烧结温度对添加镁渣制备陶粒支撑剂性能的影响

采用山西阳泉铝矾土和煤矸石为主要原料,工业废弃物镁渣为添加剂,在1180～1350℃下烧结制备陶粒支撑剂.对比分析各温度下陶粒体积密度,视密度和破碎率的变化趋势,利用XRD和SEM对陶粒的物相及微观形貌进行了表征.探讨了烧结温度对添加镁渣制备陶粒支撑剂性能的影响,同时明确了最好性能陶粒支撑剂对应的最佳烧结温度.结果表明:烧结温度为1250℃时,陶粒支撑剂的体积密度为1.39 g/cm3,视密度为2.84 g/cm3,48 MPa闭合压力下破碎率为6.87％,52 MPa闭合压力下破碎率为8.64％.在该温度下,陶粒的性能较好,烧结致密度很高.     

树脂包覆免烧超低密度支撑剂性能研究

滑溜水压裂液是页岩储层改造的首选体系.为解决滑溜水压裂中支撑剂沉降速度快,不能完全充填产层及充填层泥化问题,采用固体废渣为基体材料制备了树脂包覆免烧超低密度压裂支撑剂.运用XRD、MIP、SEM和筒压法分析了支撑剂物相组成及树脂浸渍包覆对其体积密度、视密度、抗破碎能力、显气孔率、气孔孔径分布和微观形貌的影响.通过比较树脂改性前后支撑剂力学性能,得到树脂浓度为25wt％时填充效果最佳,显气孔率比支撑剂基体降低了80.1％,其结构致密、破碎率低;当支撑剂浸渍体包覆树脂含量6％时,颗粒表面和内部孔洞得到二次填充,颗粒显气孔率降低至7.13％,其体积密度为0.86 g/cm3,视密度为1.29 g/cm3,浊度为3.65 NTU,酸溶解度为0.35％,在35 MPa和52 MPa闭合压力下破碎率分别为7.3％和9.0％.     

MgO作矿化剂对多孔轻质陶粒支撑剂结构和性能的影响

以山西忻州高铝煤矸石为主要原料,碳粉为造孔剂,采用常压烧结法,制备出了密度较低的石油压裂支撑剂,但造孔作用使得支撑剂的强度变低.为了能够在降低支撑剂密度的同时保证强度,添加MgO作矿化剂来改善支撑剂的强度.通过分析检测表明:引入适量的氧化镁做矿化剂,可促进液相烧结,对抑制莫来石晶粒长大有利,改善了支撑剂强度.当碳粉添加量为10wt％,氧化镁添加量为2wt％,烧结温度为1350℃时,获得的支撑剂性样品能最佳,体密度仅为1.35 g/cm3,视密度为2.41 g/cm3,35 MPa下破碎率为4.58％.     

利用脱硫粉煤灰和炉渣制备蒸压加气混凝土砌块的研究

研究了利用脱硫粉煤灰、普通粉煤灰、炉渣等工业废渣生产蒸压加气混凝土砌块的方法.通过试验研究和生产应用,优化确定了蒸压加气混凝土砌块水料比为0.60,干料中各种材料的百分比分别为:生石灰20％、水泥3％、炉渣5％、普通粉煤灰36％、脱硫粉煤灰36％,铝粉掺入量为425 g/m3.     

一种低密度陶粒压裂支撑剂的制备及性能研究

本文以三级铝矾土和砂土为主要原料,在1440～1520℃高温下,制备了性能优良的低密度陶粒支撑剂,研究了烧结温度对其物相形貌、物理性能的影响.其结果表明:烧成温度在1500℃时,制备的试样主要物相为莫来石和石英,体密度为1.35 g/cm3,视密度为2.78 g/cm3,35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率为9.47％.符合国标,适合闭合压力高于浅井油气井的应用.     

粉煤灰制备低温陶瓷泡沫材料

研究了以粉煤灰为主要原料制备高强度、大孔径泡沫材料的影响因素,研究结果表明:在工业废渣总含量达90%,添加适量石灰、矿物激发剂,可制备出抗压强度为12.5 MPa,密度0.98 g/cm3,孔径2～5 mm,导热系数为0.12[W/(m·k)]的新型低温陶瓷泡沫材料.该材料具有加气混凝土的特点,是一种新型的绿色环境材料,为粉煤灰高附加值利用提供了一条新技术途径.     

赤泥基胶凝材料的制备与性能研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要胶凝材料,掺入适量激发剂(石灰)和脱硫石膏,制备了性能优异的赤泥基胶凝材料,并优化了配合比,研究了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.研究表明赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量20％,石灰掺量10％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d抗压强度达到3.4 MPa,劈裂抗拉强度达到1.11 MPa.而赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量25％,石灰掺量5％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时,赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d干燥收缩为115×10-6 m,28 d温度收缩在-20～40℃ 范围内最小为40×10-6 m/℃,空气渗透系数为9.79×10-10 cm/s,抗水渗透系数为1.02×10-6 cm/s.研究表明在适量掺加石灰和脱硫石膏,有利于提高粉煤灰的水化,提高结构密实度,提高了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.     

V2O5掺杂对莫来石晶须增强型陶粒支撑剂的性能影响

以高岭石质煤矸石为主要原料,V2O5为添加剂,于1400 ℃下制备了莫来石晶须增强的陶粒支撑剂,讨论了V2O5促进莫来石晶须生长机制及其添加量对支撑剂样品性能的影响.结果表明:随着V2O5的加入,支撑剂样品的主晶相莫来石逐渐生长形成莫来石晶须;当V2O5添加量为1wt％时,试样的性能最佳;体积密度1.25 g/cm3,视密度2.69 g/cm3,52 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率5.18％.     

泡沫粉煤灰保温砖的制备与性能研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,以石灰石为发泡剂制备了泡沫粉煤灰保温砖.研究了粉煤灰的用量、石灰石的用量、烧成温度、保温时间对泡沫粉煤灰保温砖的密度、气孔率、导热系数和抗压强度的影响;采用扫描电镜、电子万能试验机和快速热导仪等手段对样品性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰用量50wt％,石灰石用量15wt％,烧成温度1050℃,保温时间90min时,制备的泡沫粉煤灰保温砖密度为0.55g/cm3,气孔率为58.8％,导热系数为0.13W/m·k,平均抗压强度为4.0MPa;本方法工艺简单,成本低,环保.泡沫粉煤灰保温砖气孔的形成机理是一种气相、液相和固相之间动态平衡的结果.     

基于煤层气井用陶粒支撑剂的制备

以煤矸石和铝矾土为主要原料,采用50∶50和60∶40质量配比,再添加2wt％长石添加剂,在不同温度烧结制备了煤层气井用的20/40目经济型陶粒支撑剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对陶粒的物相组成和显微形貌进行表征.实验结果表明:所制备的陶粒的视密度均低于3.0 g,/cm3,体积密度低于1.5 g/cm3,属于低密度范畴;当煤矸石与铝矾土配比为50∶50时,烧结温度在1400 ～ 1500℃制备的支撑剂,在35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率均低于9％的行业标准(SY/T 5108-2014).     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。