活性MgO和铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能对比

为改善刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的性能，以板状刚玉、活性氧化铝、烧结镁砂细粉为主要原料，分别以活性MgO和铝酸钙水泥(CAC)为结合剂制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料，对比了二者对1 600℃煅烧3 h后试样的显气孔率、烧后线变化率、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度和抗CaO-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂(CAFS)渣侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明：经1 600℃热处理后，与CAC结合的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料相比，活性MgO结合的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度较低，但其体积稳定性、对CAFS渣的抗侵蚀性和抗渗透性显著提高。     

刚玉骨料种类对高纯刚玉制品性能的影响

为对比电熔白刚玉和板状刚玉对高纯刚玉砖性能的影响,分别以粒度≤3 mm电熔白刚玉和板状刚玉为骨料,≤75μm的氧化铝粉和d_(50)≈3. 5μm的氧化铝微粉为基质,采用机压成型,分别于1 650、1 700、1 750和1 800℃保温3 h烧成制备了w(Al_2O_3)≥99. 0%的高纯刚玉试样。对两种烧后试样的常温和高温力学性能、高温蠕变性、抗热震性以及抗渣性进行了测定和分析。结果表明:无论是以板状刚玉还是电熔白刚玉为原料的高纯刚玉制品,其最佳烧成温度均为1 750℃;以板状刚玉为骨料制备试样的力学性能更优,抗渣渗透性更好,且试样的抗蠕变性好。分析原因主要为:板状刚玉颗粒结晶小,表面粗糙,骨料与基质的结合性好,显微结构中多为微细、非贯通气孔;电熔白刚玉中存在少量的β-Al_2O_3团聚体析晶物,高温蠕变时形成了较多液相。因此,以板状刚玉为骨料制备的高纯刚玉耐火制品综合性能更优。     

中频炉内衬耐火材料抗硅铁渣侵蚀性能研究

为探究中频炉内衬耐火材料抗硅铁渣的侵蚀情况,以板状刚玉、电熔白刚玉、铝铬渣为主要原料,纯铝酸钙水泥(secar 71)和磷酸溶液为结合剂,于1500℃烧成并保温3 h分别制得板状刚玉试样、电熔白刚玉试样、铝铬渣试样三种试样,研究三种试样作为中频炉内衬砖使用时其抗硅铁渣侵蚀性能.通过XRD、SEM和EDS等仪器对试样的相组成和显微结构进行分析,研究结果表明:板状刚玉试样致密度和强度最优,抗侵蚀性能也较为优良,熔渣侵蚀指数为18.6％;电熔白刚玉试样致密度和强度较好,熔渣侵蚀指数为0％,抗熔渣侵蚀能力最优;铝铬渣试样致密度和强度最低,熔渣侵蚀指数为46.3％,抗熔渣侵蚀性能最差.     

微孔刚玉的制备及其对铝镁浇注料性能的影响

在采用多孔介质模型进行微孔骨料孔径数值模拟设计的基础上,分别以α-Al2O3微粉、工业Al2O3细粉、α-Al2O3微粉+CaCO3细粉为原料,通过湿磨工艺分别制备了三种微孔刚玉骨料A1、A2、A3,并分别以平均孔径约0.6μm的A1和A3两种微孔刚玉为骨料制成轻质铝镁浇注料,与采用板状刚玉骨料制备的普通铝镁浇注料进行了性能对比。结果表明:1)以α-Al2O3微粉、工业Al2O3细粉等为主要原料,在1 800℃以上烧结可获得体积密度为3.1~3.5 g·cm-3、显气孔率约5%、闭口气孔率为8%~13%的微孔刚玉骨料,其800℃的热导率比板状刚玉的小;2)与普通铝镁浇注料相比,两种轻质铝镁浇注料的显气孔率较大,体积密度较小,1 500℃处理后的强度较高,线变化率较小,在600和800℃时的热导率明显较小;3)与普通铝镁浇注料相比,含A1骨料的铝镁浇注料渗透指数偏大,含A3骨料的铝镁浇注料的侵蚀指数稍大,但渗透指数小。     

板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉对铝矾土基喷涂料性能的影响

以铝矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉为结合体系制备了铝矾土基喷涂料,分别经1000、1300和1500℃保温3h处理后,研究了板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉对喷涂料试样性能的影响。结果表明:板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉对铝矾土基喷涂料的体积密度影响不大,但经1000℃处理后,同时含有板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉的试样表现出更高的抗折强度和耐压强度;仅含有氧化铝微粉的试样耐磨性能优于含有板状刚玉细粉的,而仅含有板状刚玉细粉试样的抗热震性能优于含有氧化铝微粉的。     

刚玉基超低水泥耐火浇注料的物理和力学性能

研究了刚玉类型对超低水泥浇注料的物理、化学和力学性能的影响。通过将不同类型的刚玉与碳化硅、石墨、水泥、金属硅和二氧化硅微粉混合,分别制得了棕刚玉、板状刚玉和回转窑煅烧矾土基超低水泥浇注料。经110℃干燥24h和经1 450℃保温5h热处理后,检测了试样的体积密度、显气孔率和常温耐压强度。依据抗渣性试验方法检测了试样的抗渣性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)和X射线衍射(XRD)对试样进行了分析。结果表明:所有的耐火浇注料都具有良好的抗渣性。在所有的耐火浇注料中,板状刚玉基耐火浇注料具有最大的常温耐压强度和适宜的气孔率。     

不同碱度渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀行为研究

浇注料的抗渣侵蚀性能与钢渣的碱度密切相关。以烧结刚玉、缺陷尖晶石微粉、活性α-Al₂O₃微粉、电熔镁砂细粉和铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)为主要原料,制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,采用静态坩埚法于1 600℃保温3 h进行抗渣试验,并用热力学模拟计算了液相量和液相组成,研究了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对3种不同碱度渣(1.6、2.3和7.6)的抗渣侵蚀性能。结果表明：刚玉-尖晶石浇注料在高碱度渣中溶解能力有限,在熔渣-耐火材料界面极易形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高熔点物相,形成致密层阻挡熔渣渗透和侵蚀。而其在低碱度渣中溶解度较高,在浇注料-熔渣达到较高反应程度时,才开始形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高温相,无法形成有效的致密层阻止熔渣对浇注料的侵蚀和渗透。因此,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对高碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较强,对低碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较弱。     

锆英石加入量对刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉(5～3、3～1、≤1 mm)、板状刚玉细粉(≤0.044 mm)、锆英石(≤0.074 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,以Secar 71水泥为结合剂,制备了刚玉质浇注料,经110℃24 h烘干和1 600℃3 h烧后,研究了锆英石加入量(质量分数分别为0、3%、6%、9%)对试样性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:随着锆英石加入量的增加,试样经110℃24 h烘干后的体积密度先增大后减小,显气孔率先减小后增大,常温抗折强度变化不大;试样经1 600℃3 h烧后的体积密度、常温抗折强度和抗热震性呈先增大后减小的趋势,高温抗折强度呈明显下降趋势。综合各项性能,认为锆英石的最佳加入质量分数为6%。     

刚玉骨料微孔化对钢包用刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

为研究刚玉骨料微孔化后对钢包用刚玉质浇注料性能的影响,以粒度均为10~5、5~3、3~1和≤1 mm的板状刚玉和微孔刚玉为骨料,≤0.074 mm的板状刚玉细粉、d_(50)=1.2μm的活性α-Al_2O_3微粉、d_(50)=11.6μm的SiO_2微粉、≤0.088 mm的电熔镁砂粉为细粉,纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,制备了刚玉质浇注料。研究了分别引入0、24%、48%和72%(w)的微孔刚玉骨料对钢包用刚玉质浇注料物理性能、抗热震性能、抗渣性能、导热性能的影响。结果表明:随着微孔刚玉骨料加入量的增大,刚玉质浇注料试样的体积密度逐渐降低,热导率逐渐降低,抗热震性呈现总体提高的趋势,这均与微孔刚玉骨料中含有大量孔径≤1μm的闭口气孔有关。同时,引入微孔刚玉骨料有利于提高浇注料的抗渣渗透性能。     

Al2O3质原料种类和粒度对镁铝碳材料性能的影响

改变镁铝碳材料中Al2O3质原料的种类(分别为特级高铝矾土熟料和电熔刚玉)和粒度(特级高铝矾土熟料的粒度分别为5~3和3~1 mm,电熔刚玉的粒度分别为3~1和≤1 mm),经混练、成型、干燥、固化(180℃保温48 h)、热处理(1 600℃保温3 h)后,检测试样的显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、加热永久线变化和抗渣侵蚀性。结果表明:1)当Al2O3质原料种类相同时,Al2O3质原料的粒度越小,镁铝碳试样的加热永久线变化越大,抗渣侵蚀性越差;2)当Al2O3质原料粒度相同时,采用特级高铝矾土熟料的试样的加热永久线变化大于采用电熔刚玉的,抗高碱度渣侵蚀性也差于采用电熔刚玉的。     

Joining of alumina with a porous alumina interlayer

In the joining of structural ceramics, a porous interlayer is generally believed to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the joint. This paper, however, shows that a porous interlayer can sustain high adhesion strength when cavities or interfacial cracks are eliminated. The characteristic of the new slurry approach, described in this work, is that a pure alumina slurry interlayer is dried between two adjoining dense alumina plates and sintered with a negligible external pressure to form the porous interlayer. The effect of slurry concentration was studied to optimize the microstructure of interlayer. By controlling the interlayer microstructure and nature of the flaws, it was possible to fabricate high-strength bonds. The new slurry approach opens up the possibility of pure diffusion bonding which requires neither high pressure during heat treatments nor flat surfaces.     

Creep study on alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites

Alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites have been sintered by spark plasma sintering, obtaining relative densities higher than 99%. Microstuctural characterization revealed a grain microstructure in the submicron range, where alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites exhibited a good CNTs dispersion thought the ceramic matrix. Creep experiments performed in both materials showed a similar mechanical behavior, where the addition of CNTs seems to have a negligible effect on the strain rate, in contrast to results reported by other authors. Grain boundary sliding accommodated by lattice diffusion has been identified as the high temperature deformation mechanisms in both samples, alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites. We have discussed about the role of CNTs influence on the plasticity of these composites.     

氧化铝、改性氧化铝及硅酸铝的酸性特征

介绍了氧化铝的酸性,其中包括酸度、酸强度、酸类型及酸位微观结构,在氧化铝中加入P、B、F、Ti、Zr或Si对酸性的影响,以及Y型沸石及其改性的酸性。     

Selecting alumina grades for making densely sintered alumina ceramics

Conclusions The rheological properties of slips and the properties of the castings based on the aluminas investigated are very satisfactory and correspond to those obtained for specimens based on G00 alumina. The exceptions are the increased zeta-potential values in the slips made from aluminas GA5 and G0, and the reduced kinetic stability of the slip made from alumina GK.The specimens obtained from alumina of all the grades investigated at 1750° sinter until the apparent porosity completely disappears. The castings made from GK alumina have very high deformation in firing.The highest mechanical and dielectric properties are obtained with specimens of grades GA85 and GA8 aluminas.Sintered vacuum-type products with high electrical and mechanical properties should be made by using alumina grades GA85 and GA8 specified by GOST 6912-64 (instead of G00 as specified by GOST 6912-54).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 39–45, July, 1970.     

Creep mechanisms of laminated alumina/zirconia-toughened alumina composites

High-temperature plastic deformation of laminar composites containing alternate layers of Al₂O₃ and a mixture of 60 vol.% Al₂O₃ + 40 vol.% 3 mol% Y₂O₃-stabilized tetragonal ZrO₂ (ZTA) produced by tape casting is investigated in isostrain compression testing at temperatures between 1400 and 1500 °C. The stress exponent n and the creep activation energy Q are close to 1 and 700 kJ/mol, respectively. Microstructual observations reveal the lack of differential features in the ZTA layers and a general creep damage of the Al₂O₃ layers, with little microcracking by cavity coalescence even up to strains of 30%. The layer interfaces maintain their initial structural integrity after testing. An isostrain composite creep model predicts correctly the overall mechanical behavior of the laminates, which is dictated by the alumina phase via diffusional creep controlled by oxygen grain boundary diffusion.     

Fabrication and characterization of alumina and zirconia-toughened alumina porous structures

In the present study, alumina (Al₂O₃) and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) porous structures (foams) were manufactured using the space holder technique. Al₂O₃ and ZTA foams with varying porosities from 20% to 69% were fabricated by adding different sizes (10, 20, and 40 μm) and different volume % of polystyrene beads (space holders) to Al₂O₃ and ZTA powders. All the fabricated foams were investigated under static conditions to assess the compressive behavior. It is observed that the compressive strength of these foams strongly depends on porosity, pore size, pore size distribution and pore wall thickness. Among all fabricated foams, Al₂O₃ foams with 20 vol% beads of 10 μm size showed a higher compressive strength of 700 MPa with low porosity (21%) and a higher pore wall thickness (2.8 μm). It is also observed that the pore wall thickness decreased with the increase in beads size and the volume % of the beads, resulting in a low compressive strength value of 8 MPa with a lower pore wall thickness of 1.75 μm at 80 vol% of 40 μm beads. All the foams, irrespective of pore size, showed a typical ceramic failure phenomenon up to 70 vol% of beads; after that, the failure behavior changed to complete open-cell fracture.     

Polyhedral alumina foam

The presented paper reports on the results of preparation of alumina foam with ideal polyhedral shapes of bubbles-pores. The foam was prepared by direct foaming method using partially hydrophobized Al₂O₃ particles, where dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was used as a hydrophobization agent. A polyhedral shape of the bubbles was achieved by “water procedure”, in which the alumina foam prepared by the direct foaming method was poured into twice its volume of water and mixed. After the mixing was stopped, the particles with an inadequate contact angle were washed out from the system of the alumina foam by draining. The foam was formed only from particles which were physically bound in the lamellas and the bubbles were arranged in ideal polyhedral shapes. The water procedure increases the foam stability, allowing for preparation of alumina foams with porosity of 99 %.     

Three-dimensional alumina nanotemplate

Cylindrically and pentagonally shaped three-dimensional (3-D) alumina nanotemplates were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of high purity aluminum. Crack-free 3-D nanotemplates were achieved by anodizing various aluminum pre-formed structures through their concave surfaces. A critical parameter for obtaining crack-free 3-D nanotemplates was manipulating the stress at the aluminum/aluminum-oxide interface, because tensile stress at this interface can cause radial cracks. Two different cathode configurations were used to produce 3-D nanotemplates: inner and outer cathode configuration. The outer cathode configuration allowed fabrication of 3-D alumina templates with smaller diameters (<500 μm) and the inner cathode configuration allowed fabrication of 3-D alumina templates with larger diameters (>500 μm). A larger pore density was observed at the inner surface of 3-D template than at the outer surface due to the curvature of the template. The pore diameter of alumina nanotemplate was strongly depended on the applied current density. No defect was observed independent of anodizing solutions and applied current density. This cost-effective and manufacturable method can be utilized for preparation of hierarchical nanostructures.     

Synthesis and mechanical properties of porous alumina from anisotropic alumina particles

A porous alumina body was synthesized from anisotropic alumina particles (platelets). The uniaxial pressure in fabricating the green compact body had an influence on the relative density of the alumina body after heating. When green compacts, which had been uniaxially pressed at 1 and 3 MPa, were heated at 1400 °C for 1 h, the relative densities of the resulting alumina bodies were 25.0% and 35.5%, respectively. The compressive strength of compacts that were uniaxially pressed at 1 and 3 MPa were 0.8 and 4.3 MPa, respectively. In an attempt to increase the compressive strength of these porous alumina bodies, aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate solution treatments were performed, followed by reheating to 1400 °C for 1 h. When a 0.5 mol/l aluminum nitrate solution was used, the compressive strength of the porous alumina body uniaxially pressed at 1 MPa changed from 0.8 MPa (without solution treatment) to 1.5 MPa. Furthermore, when 0.1 mol/l magnesium nitrate solution was used, the compressive strength of the porous alumina increased to 1.7 MPa. Thus, solution treatment of the porous alumina body had a strong positive effect on its mechanical strength.