扩散连接冶金技术制备无损检测模拟试块的应用研究

将热压扩散连接冶金法应用于超声波模拟试块制备的应用研究,设计制备含有不同深度、宽度的矩形缺陷阵列试块并进行表征研究。利用石墨限位装置实现3～1 mm梯度的3种试块轴向变形极限条件,实施热压扩散连接试验。所制备试块分析结果表明:3种变形极限条件下,试块连接质量均较好,且试块轴向和径向变形量得到不同程度的限制;设计深度为2.0、1.0和0.5 mm的系列缺陷均能保留,预制缺陷的宽/深比小于3.6时,缺陷不会发生熔合;1 mm变形极限下,可获得最为完整的预制缺陷状态。无损检测结果显示各条件下试块预制矩形缺陷边界清晰;微观形貌显示连接界面区域组织扩散熔合充分且无明显影响预制缺陷的自生有害缺陷生成;连接界面区域与基体金相组织无明显区别,且化学元素分布均匀;热压扩散连接冶金方法可以应用于无损检测模拟试块的研制。     

激光选区熔化技术应用于无损检测模拟试块制备的研究及试块表征分析

无损检测模拟试块在实际探伤领域有着重要应用,但试块及其缺陷的制备存在较大困难,增材制造由于独特的成型工艺,使得缺陷的自由设计及试块加工成型成为可能。实验利用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)增材制造技术制备了材质为316L不锈钢的无损检测模拟试块,在试块内部设计了缺陷孔径尺寸为ø0.1 mm～ø0.6 mm的6个数值梯度的模拟孔洞和裂纹类缺陷。研究结果表明:金属粉末经SLM方法成型试块后,化学成分无明显变化;缺陷设计孔径为ø0.4 mm～ø0.6 mm时,缺陷制备重复性较好,且形态相对均完整;由于成型过程中激光穿透作用和热影响区熔化粘粉现象导致缺陷形状精度变差。模拟孔洞和裂纹缺陷的超声波检测波形变化信息及规律与缺陷实际状态相符。激光选区熔化增材制造技术应用于无损检测模拟试块的制备具有可行性。     

三明治复合结构泡沫铝的制备及界面组织分析

采用冷压预制块(芯)与钢面板热压,然后发泡的工艺制备出了泡沫铝三明治复合结构(AFS).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素线扫描对界面的微观组织及生成相成分进行了分析.试验结果和分析表明,热压过程中钢面板与芯部通过机械变形和元素扩散形成了牢固结合;发泡过程中,通过Fe、Al元素在界面的相向扩散,生成了FeAl3金属间化合物及(FeAl3+Al)共晶凝固组织,板芯间形成了良好的冶金结合界面.     

PtTi0.5Zr0.2/Ti微叠层复合材料的制备及性能研究

将0.14 mm厚PtTi0.5Zr0.2合金片和0.08 mm厚Ti片依次叠放,经850℃/2 h真空热压烧结后,分别采用冷轧和热轧工艺制备PtTi0.5Zr0.2/Ti微叠层复合材料。研究了轧制工艺对微叠层复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在850℃热压烧结2 h,叠层复合材料界面形成冶金结合,并有少量Ti_3Pt金属间化合物形成;采用冷轧工艺,单道次变形量为10%～15%,累积变形量至50%后进行500℃/1 h中间退火,然后继续冷轧直至复合坯厚度至0.2 mm、总变形量超过90%,由此得到的PtTi0.5Zr0.2/Ti微叠层复合材料的层间距为20～30μm,且各叠层保持连续,厚度均匀,平行度好;PtTi0.5Zr0.2/Ti微叠层复合材料抗拉强度为657 MPa,延伸率达9.46%。     

热压温度对TC4/Ta层状复合材料界面元素扩散行为及微观结构的影响

在不同温度下通过高温热压复合制备了TC4/Ta/TC4层状金属复合材料(LMCs),并讨论了界面元素扩散行为、微观结构随热压温度的变化关系.结果 表明,在热压和保温过程中两组元元素在界面处发生了明显的扩散行为,两组元实现了良好的冶金结合.高温热压促进了Al、V、Ti、Ta各元素在界面处的扩散,其扩散程度显著影响了界面附近的显微组织.每种元素的扩散深度与原子半径紧密相关,随着原子半径减小,扩散行为发生的更为强烈.元素扩散行为导致界面附近钛基体的相变温度降低,在低于TC4相变温度的950℃出现了网篮组织,随着与界面距离的变化呈现不同的微观组织形貌.     

配煤热压块操作参数的选择研究

利用炼焦煤在塑性温度区间析出的胶质体作为黏结剂,在自行设计的热压模具内生产高密度的热压块,寻找最适宜的热压操作条件及所配热压块的不同压溃强度指标对焦炭质量的影响。结果表明,热压块制备的最优方案为加热温度430℃,加热时间20 min,操作压力20 MPa;加热温度是影响热压块压溃强度的主要因素,其次为加热时间,而操作压力对热压块压溃强度的影响较小;当热压块的压溃强度大于800 N时,配此热压块炼焦可以明显提高焦炭质量,且焦炭质量与配有此热压块的压溃强度具有一定的相关性。     

热压316L/Q345R复合板的结合性能

热轧双金属复合板由于其优良性质而得到广泛使用,而如何改善其结合性能也成为业界内的研究热点问题.本文尝试采用分子动力学模拟的方法对316L/Q345R双金属板的高温结合性能进行系统研究.在建立316L/Q345R体系的原子结构模型的基础上,使用MD模拟方法对316L/Q345R体系的热压复合过程进行模拟,其中采用嵌入原子势函数来描述Fe、Cr和Ni之间的相互作用.分析了不同温度与压缩应变率对热压复合变形机制以及扩散层厚度的影响,并探讨了添加金属层对界面结合性能的改善效果.研究表明:温度的提高有利于形成较厚的扩散层,当双金属热压复合温度接近熔点时,此时在双金属复合界面获得的扩散层厚度远大于在较低温度复合时的扩散层厚度;应变率的提高会降低扩散层厚度,这主要因为在达到相同的压缩应变时,随着应变率增大和压缩时间缩短,原子的扩散时间缩短;在双金属之间添加一个晶格厚度的Ni层后,复合界面扩散层厚度比不含Ni复合时增加了134.5%,表明添加镍层能够明显提高扩散层厚度,但添加铬层对提高扩散层厚度的影响不大.      

用Ni＋Ti粉坯热压反应烧结连接SiC

用Ni＋Ti粉坯作为焊料，采用热压反应烧结连接法连接SiC陶瓷，研究了焊接温度、保温时间、连接压力和压坯厚度对试样连接强度的影响规律。在本文所述试验范围内，确定的最佳工艺为：连接温度1100℃，保温时间20min，焊接压力12．7MPa，焊料压坯厚度0．3mm，所得连接件的相对抗弯强度为53％。微观结构和XRD物相分析表明：在Ni＋Ti粉坯与sic陶瓷接合界面处，发生了元素的互扩散和界面反应，在适当的工艺条件下，接头界面具有在NiTi、Ni3C、Ni16Ti6Si7混合物的基体中弥散分布TiC相的微观组织，借助于主要基体相NiTi的韧性和与母材SiC晶格匹配良好的TiC可以实现有效的界面结合。     

钛-铜扩散界面及其导电性分析

通过热压扩散复合制备钛-铜复合板,研究了温度对复合界面形貌的影响.SEM分析表明扩散界面由Cu4Ti、Cu4Ti3、CuTi、CuTi2化合物相组成,同时存在2个不同衬度的Cu4Ti相层.复合板的导电性得到大幅提高,是纯钛的13.2～15.7倍.     

QAl10-4-4/TC6双金属连接界面组织与力学性能分析

铜合金/钛合金双金属材料能发挥各自的性能优势,兼具轻质、耐磨、高强等优异性能。本文通过真空热压扩散法连接QAl10-4-4铝青铜和TC6钛合金,并采用显微组织观察和剪切强度测试等方法,研究了直接连接和添加AgCuZnCd连接的QAl10-4-4/TC6双金属的界面组织和力学性能,探究了连接参数与中间层对QAl10-4-4/TC6双金属连接质量的影响规律,分析了双金属界面过渡层形成机理,建立了连接工艺-界面组织-力学性能的内在关联。结果表明：直接扩散连接的QAl10-4-4/TC6双金属连接质量较差,生成的金属间化合物导致界面上生长了贯穿长裂纹,剪切强度仅有21 MPa;添加AgCuZnCd连接QAl10-4-4/TC6双金属后界面金属间化合物减少,当连接温度为850 ℃时,界面剪切强度最大为178.19 MPa,温度超过850 ℃时,双金属界面强度迅速降低。     

Lower limit law of welding windows for explosive welding of dissimilar metals

The influence of explosive charge thickness on the quality of explosive welding of dissimilar metals was in-vestigated.The lower limit law should be followed in the course of explosive welding.Three welding ex-periments of stainless steel (410S) and steel (Q345R) were carried out in three different kinds of explo-sive charge thicknesses, namely 15, 25 and 35 mm.Interfaces of morphology and mechanical properties of three samples were observed and tested.It was found that micro and small wavy bonding is mainly formed for charge thickness of 15 mm whose strength is the highest with minor deformation and few defects in the interface; small and middle wavy bonding are mainly formed for charge thickness of 25 mm whose strength is comparatively mediocre; big wavy bonding is mainly formed for charge thickness of 35 mm whose strength is the lowest.The cause of high bonding strength of the micro and small wavy interface was analyzed and verified on the basis of the results of Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) tests of three selected samples.     

镍夹层厚度对316L/EH40复合界面特性影响

 为了探究夹层厚度对复合材料组织及性能的影响规律,设定了4种带不同厚度镍夹层(0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mm)的复合试样,在相同条件下进行相同厚度试件的热压缩试验,通过金相显微分析技术对压缩后样件结合界面的微观组织进行分析、通过能谱分析对结合界面元素扩散情况进行分析,通过显微硬度测试对结合界面力学性能进行测试以及通过拉伸试验对材料的拉伸性能进行检测。对比研究发现,镍夹层厚度越大,结合界面越平滑,同时对碳、铬等元素扩散的阻隔效果越好,在厚度达到一定程度时,继续增大夹层厚度会使板材的力学性能下降;0.05 mm厚的镍层附近硬度值出现明显突变,其余3种厚度的夹层附近硬度值变化趋势大体相同;其中,0.10 mm厚的镍夹层一方面可以很好地阻隔元素扩散行为,另一方面也可以保证材料界面处的优良的拉伸性能(512 MPa)。     

Healing of the intrabony periodontal lesion following root conditioning with citric acid and wound closure including an expanded PTFE membrane

The effect of citric acid conditioning of the root surface in conjunction with gingival flap surgery including barrier membranes (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) was clinically evaluated in 26 intrabony periodontal defects in 23 patients. Control treatment included gingival flap surgery with barrier membranes alone. Twelve defects were treated with the experimental and 14 with the control protocol. Healing was evaluated 12 months after surgery. Initial probing depths approximated 6.9 mm and defect depths measured during surgery exceeded 4 mm. The patients exhibited good oral hygiene over the study interval as substantiated by low plaque and bleeding scores. Acid conditioning of the root surface did not enhance periodontal healing in this study, similar amounts of defect resolution were observed following either treatment protocol. Probing depth reduction generally approximated 1.8 mm; gain of clinical attachment, 0.8 mm; and defect bone fill, 1.2 mm. Under the prevailing conditions, the barrier membrane procedure apparently gave a healing result beyond which further improvement could not be achieved by root surface conditioning.     

FGH91粉末高温合金与K418B铸造叶环热等静压扩散连接研究

采用热等静压工艺进行了FGH91粉末高温合金和K418B铸造叶环扩散连接试验,研究了FGH91-K418B双合金的界面成分扩散和连接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明,在连接界面足够清洁的条件下,选择1190 ℃+170 MPa的热等静压工艺,可以实现FGH91和K418B两种合金良好的冶金连接。进一步观察和分析发现,扩散连接接头致密完整,无夹杂物和连续的第二相析出物,扩散区宽度80～120 μm。FGH91-K418B双合金的拉伸性能、持久性能和显微组织具有良好的一致性,试样断裂均未发生在界面结合处。     

钨钼复合双金属界面研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了钨钼复合双金属靶材,研究了不同工艺参数下复合材料的界面组织和结构。试验结果表明,控制适当工艺参数可以获得结合良好的平直界面。钨钼复合双金属界面结合形式主要为扩散结合,烧结温度和保持时间对复合材料结合界面结构均有明显影响。本文还讨论了钨钼复合双金属界面的缺陷及产生机理。     

Elasto-Plastic Test of Q235 Steel Bending Beam With Cracking Resistance

More than 30 bending beams with rectangular cross-section and different thicknesses and heights were prepared from Q235 steel. The specimen dimensions were about 240 mm (length) × 60 mm (height) × 70 mm (thickness). Flaws were cut along its middle line with a wire cutter, with lengths ranging from 6 to 35 mm. Each specimen was tested with three-point bend loading, and a process curve was obtained between load and the displacement of the loading point, in order to analyze the fracture process when opening the crack. A deformation near the prefabricated crack was observed in the testing period, and the variation of the fracture characteristic parameters was analyzed for different sizes. For a comprehensive understanding of carbon steel fracture resistance behavior, its elasticity and plasticity were established by determining its Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio with an optical strain gauge. This gauge was also used for the loading process test. It was found that the fracture toughness varied with the dimensions, and the toughness of the elastic limit loading was almost constant. Using the relationship of crack resistance stress intensity factor and fracture criterion, the bearing capacity of the material structure could be estimated, which shows a good agreement with the experimental test data.     

Defect healing in the axial zone of continuous-cast billet

Minimization of the metal consumption in components imposes ever-increasing structural requirements on steel. Accordingly, it is important to study the behavior of structural defects in continuous-cast billet (shrinkage pores, gas bubbles, axial porosity) during deformation. The use of laminar physical models to study the pressure treatment of metals is further developed in the present work. The influence of the strain on defect healing may be assessed by using laminar models together with defect application to the surface of layer n and the analysis of information regarding its distortion. The proposed method is applied to the deformation of continuous- cast bar billet in the first three rectangular grooves of the reduction cell in the 500/370 linear rolling mill at PAO Donetskii Metalloprokatnyi Zavod. On the basis of the experimental data, the existing healing mechanism for axial metal defects may be refined in terms of the total extension and the applied deforming forces.     

AlTiCrN涂层结合界面组织特征与结合性能

以Ti、Al和Cr为靶材,采用阴极离子镀在YT14硬质合金刀具表面制备一层AlTiCrN涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了其表面和界面形貌、化学元素组成和物相,并用线扫描和面扫描研究了涂层中化学元素在结合界面处扩散机理.用划痕法表征其界面层结合强度,对界面结合机理进行了讨论.AlTiCrN涂层的物相主要以AlN、CrN和TiN为主,涂层在(111)晶面具有很强的择优取向.涂层中Al、Ti、Cr和N原子数分数高于基体,在结合界面处呈阶梯状过渡分布,基体中C原子扩散进入TiN、AlN和CrN晶格点阵中,形成明显的扩散层.涂层结合界面为机械+扩散形式,其结合方式主要是由吸附结合、扩散结合和化合结合方式组成.划痕过程中涂层经历弹性变形、塑性变形和涂层剥离三个阶段,界面结合强度为59.2N.