一缩二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯的合成及表征

以SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2固体超强酸作为催化剂,酯化合成一缩二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA)。通过正交实验确定酯化反应的最佳条件:催化剂用量为8 g/100 g丙烯酸,一缩二丙二醇(DPG)/丙烯酸物质的量的比为2.6∶1.0,反应温度是114℃,带水剂(甲苯)的量为68 g/100 g丙烯酸,反应时间为4 h。以此工艺条件所得到的DPGDA的转化率稳定在93%以上。产品结构经IR表征,证明是所需的产物。     

醇钠法合成一缩二丙二醇及其动力学研究

以甲醇钠为催化剂,对合成一缩二丙二醇的影响因素进行了考察,筛选出适宜的合成工艺条件:反应温度100 ℃,丙二醇与环氧丙烷摩尔比0.9:1,反应时间8 h,催化剂用量为总反应物重量的4%,环氧丙烷加料速度90 g·h-1,该条件下的一缩二丙二醇收率和环氧丙烷转化率分别为70.3%和80.5%.通过考察反应速率与反应物浓度的关系,建立了反应的动力学模型.结果表明, 该反应为二级动力学反应,反应的表观活化能为25.4 kJ·mol-1.文中给出的计算值与试验值的比较,证明了该模型的可行性.     

三(一缩二丙二醇)亚磷酸酯阻燃剂的合成

以亚磷酸三甲酯和一缩二丙二醇为原料,合成了一种三(一缩二丙二醇)亚磷酸酯阻燃剂。研究得出最佳工艺条件为:亚磷酸三甲酯和一缩二丙二醇的物料比为1.0∶3.0,催化剂的用量为原料总质量的1%,反应温度为40～80℃,反应时间为4～6 h,产品收率达92.5%。通过红外光谱以及核磁共振对产物的结构进行表征。     

CPC-SO爪形大分子柴油低温流动改进剂的研制及应用

以聚乙二醇200、柠檬酸为原料、设计、制备了CPC爪状物小分子,制备的CPC进一步与带有功能化基团的硬脂酸、十八醇接枝,合成了用作低温流动改进刑的新型多元酯类CPC-SO爪形大分子.用正交实验设计法和极差分析法研究了单体配比、催化剂用量、溶剂用量和酯化反应时间对目的产物助滤效果的影响.红外光谱对产物的分子结构进行了表征,表明制备产物的分子结构与目标产物相符.将爪形大分子CPC-SO按600μg/g的加剂量添加到沈阳石蜡化工有限公司生产的轻柴油中,0#柴油的冷滤点最大可降低5℃,柴油的十六烷值不变.     

碘催化合成香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇

以单质碘为催化剂,香兰素和1,2-丙二醇经缩合反应合成了香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇。考察了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对产品收率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:当香兰素的用量为0.1mol,1,2-丙二醇的用量为0.18mol,即n(香兰素)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.8,催化剂用量1.2g,反应温度60℃,反应时间20min,香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇的收率达91.3%以上。     

有机胺催化一缩二丙二醇合成工艺研究

以有机胺AEDA为催化剂,环氧丙烷(PO)和丙二醇(PDO)为原料合成了一缩二丙二醇,对其合成工艺条件进行了初步研究。通过正交实验得出最佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃,反应压力202.64 kPa,反应时间90 min,n(PDO)∶n(PO)为2.0,催化剂用量为环氧丙烷摩尔质量的0.10。此时,一缩二丙二醇的收率可达83.8%,选择性91.2%以上。产品薄层色谱图和标准品图谱吻合。     

缩丙二醇二丙烯酸酯的合成研究

选择醇、酸直接酯化法合成缩丙二醇二丙烯酸酯，考察了配比、带水剂、时间、温度和催化剂等因素对反应的影响，得到了反应最佳条件，酯化产率达８０％     

二氧化硅负载高氯酸催化合成香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇

以二氧化硅负载高氯酸(HClO4/SiO2)为催化剂,香兰素和1,2-丙二醇经缩合反应合成香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇。考察了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对产品收率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:当香兰素的用量为0.1 mol,1,2-丙二醇的用量为0.16 mol,即n(香兰素)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量1.5 g,反应温度80℃,反应时间45 min,香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇的收率达87.1%以上。HClO4/SiO2是一种热稳定性好、简单易制、可循环使用的高效非均相催化剂。     

醇钠法合成一缩二丙二醇的工艺过程控制

介绍了一缩二丙二醇的用途及合成方法,重点阐述了以乙醇钠为催化剂,用丙二醇和环氧丙烷在一定温度和压力条件下合成一缩二丙二醇的反应原理和工艺流程,从反应温度、压力、精馏方式、催化剂回收等方面对生产工艺过程控制进行了探讨,总结出一种效率高,成本低,质量好的一缩二丙二醇的生产工艺条件。     

二缩三丙二醇的合成工艺研究

以环氧丙烷和1,2-丙二醇为原料,用三苯基膦等作催化剂合成二缩三丙二醇,同时副产一缩二丙二醇,对其合成及精馏工艺条件进行了初步研究。通过正交实验得出最佳合成工艺条件。该工艺反应平稳,可控性好,二缩三丙二醇含量高,可以达到45%～55%,并讨论了对合成底物精馏提纯的最佳工艺条件。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。