移动通信中无线信道特性的研究

从等效低通信道的时变冲激响应的相关函数和功率密度谱函数出发,研究了一些描述广义平稳非相关散射(WSSUS)的无线信道特性的统计参数,并对无线移动衰落信道的特性进行分类。分析了3种常见的小尺度多径衰落信道的统计模型,给出了在平坦衰落信道中系统传输比特误码率的一般分析方法。最后,利用这些模型和方法,给出了一些常见数字调制信号的传输误码率的数值结果。结果表明：衰落对无线移动通信系统传输性能的影响是很大的,在实际中应设法消除它。     

矿井巷道多径信道模型研究

针对矿井无线信道快衰落多径信号幅度统计特性的可变性,介绍了描述矿井无线信道多径幅度分布的Rayleigh分布、Rician分布、Nakagami分布三种统计特性,提出了一种Nakagami幅度统计衰落信道的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果显示,该模型能灵活地表述多径幅度分布不同的衰落程度,还可以改善信号性能,与其他衰落信道模型相比,有很大的优越性。     

噪声功率时变的瑞利慢衰落信道有限状态Markov模型

对衰落信道的准确建模对于自适应无线通信、认知无线电等应用中的信道预测具有重要意义。针对噪声功率存在时变特性的无线通信应用环境,提出了一种新的瑞利衰落信道的有限状态Markov模型。通过将接收信号的衰落电平进行离散化处理,建立了衰落电平区间与Markov模型状态之间的一一对应关系,推导了门限电平与状态转移概率和状态分布概率之间的理论关系式,并在此基础上提出了一种易于实现的基于等概率的信道模型。理论分析与仿真结果表明:在噪声功率时变的条件下,已有的基于信噪比的模型失效,而该模型能准确反映信道的衰落特性,最大相对误差小于7%。      

多径衰落信道的分数布朗运动模型

本文旨在将分形理论引入多径衰落信道的研究,从非线性科学的角度出发建立了多径信道的分数布朗运动模型.通过探讨多径信号的增量统计分布、统计自相似性、广义功率谱和分形维数,揭示了多径衰落与分数布朗运动间的内在联系;指出信号的分维是描述无线信道传播特性的重要参数;在分形模型的基础上,对多径信号进行了重构.实验结果表明,无线信道的分数布朗运动模型比传统的随机模型能更有效地刻划和描述多径衰落的行为.     

移动通信中的无线信道技术

从移动无线信道的时变冲激响应的功率密度谱函数和相关函数出发,研究广义平稳非相关散射(WSSUS)无线信道特性的统计参数,对无线移动衰落信道的特性进行了分类。分析了无线通信中影响移动无线通信信号传输质量的原因,对提高移动通信质量的可行性提供参考。     

超短波电台信道模型的仿真研究

无线信道的特性直接关系到为实现优质可靠地超短波电台通信必须采用的技术措施,因此分析研究无线信道模型对于超短波电台通信有着重要的意义。针对平坦开阔地形的超短波无线信道进行了研究,介绍了无线信道的特性以及多径衰落的信道模型和统计特征,描述了超短波无线信道模型的组成框架,结合应用实际进行了信道仿真与性能分析,得到信道模型的时域和频域特性,仿真结果表明该模型满足应用需求,可以应用于超短波电台的算法设计仿真。     

无线移动信道的仿真

本文介绍了利用MATLAB来对无线移动信道进行仿真的方法。首先解释移动信号多径传播和因此造成的衰落的基本特性，然后重点对常见的瑞利衰落和莱斯衰落进行仿真；为了对衰落有个直观的表达，在仿真衰落的同时也给出了衰落幅度的分布或概率密度函数。     

不同衰落下的并行信道建模与容量分析

无线信道的分析与建模是无线通信研究的基础的工作,信号在传输过程中会受到不同衰落环境的影响,例如频率选择性衰落、时间选择性衰落和空间选择性衰落。为了分析无线传播环境在这三种衰落条件下的信道特性,分别对三种衰落信道进行并行信道建模,在此基础上将注水原理分别应用于这三种衰落信道中,即分别在频率、时间和空间上进行最佳功率分配,只对信道状况良好的子信道分配功率,最后得到不同衰落信道下的信道容量。     

空时相关复合衰落多输入多输出信道模型研究

针对多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)无线传播环境,综合考虑路径损耗、阴影衰落和多径衰落影响,提出一种基于Nakagami-Lognormal分布的相关复合衰落MIMO信道模型,推导并获得各信道自相关和互相关系数的理论表达式;提出一种基于谐波叠加思想的复合衰落MIMO信道仿真方法,并分析了该方法输出信道衰落的空时相关特性.数值仿真结果表明:仿真模型输出统计特性均与理论模型吻合;各子信道之间存在互相关性且随阴影衰落方差减小而下降,而自相关性则呈现快速起伏并缓慢下降的特性.     

一种新的MIMO无线信道建模方法

文中提出了一种时变宽带MIMO信道的建模方法。该方法利用修正的Jakes衰落模型，用正弦波形叠加的方法，建立了一个频率选择性瑞利衰落多普勒MIMO信道模型。MATLAB仿真证实了该方法的可行性。     

一种动态时变衰落信道下的频谱感知算法

针对时变慢衰落信道中频谱感知问题,提出一种新颖的动态状态空间系统模型,将授权用户状态与时变衰落信道状态看作2个隐藏系统状态;在此基础上,提出一种联合估计时变信道增益与授权用户状态的新型频谱感知方法。仿真结果表明,提出的新方案能够显著提高动态时变衰落信道中的频谱感知性能。     

基于移动端多天线系统的无线衰落信道模型

根据当前无线移动通信对多天线移动接收端性能仿真的要求，讨论并建立了适于空时信号处理的移动端矢量信道模型。通过分析无线移动信道特点。研究了影响接收信号幅度相位的诸多因素，建立了相应的数学模型。并对随机参数选取进行了探讨。其中考虑到移动端接收信号到达角扩散的特点，采用GBSB椭圆模型产生了适于移动端接收信号仿真的随机角度，改进了一种瑞利衰落生成算法。最后信道的数值仿真结果符合理论和经验。同时，通过TD-SCDMA系统链路级仿真，也证明了该信道模型的有效性。     

一种无线信道复合衰落模型的分析与仿真

移动通信过程中由于移动设备所处的环境不同,存在不同的信道衰落,从各种衰落模型的相互关系出发,提出了一种移动无线衰落信道混合应用模型。通过实现瑞利衰落分布和对数正态分布,经线性和非线性变换可以得到Nakagami和Suzuki等分布。对提出的复合衰落模型进行仿真,仿真结果符合理论值。该混合衰落模型设计和仿真方法可以用于指导信道模拟器设计和通信系统仿真。     

基于高阶矩的Nakagami-m参数估计方法

衰落信道参数估计是无线信道传输系统中的关键技术。首先建立了噪声条件Nakagami-m分布模型,提出了一种基于高阶矩的Nakagami-m参数估计方法。该方法利用了高阶矩具有检测高斯分布特性的特点,用以识别衰落信道的属性。理论分析和仿真试验均证明了新方法的可行性和有效性,并对矩估计方法的计算复杂度进行了分析,从理论上证明其运算量低于最大似然估计方法。     

一种自适应调制方案

阐述一种星座图可调的自适应调制方案，并在Beyond ITM-2000的相关参数下进行了性能仿真。该方案能克服移动无线信道时变衰落特性对传输性能的影响，在信道的传输质量满足一定误码率要求的前提下，根据无线信道衰落情况，使调制方式在四相移相键控调制（Quaternary Phase Shift Keying，QPSK）、正交幅度调制（Quadrature Amplitude Modulation，QAM）包括8QAM，16QAM，32QAM，64QAM，128QAM，256QAM之间自如切换。仿真结果表明，该系统方案可以有效地适应无线信道的时变衰落，不但能增加系统平均吞吐量，而且能提高频谱利用率。     

Error Rates in Generalized Shadowed Fading Channels

Most of the existing models to describe the shadowed fading channels use either the Suzuki or Nakagami-lognormal probability density function (pdf), both based on lognormal shadowing. However, these two density functions do not lead to closed form solutions for the received signal power, making the computations of error rates and outages very cumbersome. A generalized or compound fading model which takes into account both fading and shadowing in wireless systems, is presented here. Starting with the Nakagami model for fading, shadowing is incorporated using a gamma distribution for the average power in the Nakagami fading model. This compound pdf developed here based on a gamma-gamma distribution is analytically simpler than the two pdfs based on lognormal shadowing and is general enough to incorporate most of the fading and shadowing observed in wireless channels. The performance of coherent BPSK is evaluated using this compound fading model.     

Joint Data and Kalman Estimation for Rayleigh Fading Channels

Channel estimation is an essential part of many detection techniques proposed for data transmission over fading channels. For the frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel an autoregressive moving average representation is proposed based on the fading model parameters. The parameters of this representation are determined based on the fading channel characteristics, making it possible to employ the Kalman filter as the best estimator for the channel impulse response. For IS-136 formatted data transmission the Kalman filter is employed with the Viterbi algorithm in a Per-Survivor Processing (PSP) fashion and the ove rall bit error rate performance is shown to be superior to that of detection techniques using the RLS and LMS estimators. To allow more than one channel estimation per symbol interval, Per-Branch Processing (PBP) method is introduced as a general case of PSP and its effect on performance is evaluated. The sensitivity of performance to parameters such as fading model order and vehicle speed is also studied.     

Joint evolutionary spectrum and autoregressive‐based approach to modeling non‐stationary flat fading channels

Modeling of wireless channels, especially non‐stationary fading channels, is important for design and performance analysis of wireless communication systems. Recently, we proposed a new approach to modeling non‐stationary fading channels, based on the theory of evolutionary spectrum (ES). In this paper, we develop a time‐varying autoregressive (AR) model for a non‐stationary flat fading channel; specifically, we develop a method to determine the time‐varying coefficients of the AR channel model, given the ES of a non‐stationary process. Furthermore, with the ES theory, we develop a trace‐driven time‐varying AR channel simulator to generate a non‐stationary flat fading process. Simulation results show that the ES of the channel gain process produced by our joint ES‐and‐AR‐based channel model agrees well with the user‐specified ES, indicating the accuracy of our joint ES‐and‐AR‐based channel model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel Approach for Modeling Wireless Fading Channels Using a Finite State Markov Chain

Empirical modeling of wireless fading channels using common schemes such as autoregression and the finite state Markov chain (FSMC) is investigated. The conceptual background of both channel structures and the establishment of their mutual dependence in a confined manner are presented. The novel contribution lies in the proposal of a new approach for deriving the state transition probabilities borrowed from economic disciplines, which has not been studied so far with respect to the modeling of FSMC wireless fading channels. The proposed approach is based on equal portioning of the received signal‐to‐noise ratio, realized by using an alternative probability construction that was initially highlighted by Tauchen. The associated statistical procedure shows that a first‐order FSMC with a limited number of channel states can satisfactorily approximate fading. The computational overheads of the proposed technique are analyzed and proven to be less demanding compared to the conventional FSMC approach based on the level crossing rate. Simulations confirm the analytical results and promising performance of the new channel model based on the Tauchen approach without extra complexity costs.