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采用加速量热法评价防爆硝酸铵的热稳定性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在模拟硝酸铵(AN)的生产工艺流程中加入防爆添加剂制成防爆AN,按照工业炸药配方制成铵油炸药,并用8^#雷管起爆,实验表明该防爆AN失去了爆炸性。用加速量热仪研究了AN和防爆AN的绝热分解过程,得到了绝热分解温度与压力随时间的变化、自加热速率与分解压力随温度的变化曲线,计算了分解动力学参数表观活化能和指前因子。据此分析了防爆AN的安全性,表明它具有良好的热稳定性;同时也表明防爆AN热稳定性的提高是爆炸特性得以消除的原因。。 相似文献
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硝酸铵易吸湿,结块,不易破碎,高温下易发生爆炸,以其为氮素原料掺混的高浓度复肥颗粒不均匀,不致密,外观欠佳。根据硝酸铵的物化性质和在水中的溶解度随温度降低而显著下降等特性,采用高温饱和溶液溶解,低温稀释溶液喷浆的全溶造粒工艺,可制得15-15-15低氯三元复肥。全溶造粒的工艺条件是:控制硝酸铵在反应器中的温度为120℃,W(NH4NO3)=95%,硝酸铵溶液的喷浆造粒温度75 ̄80℃,W(NHNO 相似文献
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为探索金属氢化物(MgH2和Mg(BH4)2)对硝酸铵(AN)热稳定性的影响,在升温速率分别为2、5、10和20℃/min条件下,用DSC测试了纯AN及其与MgH2或Mg(BH4)2混合物的热分解特性,根据DSC数据计算了热分解反应的表观活化能和指前因子等动力学参数,分析了加入金属氢化物引起AN热稳定性的变化机理。结果表明,加入MgH2后,AN分解反应的表观活化能变化较大,初始分解温度大大降低,AN的分解机理发生了改变;而加入Mg(BH4)2对AN的热分解过程影响不大,且表观活化能没有明显变化。 相似文献
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以硫酸锰、氨水为原料,空气和硝酸铵为氧化剂,通过沉淀-氧化路线制备四氧化三锰粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对产物的物相、形貌特征、平均粒径进行表征。研究了硫酸锰在氨水中的水解沉淀过程以及氢氧化锰液相氧化为四氧化三锰的过程,主要研究了液相氧化过程中氧化温度、氧化时间以及随后的干燥过程对氧化的影响。实验结果表明,将硫酸锰溶液反加到氨水中的加料方式可以避免正加料方式(氨水加入到硫酸锰溶液中)形成碱式硫酸锰而造成产品中含硫量高的问题;在通空气液相氧化氢氧化锰过程中添加液相氧化剂硝酸铵可以提高氧化速率。当硝酸铵用量为3 g(硝酸铵与硫酸锰的质量比约为1∶7.5)、液相氧化温度为70 ℃、氧化时间为4 h、随后在空气中于120 ℃干燥4 h的条件下,制备的四氧化三锰产物物相纯,粒度细,硫含量低,达到电子级原料标准。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure. 相似文献
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以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。 相似文献
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我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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