外加电压频率对液晶介电各向异性的影响

液晶材料的介电各向异性通常与频率有关。为进一步研究频率对液晶材料介电常数的影响,首先,使用紫外可见分光光度计(METASH UV-9000S)和表面轮廓仪(Contor GK-T)分别测量液晶盒厚度以及聚酰亚胺(PI)取向层厚度,通过精密热台(LTS 350)控制实验温度20℃,使用精密LCR表(Agilent E4980A)测定4种不同液晶材料在100～2 000Hz的频率内的平行和垂直排列向列相液晶盒电容;然后,利用液晶盒电容模型计算出不同频率下液晶的平行和垂直介电常数,并绘制频率-介电各向异性曲线;最后,分析频率对液晶介各向异性的影响。实验结果表明:温度一定,正性液晶的介电各向异性随频率的升高而减小,然后逐渐趋于平缓,负性液晶的介电各向异性随频率变化基本保持不变。此项研究对进一步分析液晶材料的介电特性具有一定的指导意义。     

侧位含氟苯乙炔类液晶化合物的微波介电性能

近年来基于液晶材料的微波通信器件研究发展迅速,液晶材料的介电损耗成为制约微波器件发展的瓶颈,然而目前对微波用液晶材料性能报道较少。本文以低熔点高双折射侧位含氟苯乙炔类液晶作为研究对象,将其按一定比例掺杂到母体液晶MA中,采用矩形谐振腔微扰法测试所选液晶化合物在微波频段(10～30GHz)下的介电性能,探讨分子结构对微波频段液晶介电性能的影响作用。实验结果表明:在高频时的液晶介电各向异性与分子极性和双折射率相关,侧位含氟苯乙炔类和端基异硫氰基苯乙炔类液晶化合物均具有较大的介电各向异性(Δ_(ε_r)0.85);对于具有较高双折射率的对称含氟三苯二炔类和三苯乙炔异硫氰基类液晶化合物表现出较低的介电损耗(tanδ_(ε_r⊥)8.0×10~(-3),18GHz),而异硫氰基的含氟二苯乙炔类和不对称含氟三苯二炔类液晶化合物则表现出较高的介电损耗(tanδ_(ε_r⊥)8.0×10~(-3),18GHz)。     

温度对液晶盒电容的影响

液晶盒电容的大小与外加电压的数值相关。当液晶的温度发生变化时,即使施加的电压值一定,液晶盒的电容也会发生变化。为了研究温度的影响,采用交流电桥的方法对灌注5CB液晶的平行排列向列相液晶盒电容进行了实验测量,并由精密热台（LTS350,Linkam）控制液晶盒的温度,得到了不同温度下液晶盒的电压-电容特性曲线。由此可以看出：在大于阈值电压范围内,同一电压下液晶盒电容随温度的升高逐渐增加,并且曲线的斜率逐渐减小,说明液晶向各向同性态转变。此项研究对进一步分析液晶材料的介电常数有一定的指导意义。     

液晶材料介电常数的毫米波频率特性研究

利用矩形波导管和向量分析仪,测量了几种液晶材料在26.5～40 GHz波段(Ka波)的介电常数.实验表明,1 kHz频率下呈现正、负介电各向异性的液晶材料,在该微波波段下都显示为正的介电各向异性.尽管这些材料的静介电常数各向异性相差很大,但是该微波波段对应的介电各向异性相差却很小,而且在26.5～38 GHz区间内几乎不随频率的增大而发生变化.     

一种反型PNLC电光特性曲线的研究

采用紫外光聚合分离法使混合体系(可光聚合单体/液晶/光引发剂)产生相分离,制备了以双官能团丙烯酸酯为基体的反型聚合物网络液晶膜材料。采用液晶光电测试仪测试了光引发剂1-羟基环己基苯甲酮(IRG184)浓度和不同种类液晶盒如平行盒和反平行盒对反型PNLC液晶膜的电光性能的影响。研究结果表明,当光引发剂IRG184浓度为0.2%时,采用双官能团丙烯单体材料作为可光聚合单体,选择光学各向异性和介电各向异性适当的向列相液晶D5,混合搅拌均匀以后灌注于盒厚7μm的反平行排列液晶盒中,在光强为18mW/cm2、波长主要为365nm的紫外光下,温度控制在25~30℃使其聚合,所得反型PNLC膜的电光特性曲线最佳,如阈值电压、工作电压等特性最好,并对研究结果进行了相关的讨论。     

基板锚定特性对液晶盒电容的影响

基板的锚定特性,包括锚定能大小和锚定易取方向,影响液晶指向矢的分布,直接导致液晶盒电容的改变,因此可以通过液晶盒电容的测量确定基板表面的锚定特性。基于液晶弹性理论和变分原理,理论推导弱锚定平行排列向列相和混合排列向列相液晶盒系统的平衡态方程和边界条件,采用差分迭代方法数值模拟得到了液晶盒约化电容随电压、锚定能系数及锚定易取方向变化的曲线。结果表明:液晶盒电容随基板锚定能系数的增加而减小;随预倾角的增加,液晶盒电容随锚定能系数的变化缩小;同一电压和基板锚定能系数下,平行排列向列相液晶盒电容不会大于混合排列向列相液晶的电容。     

液晶盒的电容特性

液晶盒外加一定的电压,会改变液晶分子的取向排列,这样液晶层的有效介电常数也会随之发生改变。如果把液晶盒看作一个电容器,其电容也会有所改变。本论文理论研究强锚泊混合排列向列相液晶盒的电容特性,基于液晶弹性理论和变分原理,理论推导液晶盒系统的平衡态方程及电容的解析表达式,通过Matlab软件数值模拟了此液晶盒的电容-电压曲线和指向矢分布曲线,并对其电容特性进行了分析。     

液晶分子取向对一维光学多层膜光子晶体透射谱的影响

比较研究了液晶分子平行和扭曲排列对TiO2 和SiO2 介质膜交替的一维光子晶体透射谱的影响。向列相液晶平行取向时,光子禁带中出现四个透过峰,中心波长约1 840、1 814、1 466、1 423 nm,加热器件,峰位蓝移,相邻的两个透过峰合二为一。向列相液晶扭曲排列时,光子禁带中出现两个独立透射峰,分别位于1 865、1 489 nm,加热样品峰位蓝移。液晶分子平行排列,液晶层折射率各向异性较明显,光子禁带具有两种偏振模式透过峰。液晶分子扭曲排列,液晶层折射率各向异性不明显,光子禁带只有独立透过峰。加热样品,液晶分子排列变化,引起液晶层有效折射率值改变,透过峰位移动。     

液晶分子取向对一维光学多层膜光子晶体透射谱影响

比较研究了液晶分子平行和扭曲排列对TiO2和SiO2介质膜交替的一维光子晶体透射谱的影响。向列相液晶平行取向时,光子禁带中出现四个透过峰,中心波长约1 840、1 814、1 466、1 423 nm,加热器件,峰位蓝移,相邻的两个透过峰合二为一。向列相液晶扭曲排列时,光子禁带中出现两个独立透射峰,分别位于1 865、1 489 nm,加热样品峰位蓝移。液晶分子平行排列,液晶层折射率各向异性较明显,光子禁带具有两种偏振模式透过峰。液晶分子扭曲排列,液晶层折射率各向异性不明显,光子禁带只有独立透过峰。加热样品,液晶分子排列变化,引起液晶层有效折射率值改变,透过峰位移动。     

不同初始分布向列相液晶电容特性的相场法研究

液晶盒内的液晶分子在不同的外加电场作用下重新排布,其极化指向发生改变,从而影响液晶盒整体的电学特性。本文考虑液晶材料的挠曲电效应,分析液晶盒的整体自由能表达式,包含弹性形变自由能密度、介电自由能密度和挠曲电自由能密度。基于液晶弹性理论和相场方法,构建描述液晶核指向矢分布及演化的相场方程,并运用离散方法推导出液晶盒约化电容的表达式。讨论边界强锚定的混合液晶盒(HAN)和平行液晶盒(PAN)表面电荷密度对液晶核指向矢偏转角的影响。进一步分析了挠曲电系数、表面电荷密度以及液晶盒厚度对两种不同初始指向分布液晶盒电容性能的影响。数值分析结果表明,表面电荷密度越大、挠曲电系数越小,液晶核指向矢偏角越大。在混合液晶盒中,约化电容随着表面电荷或液晶厚度的增加而增加,最终趋于饱和;而在平行液晶盒中,当表面电荷密度或液晶盒厚度达到某个临界值时,液晶核的指向矢才发生改变,液晶的约化电容才有明显的变化。随着表面电荷密度增加,液晶核指向矢发生偏转的临界厚度减小。     

液晶的介电各向异性分布对液晶微带线特性的影响

基于向列液晶的微带传输线模型,研究了其模场解和1～100 GHz频段内传输特性,采用有限元法较为精确和全面地分析了各向异性非均匀分布的液晶介质对微带传输线模场解和S参量的影响,并且分析了微带电极上施加偏置电压对该传输线S参数的影响。仿真结果表明:该微波传输线模型的回波损耗在考虑液晶的介电各向异性非均匀分布时比传统仿真方法所得结果更低,随着偏置电压在一定范围内连续增大其S参数连续变化,同时谐振频率连续移动,并且这种精确的分析方法计算得到的谐振频率点的偏移量相比传统分析方法修正误差2.4 GHz,这为液晶微波可调器件的进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

Addition of single-wall carbon nanotubes to a liquid crystal material: Impact on dielectric properties

In this study, the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the dielectric parameters of (11-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-oxy)undecan-1-ol) (coded as) LC11 has been investigated by dielectric spectroscopy measurements. According to analysis of ac dielectric parameters׳ analysis, while relaxation frequency increases with CNT doping, the magnitude of energy loss decreases. In this respect, CNT doped LC11 material which can be utilized in the wide working frequency interval with low energy requirements, has a great potential for technological applications. On the other hand, CNT adding changes the relaxation type from nearly Debye to non-Debye type. In addition to these remarkable modifications on the dielectric parameters, it has been determined that CNT doping extends the frequency interval where the liquid crystal (LC) system shows negative dielectric anisotropy (NDA). In other words, observation of the NDA at the higher frequency region relative to LC11 means that the molecular alignment can be controlled by CNT. Hence, tuning the alignment of the LC11 molecules by CNT doping may lead its utility for various LC device applications.     

TFT—LCD显示特性分析

本文分析 TFT-LCD 显示单元间耦合电容、液晶材料介电各向异性对象素电极电压的影响,在此基础上讨论其显示特性。分析了引起 TFT-LCD 显示残象、闪烁以及影响灰度的主要原因,并介绍改善图象质量的几种方法。     

掺杂Y2O3对BaSrTiO3介质瓷性能的影响

以碳酸钡、碳酸锶和二氧化钛等为原料,Y2O3为掺杂剂,制得了BaSrTiO3系介质瓷。用Automatic LCR Meter 4225测试了1 kHz条件下试样的电容量C和介质损耗因数D,并测试了–30～+125℃试样的C和tgδ,得到了试样相对介电常数εr及εr和tgδ随温度的变化曲线。结果表明,在室温下,试样的相对介电常数最大值εr max不小于5 500,tgδ的最小值不大于16×10–4。     

Nematic Anisotropic Liquid‐Crystal Gels—Self‐Assembled Nanocomposites with High Electromechanical Response

The uniqueness of liquid crystals (LCs) lies in the large anisotropies of their properties, which can be utilized to generate high electromechanical responses. In a properly oriented LC polymer system, an external electric field can induce reorientation of the mesogenic units possessing a dielectric anisotropy, which, when coupled with the shape anisotropy of the mesogenic units, can in turn produce large mechanical strain. Anisotropic LC gels, which can be obtained by in‐situ photopolymerization of the reactive LC molecules in the presence of non‐reactive LC molecules in an oriented state, are an example of such liquid‐crystal polymer systems. It is shown here that a homeotropically aligned LC gel in its nematic phase exhibits high electrically induced strain (> 2 %) with an elastic modulus of 100 MPa and a high electromechanical conversion efficiency (75 %) under an electric field of 25 MV/m. These anisotropic LC polymeric materials could provide a technologically compatible system for such applications as artificial muscles and as microelectromechanical devices.     

Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane‐Modified Boron Nitride Nanotube Based Epoxy Nanocomposites: An Ideal Dielectric Material with High Thermal Conductivity

Dielectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity are very promising for microelectronic packaging and thermal management application in new energy systems such as solar cells and light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, a well‐known paradox is that conventional composites with high thermal conductivity usually suffer from the high dielectric constant and high dielectric loss, while on the other hand, composite materials with excellent dielectric properties usually possess low thermal conductivity. In this work, an ideal dielectric thermally conductive epoxy nanocomposite is successfully fabricated using polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as fillers. The nanocomposites with 30 wt% fraction of POSS modified BNNTs exhibit much lower dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, and coefficient of thermal expansion in comparison with the pure epoxy resin. As an example, below 100 Hz, the dielectric loss of the nanocomposites with 20 and 30 wt% BNNTs is reduced by one order of magnitude in comparison with the pure epoxy resin. Moreover, the nanocomposites show a dramatic thermal conductivity enhancement of 1360% in comparison with the pristine epoxy resin at a BNNT loading fraction of 30 wt%. The merits of the designed composites are suggested to originate from the excellent intrinsic properties of embedded BNNTs, effective surface modification by POSS molecules, and carefully developed composite preparation methods.     

Inside Front Cover: Unprecedented Dual Alignment Mode and Freedericksz Transition in Planar Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells Doped with Gold Nanoclusters (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2008)

On p. 212, Torsten Hegmann and co‐workers describe nematic liquid crystals (N‐LCs) confined in planar liquid crystal cells after doping with small quantities of gold nanoclusters. These give rise to a dual alignment mode and electro‐optic response (Freedericksz transition). By fine‐tuning of experimental conditions, N‐LCs doped with gold nanoclusters can be electrically reoriented and aligned either like N‐LCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy (used in twisted nematic displays) in a planar cell or alternatively as N‐LCs with a negative dielectric anisotropy (used in large LCD TVs based on the vertical alignment mode). We demonstrate that alkylthiol‐capped gold nanoclusters doped into nematic liquid crystals (N‐LCs) with positive dielectric anisotropy give rise to an unprecedented dual alignment mode and electro‐optical response, which has a potential impact on current liquid crystal (LC) display technologies and N‐LC optical‐biosensor design. By fine‐tuning experimental conditions (temperature, electric field, and alignment), N‐LCs doped with gold nanoclusters can be aligned and electrically reoriented either like N‐LCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy in a planar cell or, alternatively, as N‐LCs with a negative dielectric anisotropy in a homeotropic cell, both at lower threshold voltages than the pure N‐LC.     

低阈值TFT液晶材料物理性能研究

低阈值TFT液晶材料广泛应用于小尺寸液晶显示器。将CGUF、PGUF和PUQUF3个系列高介电各向异性液晶单体分别添加到基础配方P0,配制了2个系列混合液晶,考察不同单体对配方性能的影响规律。结果表明,添加相同比例的PUQUF系列单体对增大配方的介电各向异性和降低配方的阈值电压最有效;添加相同比例的PGUF系列单体可显著增大配方的双折射率和缩短响应时间。