裂解气压缩机长周期运行存在问题及解决对策

裂解气压缩机是乙烯装置关键设备,由于裂解气中含有丁二烯、苯乙烯等活跃组分,极易在裂解气压缩机缸体、管线等部位聚合结焦进而导致一系列的问题。分析了中国石化茂名分公司1号乙烯装置裂解气压缩机长周期运行过程中出现的振动异常和段间压差偏高的问题,简要介绍了采取的相关措施。结合装置检修过程对裂解气压缩系统的处理,对裂解气压缩机长周期运行提出建议。     

裂解气压缩机结垢原因及应对措施

阐述了裂解气压缩机结垢的原因,以及结垢对裂解气压缩机运行产生的影响,并对预防裂解气压缩机结垢的主要措施进行了说明。     

裂解气压缩机氮气运行模拟核算及应用研究

大庆石化公司裂解二套乙烯装置裂解气压缩机原设计无氮气运行工况,利用Aspen Plus建立裂解气压缩机氮气运行模型,通过压缩机性能曲线对其进行模拟,核算压缩机氮气运行段间循环水换热器冷却能力及氮气开车气源,首次实现裂解气压缩机氮气运行并对高压系统进行气密,以达到实物料开车无泄漏的目标。     

乙烯装置裂解气压缩机级间结焦的诱因、机理及其对策

从乙烯装置原料裂解着手,深入剖析了裂解气压缩机结焦的诱因和机理,阐述了裂解气压缩机运行中可能产生结焦的位置及其对裂解气压缩机气动性能和机械性能的影响,提出了避免和解决问题的具体办法。     

乙烯装置裂解气压缩机长周期运行问题分析

通过对乙烯装置裂解气压缩机运行状态进行分析,得出影响裂解气压缩机系统长周期运行的主要因素为压缩机结垢、机组振动和段间换热器内漏,并对原因进行对比分析,提出了优化调整方案。同时为了补充及缓解外界氮气系统对机组干气密封的影响,增加高压氮气补入系统,确保了装置高效稳定运行。消除了裂解气压缩机不能长时间运行的问题,延长了压缩机的运行周期和运行效率。     

裂解气压缩机长周期运行举措

裂解气压缩机作为乙烯装置最关键核心机组,如果出现故障将严重后果。由于裂解气中富含1,3丁二烯、苯乙烯、环戊二烯等多种易结焦组分,将对压缩机的正常运行产生严重危害。对压缩机长周期运行中出现的异常问题进行分析,并提出了相对可行的解决建议。     

裂解气压缩机长周期运行中的问题与对策

分析中国石化广州分公司化工一部乙烯装置裂解气压缩机长周期运行中存在的问题,提出了解决隐患、延长运行周期的方法,实现了裂解气压缩机连续运行679天。     

裂解气压缩机注水改造

通过对裂解气压缩机增加注水改造,解决裂解气压缩机机组内部结焦的问题,对降低压缩机出口温度、延缓结焦速度、提高运行周期起到了积极作用。     

裂解气压缩机表面冷凝器在线清洗浅析

介绍了中国石化上海石油化工股份公司2号乙烯联合装置（400kt/a）裂解气压缩机在运行中真空度长期偏低的问题,根据对裂解气压缩机透平表面冷凝器设备结构的分析,成功实施了在线清洗方案。消除了装置运行瓶颈,保证了乙烯装置满负荷、长周期运行。     

影响裂解气压缩机长周期运行问题分析及处理

从设计、生产运行等方面,分析了影响中国石油吉林石化分公司乙烯厂乙烯装置裂解气压缩机长周期运行的各类问题。通过有效解决设计中的遗留问题,以及采用注水系统和裂解气压缩机阻聚技术大幅减缓裂解气压缩机结垢,加强循环水水质监控力度保证段间换热器的换热效果,对复水器进行消漏和在压控阀上游增加截断阀等措施,降低了装置的能耗和物耗,延长了压缩机的运行周期。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.     

Approximation of temperature dependence of the modulus of elasticity of glass

A refined nonlinear value of the main parameter of a material, i.e., the elongation modulus versus the instant temperature value, was suggested for introduction into the computational algorithm of tempering stresses.