysts, and miscellaneous organocatalysts. Abbreviations: Ac: acetyl; Ar: aryl; BINOL: 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol; Bn: benzyl; Bu: butyl; c: cyclo; Cbz: benzyloxycarbonyl; CPME: cyclopentyl methyl ether; Cy: cyclohexyl; DABCO: 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; de: diastereomeric excess; DKR: dynamic kinetic resolution; DMF: dimethylformamide; Dmpe: 1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)‐ethane; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DYKAT: dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation; ee: enantiomeric excess; Et: ethyl; Fmoc: 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; Fu: furyl; Me: methyl; MTBE: methyl tert‐butyl ether; Naph: naphthyl; Pent: pentyl; Ph: phenyl; PMP: p‐methoxyphenyl; Pr: propyl; TBHP: tert‐butyl hydroperoxide; TEA: triethylamine; THF: tetrahydrofuran; Thio: thiophene; TMS: trimethylsilyl; Tol: tolyl.     

无溶剂体系中酶催化合成共轭亚油酸甘油酯

采用直接酯化法,以共轭亚油酸(简称CLA)和甘油为原料,用脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成共轭亚油酸甘油酯。结果表明:n(甘油)/n(CLA)=5,酶添加量为体系总质量的4%,65℃反应6 h后,共轭亚油酸的转化率为98.18%。所得共轭亚油酸甘油酯为淡黄色油状透明液体,酸价低于3,Novozym 435的操作半衰期为30 h。     

酶法动态动力学拆分制备R-(-)-乙酰基邻氯扁桃酸

采用假单胞菌脂肪酶Pseudomonas sp. ECU1011催化乙酰基邻氯扁桃酸进行不对称水解,利用突变后的扁桃酸消旋酶(V29I)对拆分后的产物S-(-)-邻氯扁桃酸进行消旋,消旋后的邻氯扁桃酸经过酰化重新被利用到水解反应中,实现了酶法动态动力学拆分制备R-(-)-乙酰基邻氯扁桃酸。通过对拆分反应、拆分混合物的分离回收以及消旋反应的工艺优化,最终获得光学纯度ee>99.9%的R-(-)-乙酰基邻氯扁桃酸,其收率达80%。本研究建立的R-(-)-乙酰基邻氯扁桃酸的动态动力学拆分工艺,对其工业化应用具有重要的指导意义。     

扁桃酸的酶促光学拆分

对在非水体系中,利用脂肪酶催化水解扁桃酸乙酯外消旋混合物拆分R(-)-扁桃酸进行了初步的研究.筛选出脂肪酶N435作为催化剂,叔丁醇作为溶剂.确定了最适的反应条件：脂肪酶N435浓度为2.5 g·L^-1,RS-扁桃酸乙酯浓度为0.25 mol·L^-1,水∶RS-扁桃酸乙酯的摩尔比为5∶1,反应温度为40℃,摇床转速为200 r·min^-1,反应时间为24 h.在此条件下,R(-)-扁桃酸乙酯的转化率为41.6%,对映体过量百分率达84.0%.考察了底物R(-)-扁桃酸乙酯和产物R(-)-扁桃酸对反应的抑制作用,在此基础上运用顺序机制和拟稳态法,建立了反应的动力学模型,模拟计算结果和实验结果吻合较好.