有序介孔碳材料的研究进展及其在费托反应中的应用

综述了有序介孔碳的制备及改性方法,介绍了以有序介孔碳为载体制备钴基催化剂在费托合成反应中的研究,对有序介孔碳的发展和应用进行了总结和展望。     

新型介孔碳的制备、功能化及应用研究进展

综述了模板法制备孔径可调、高比表面积的介孔碳的合成路线,并介绍了介孔碳的功能化改性方法。同时对其在吸附剂、电极材料、催化材料领域的应用进展进行了概述,最后对介孔碳未来发展的潜在挑战及前景进行了讨论。     

介孔二氧化硅氨基改性及其CO_2吸附性能的研究进展

综述了介孔二氧化硅氨基改性及其CO2吸附性能的研究进展,主要介绍了MCM-41、SBA-15氨基改性的研究情况。同时对浸渍法和嫁接法在介孔二氧化硅氨基改性过程中的优缺点进行了讨论。最后,提出了介孔二氧化硅氨基改性在CO2吸附方面的研究方向。     

新型介孔碳的制备、功能化及应用研究进展

综述了模板法制备孔径可调、高比表面积的介孔碳的合成路线,并介绍了介孔碳的功能化改性方法。同时对其在吸附剂、电极材料、催化材料领域的应用进展进行了概述,最后对介孔碳未来发展的潜在挑战及前景进行了讨论。     

介孔碳材料的合成及其电催化产氢性能研究进展

综述了介孔碳材料的研究现状以及主要功能,并介绍了介孔碳材料的两种主要合成方法。根据化学气相沉积的方法,制备了新型的SBA-15介孔碳材料。同时对SBA-15的催化性能方面进行了概述,最后讨论了介孔碳材料的未来发展和研究方向。     

有序介孔分子筛在加氢脱硫中的应用研究进展

针对有序介孔分子筛中具有代表性的MCM-41和SBA-15分子筛,综述了未改性及不同方法改性后有序介孔分子筛作为加氢脱硫催化剂载体的应用研究进展,包括嵌入法、负载法、后嫁接法、共缩聚法改性等,对其优势及存在的问题进行了讨论分析。同时,对介孔分子筛在加氢脱硫中的应用前景进行了展望。     

硼掺杂介孔碳材料的研究进展

概述了硼掺杂介孔碳材料的制备方法以及应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。介孔尺寸的纳米碳材料具有高的比表面、孔径分布统一、制备过程可控和结构稳定等众多优点。近年来纳米碳的掺杂技术得到了迅速发展,通过对其进行掺杂改性可以实现其各功能的优化,拓宽其在各个研究领域的应用。大量实验研究表明,开发硼修饰改性的介孔碳材料具有十分远大的前景。     

功能化介孔碳的制备及在吸附领域的研究进展

介绍了有序介孔碳的制备、功能化改性方法和机理及在吸附领域的应用,并针对目前存在的问题,综述了国内外对介孔碳功能化的研究进展。     

介孔碳的研究进展及应用

介孔碳是一类新型的具有巨大比表面积和孔体积的介孔材料,可以通过不同的方法合成并对其孔结构和形貌进行调节。本文主要综述了介孔碳及介孔碳基复合材料的合成方法,对比阐述了不同方法制备的介孔碳材料所具备的孔道结构和形貌。介绍了将不同非金属和金属元素及其氧化物掺杂在介孔碳中合成复合材料,发现制备的复合材料具有更优的性能且掺杂元素不同复合材料的形貌和孔道结构不同。此外,简要说明了介孔碳及碳基复合材料在环境、催化、储能、电化学和生物医学等方面的应用,指出其在各个领域的应用仍存在不足。调整介孔碳的孔结构和表面性能、采用更简便易控制的合成方法将成为制备介孔碳及碳基材料的主要研究方向。     

硼掺杂介孔碳材料的研究进展

概述了硼掺杂介孔碳材料的制备方法以及应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。介孔尺寸的纳米碳材料具有高的比表面、孔径分布统一、制备过程可控和结构稳定等众多优点。近年来纳米碳的掺杂技术得到了迅速发展,通过对其进行掺杂改性可以实现其各功能的优化,拓宽其在各个研究领域的应用。大量实验研究表明,开发硼修饰改性的介孔碳材料具有十分远大的前景。     

Upgrading of biofuel by the catalytic deoxygenation of biomass

Biomass can be used to produce biofuels, such as bio-oil and bio-diesel, by a range of methods. Biofuels, however, have a high oxygen content, which deteriorates the biofuel quality. Therefore, the upgrading of biofuels via catalytic deoxygenation is necessary. This paper reviews the recent advances of the catalytic deoxygenation of biomass. Catalytic cracking of bio-oil is a promising method to enhance the quality of bio-oil. Microporous zeolites, mesoporous zeolites and metal oxide catalysts have been investigated for the catalytic cracking of biomass. On the other hand, it is important to develop methods to reduce catalyst coking and enhance the lifetime of the catalyst. In addition, an examination of the effects of the process parameters is very important for optimizing the composition of the product. The catalytic upgrading of triglycerides to hydrocarbon-based fuels is carried out in two ways. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was introduced to remove oxygen atoms from the triglycerides in the form of H₂O by hydrogenation. HDO produced hydrogenated biodiesel because the catalysts and process were based mainly on well-established technology, hydrodesulfurization. Many refineries and companies have attempted to develop and commercialize the HDO process. On the other hand, the consumption of huge amounts of hydrogen is a major problem hindering the wide-spread use of HDO process. To solve the hydrogen problem, deoxygenation with the minimum use of hydrogen was recently proposed. Precious metal-based catalysts showed reasonable activity for the deoxygenation of reagent-grade fatty acids with a batch-mode reaction. On the other hand, the continuous production of hydrocarbon in a fixed-bed showed that the initial catalytic activity decreases gradually due to coke deposition. The catalytic activity for deoxygenation needs to be maintained to achieve the widespread production of hydrocarbon-based fuels with a biological origin.     

生物油的特性、提质及应用

生物油是一种由生物质直接转化为液体燃料的新型可再生能源,具有产量大、可储存和碳循环等优点。综述了国内外生物油的物性特点、提质以及应用等研究进展。结果表明,生物油作为化石燃料的替代燃油存在很大优势,但其热值低、腐蚀性强等缺陷仍需进一步改进。     

生物油的组成和提质研究的进展

生物油即生物质裂解油,具有原料充足、可再生、价格低廉、提质后作为液体燃料利用热值高和污染较小等优点,因而生物油提质技术成为能源化工领域研究的热点之一。了解生物油的组成可以提供生物油提质的重要信息。评述了生物油的组成和提质研究的进展,总结了存在的问题,预测了今后的发展方向。     

Hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran over noble metal supported on mesoporous zeolite

Hydrodeoxygenation has been considered to be one of the most promising methods for bio-oil upgrading. In this paper, the catalytic performance of noble metal supported on mesoporous zeolite in model bio-oil compound hydrodeoxygenation was examined. Dibenzofuran was chosen here because of its refractory nature and large molecular size. Our results indicate that Pt supported on mesoporous ZSM-5 show better performance in dibenzofuran hydrodeoxygenation than Pt/ZSM-5 and Pt/Al₂O₃. The excellent catalytic performance is attributed to the combination of strong acidity and mesopore structure in mesoporous zeolite.     

A review on catalytic & non-catalytic bio-oil upgrading in supercritical fluids

This review article summarizes the key published research on the topic of bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid(SCF)conditions.The precious metal catalysts Pd,Ru and Pt on various supports are frequently chosen for catalytic bio-oil upgrading in SCFs.This is reportedly due to their favourable catalytic activity during the process including hydrotreating,hydrocracking,and esterification,which leads to improvements in liquid yield,heating value,and pH of the upgraded bio-oil.Due to the costs associated with precious metal catalysts,some researchers have opted for non-precious metal catalysts such as acidic HZSM-5 which can promote esterification in supercritical ethanol.On the other hand,SCFs have been effectively used to upgrade crude bio-oil without a catalyst.Supercritical methanol,ethanol,and water are most commonly used and demonstrate catalyst like activities such as facilitating esterification reactions and reducing solid yield by alcoholysis and hydrolysis,respectively.     

固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性中的应用

生物质液化是当今研究生物质能源的热点之一。本文详细综述了三大类固体酸催化剂在生物质液化中的应用现状,简单介绍了固体酸催化剂在生物油改性中的研究进展。对固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物质快速裂解液化技术的研究进展

综述了生物质能转化的技术途径,生物质热裂解的４种方式,着重介绍了生物质快速裂解直接液化的各种著名工艺和生物质燃料油的特点及其开发和利用。指出了目前生物质裂解技术以及生物质油深加工的难点和发展方向。     

Effect of reaction conditions on the catalytic esterification of bio-oil

Studies of bio-oil upgrading via esterification of palm shell bio-oil and alcohols employing acid catalysts were carried out in this work. The effects of esterification conditions on reaction conversion and product quality were investigated. Results indicated that esterification reaction using solid acid catalyst of Amberlyst15 enabled the conversion of organic acids in the bio-oil to esters and could also reduce certain amount of active aldehydes. The utilization of H₂SO₄ liquid catalyst was found to give higher conversion at the same reaction condition. Furthermore, higher reaction conversion to esters was achievable under conditions of higher temperature, longer reaction time, higher amounts of catalyst and alcohol and the use of shorter hydrocarbon chain of alcohol. Bio-oils, after being subjected to esterification, gave moderate heating value of 23–25 MJ/kg and improved fuel properties of decreased density, viscosity, carbon residue content, ash content, pour point and acidity.     

Zr02-A1203负载催化剂减压精馏催化酯化生物质裂解油

以Z102-A1203作为催化剂载体,分别制备了SO^2-4／ZrO2-Al2O3、NaOH/Zr02-Al2O3、ZrO2-Al2O33种固体催化剂,并采用酯化后3A分子筛除水和减压反应精馏两种方法精制生物质裂解油。结果表明,在分别使用SO^2-4／ZrO2-Al2O3、NaOH/Zr02-Al2O3、ZrO2-Al2O333种催化剂的条件下,酯化后3A分子筛除水的方式,可以将产品的含水率降至19．6％、18．3％和15．6％,而反应精馏可以将产品含水率分别降低至4．8％、5．4％和3．8％,较之前者效果更加明显。另外,对于3种不同性质的催化剂,结合酯化度计算式,对催化生物油酯化效果进行评价,可知其催化活性为：SO^2-4／ZrO2-Al2O3、NaOH/Zr02-Al2O3、ZrO2-Al2O33。最后,将得到的油品性质进行检测（包括黏度、pH值、密度和热值等）,各项结果表明,使用硫酸化催化剂。并采用减压反应精馏的酯化方式可以制备出一种性能优良的液体燃料。     

碱土金属氧化物基催化剂催化热解生物质研究进展

快速热解是生物质高效转化利用的重要方法之一,然而其目标产物生物油因含氧量高、组分复杂等不足而难以直接利用。通过在热解体系中引入碱土金属氧化物基催化剂,可以将热解产物中的氧元素以CO₂和H₂O等方式脱除,从而实现生物油品质的提升。总结了典型碱土金属氧化物基催化剂对生物质催化热解过程中发生的酮基化、羟醛缩合、开环和侧链断裂反应及机理,讨论了催化剂类型（CaO、MgO、基于碱土金属氧化物的分子筛和活性炭等）、生物质原料、温度、催化剂用量、停留时间、催化方式、催化剂失活等因素对生物油产率与品质的影响,并对生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油及其应用进行了展望。