基于MMSE 信道估计的VRVP-MQAM 方法性能研究

信道估计对于VRVP-MQAM系统的整体性能至关重要,论述了VRVP-MQAM方法在实际应用中遇到的问题,针对假定CSI已知的传统研究方法,该文通过采用MMSE算法进行信道估计,研究了MMSE估计误差对VRVP-MQAM方法的ASE性能影响,并在Rayleigh衰落信道下进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:与信道状态已知(=1)相比,MMSE估计误差(=0.9时)会产生1~3 dB左右的ASE性能差距;当平均SNR为20 dB时,MMSE算法下信道状态的平均频谱效率为0.3 bps/Hz,比理想信道状态的平均频谱效率低。因此,VRVP-MQAM方法的应用将会越来越广泛。     

Modified-rate-quantization algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output systems under imperfect channel knowledge

In this paper, a modified-rate-quantization algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is proposed using singular-value decomposition (SVD). This low complexity scheme adapts the subchannel transmit power and spectral efficiency in the spatial and temporal domains under transmit power and instantaneous bit error rate (BER) constraints. It is shown that with five discrete-rate levels, the proposed scheme reaches a spectral efficiency performance similar to the scheme with a continuous rate. The robustness of the proposed scheme to channel state information (CSI) imperfections is also studied. The obtained results show that the spectral efficiency is unaffected up to a certain level, but the bit error rate (BER) performance is particularly sensitive to these imperfections, especially at high SNR levels. Indeed, this ideally designed MIMO system over-estimates the subchannels, which leads to a deterioration of the BER performance. A new version of this algorithm, which is suitable for vertical Bell Labs layered space–time (V-BLAST) systems, is also presented. Through simulation results, it appears that the extended algorithm allows to reach a better performance in terms of spectral efficiency than other known schemes, but it is more sensitive to imperfect CSI than the first version.     

A novel multicarrier index keying-aided non-orthogonal multiple access systems in presence of uncertain channel state information

This paper investigates the performance of novel multicarrier index keying-aided non-orthogonal multiple access (MCIK-NOMA) system. Unlike the classical scheme, the proposed system sends the information through both index domain and constellation domain symbols thereby increases the spectral efficiency. The impact of channel state information (CSI) uncertainty on the system's performance is investigated. More specifically, the performance of MCIK-NOMA under three different CSI conditions is analyzed: perfect CSI, MMSE-based variable CSI, and fixed CSI uncertainty. This paper also discusses the optimum power difference needed for the successful separation of symbols at the SIC receiver by alternating the power ratio in the proposed system. The influence of selecting different active subcarriers and modulation techniques on the system's performance is studied in detail. The simulation results show that the proposed system achieves better BER and spectral efficiency and outperforms the existing systems.     

Adaptive modulation systems for predicted wireless channels

When adaptive modulation is used to counter short-term fading in mobile radio channels, signaling delays create problems with outdated channel state information. The use of channel power prediction will improve the performance of the link adaptation. It is then of interest to take the quality of these predictions into account explicitly when designing an adaptive modulation scheme. We study the optimum design of an adaptive modulation scheme based on uncoded M-quadrature amplitude modulation, assisted by channel prediction for the flat Rayleigh fading channel. The data rate, and in some variants the transmit power, are adapted to maximize the spectral efficiency, subject to average power and bit-error rate constraints. The key issues studied here are how a known prediction error variance will affect the optimized transmission properties, such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) boundaries that determine when to apply different modulation rates, and to what extent it affects the spectral efficiency. This investigation is performed by analytical optimization of the link adaptation, using the statistical properties of a particular, but efficient, channel power predictor. Optimum solutions for the rate and transmit power are derived, based on the predicted SNR and the prediction error variance.     

Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation: a unified view

We examine adaptive modulation schemes for flat-fading channels where the data rate, transmit power, and instantaneous BER are varied to maximize spectral efficiency, subject to an average power and BER constraint. Both continuous-rate and discrete-rate adaptation are considered, as well as average and instantaneous BER constraints. We find the general form of power, BER and data rate adaptation that maximizes spectral efficiency for a large class of modulation techniques and fading distributions. The optimal adaptation of these parameters is to increase the power and data rate and decrease the BER as the channel quality improves. Surprisingly, little spectral efficiency is lost when the power or rate is constrained to be constant. Hence, the spectral efficiency of adaptive modulation is relatively insensitive to which degrees of freedom are adapted     

Analysis of Adaptive MIMO Transmit Beamforming Under Channel Prediction Errors Based on Incomplete Lipschitz–Hankel Integrals

This paper provides new results for a family of incomplete Lipschitz–Hankel integrals (ILHIs) which also lead to the evaluation of certain integrals involving the generalized Marcum Q function. These mathematical results are then applied to analyze the bit error rate (BER) of adaptive modulation over multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels under imperfect channel state information (CSI). A novel exact closed-form expression for the average BER of adaptive modulation under MIMO transmit beamforming with maximal ratio combining, assuming prediction errors at the receiver for the adaptation CSI required by the transmitter, is obtained. The benefit of this result with respect to previous analysis is threefold. First, the expression is an exact closed form. Second, it is applicable to any antenna configuration, and third, it allows a design improvement of the cutoff SNR thresholds, which leads to better system performance in terms of average spectral efficiency at no extra cost.      

自适应Turbo-QAM编码调制及其在 平坦Nakagami衰落信道的吞吐量性能

本文提出了一种通用的自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能分析方法.基于各固定编码调制方式的误码率(BER)性能,使每种编码调制方案对应于一个信道平均信噪比(SNR)范围,再应用拉格朗日函数法得到使自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能最大的信噪比转换门限,可得到系统的平均吞吐量性能.数值分析结果表明,相对于自适应M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM),自适应Turbo编码MQAM系统吞吐量性能有显著提高,并且该性能受瞬时误码率要求的影响较小.Nakagami信道中,在相同平均信道信噪比条件下,随着m的增大,系统吞吐量性能提高缓慢.     

Power allocation for AF relaying aided spatial modulation in the presence of imperfect channel state information

By combining Spatial modulation (SM) with cooperative communication, the diversity gain brought by cooperative relaying and high rate of SM can be obtained. In this paper, considering amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, the performance of cooperative SM system with imperfect channel state information (CSI) over Rayleigh channel is analyzed. According to the performance analysis, the moment generating functions (MGFs) of effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are derived. With the MGFs, closed-form expressions of the error probability of antenna index detection and the error probability of symbol detection for imperfect CSI are achieved. Thereby, the approximate overall average bit error ratio (BER) is obtained, and these theoretical expressions include those under perfect CSI as special cases. Besides, the asymptotically approximate BER for large SNR is also derived. Based on this, a suboptimal power allocation (PA) scheme is developed, and the corresponding PA coefficients are attained by minimizing the asymptotical BER. As a result, closed-form PA can be attained for the system with multiple receive antennas. Computer simulations show that the theoretical BERs are close to the corresponding simulated results, which illustrates the effectiveness of the derived theoretical expressions. Compared with the conventional equal PA scheme, the proposed PA scheme enhances the BER performance efficiently.     

Performance analysis of variable rate: symbol-by-symbol adaptivebit interleaved coded modulation for Rayleigh fading channels

A challenging problem for a high-speed data service over wireless is to protect data over the error-prone fading channel in an effective way (high-bandwidth efficiency). We propose a bandwidth-efficient error correction scheme, namely variable rate adaptive bit interleaved coded modulation (ABICM), for the wireless mobile channel. The code rate and modulation level are varied according to the current channel state to exploit the time-varying nature of the wireless channel. Design challenges to achieve symbol-by-symbol adaptation are addressed. In particular, we address the criteria for choosing the family of component codes for the ABICM system. We propose a multilevel puncturing scheme that solves the problem of symbol-by-symbol adaptive puncturing and interleaving. The equivalent distance spectrum for variable rate symbol-by-symbol adaptive codes is introduced and analytical bounds on adaptive codes are derived that enable us to determine the optimal adaptation thresholds. Two operation modes, namely constant throughput and constant bit error rate (BER) controls, are proposed. It is found that there are significant gains relative to fixed-rate coding in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and throughput. It is also found that the ABICM scheme is essentially not degraded when used with small interleaving depths. This makes the ABICM very suitable for real-time applications     

星地激光通信中多光束发射的最优发送

在多光束发射系统中,发送天线获得信道状态信息能够提高信道增益,有效克服大气湍流对星地激光通信的影响,提高系统的误码率性能。文章提出一种基于信道互易理论让发送天线获得信道状态信息的方法,然后根据信道状态信息,对发送光束进行最优选择,提高发射功率的利用率,改善信噪比,降低误码率。仿真结果表明,在发送端对发送天线进行最优选择,能够降低星地激光通信的误码率,提高通信系统的性能。     

A novel Block Bi-diagonalization based pre-coding scheme for bit error reduction in mutiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

The MIMO-OFDM increases spectral efficiency without the use of channel state information (CSI). However, the bit error rate (BER) in the MIMO-OFDM model increases dramatically due to the increase in nonlinear distortion in the power amplifier (PA). In this research, a novel pre-coder integrated MIMO-OFDM technology is designed for effective BER reduction, and its performance is analyzed. The discrete wavelet-based OFDM system is one of the key ideas to present good orthogonal by emphasizing orthogonal wavelets. It helps to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) and noise within the channel by extending the bandwidth (BW) compared to conventional OFDM systems. But, DWT-OFDM highly suffered due to downsampling, which degrades system efficiency. To overcome this, a redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) is proposed in this article to enhance spectral efficiency. For modulation, 16-bit quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is introduced in this work. In addition to this, a block bi-diagonalization (BBD) pre-coder technique is proposed to mitigate unwanted noise and interference in the MIMO-OFDM system. The performance measures such as ergodic sum capacity, BER, throughput, average jitter noise power, mean square error (MSE), and power consumption are analyzed using the MATLAB platform. The proposed method obtains the ergodic sum capacity of 6.25 bps/Hz, a BER of 0.021, a throughput of 95.2%, MSE of −0.47, and a power consumption of 1.15 μW. The simulative results prove the efficacy of the proposed method.     

Joint Optimization Of “Transmission Rate” and “Outer-Loop SNR Target” Adaptation Over Fading Channels

Joint optimization of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) target and transmission rate adaptation is examined for multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) over flat-fading channels, to maximize the spectral efficiency subject to an average transmit power constraint. We propose an adaptive transmission scheme in which the outer-loop SNR target and data rate are adapted to bit-error rate (BER), where total or truncated channel-inversion strategies are exploited for the (fast) inner-loop power control. We obtain the optimal solutions for both continuous and discrete rate adaptation, and consider cases where diversity combining is performed in the receiver. We show that by using this BER-based adaptive scheme, spectral efficiency can be improved compared with optimal SNR-based variable-rate variable-power MQAM. We also show that for continuous rate adaptation, the optimal SNR target monotonically increases with BER, while it descends within a BER range with constant rate     

A robust asynchronous multiuser STBC-OFDM transmission scheme for frequency-selective channels

In this paper, we propose a robust STBC transmission scheme to combat timing synchronization errors over frequency-selective multiple-access channels. We start by deriving the equivalent channel model in the presence of timing synchronization errors. Based on this correlated equivalent channel model, the statistical channel power gain profile is analyzed and shown to exhibit unequal channel power gains on different subcarriers. Furthermore, a robust statistical bit loading algorithm is proposed to optimize the BER performance in scenarios where link adaptation based on instantaneous channel information is infeasible or undesirable. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is robust to timing synchronization errors, providing around 7.5dB SNR advantage at the BER of 10_-4 over the conventional scheme in various channel environments.     

DC compensated adaptive modulation in MIMO systems

A DC offset compensated variable rate variable power (VRVP) adaptive modulation (AM) MIMO system with perfect channel state information is introduced. By this approach, BER degradation of AM MIMO due to DC offset is removed considerably. This technique provides a good trade-off between BER and average spectral efficiency (ASE) and increases the robustness of the system relative to DC offset.     

Enhancing spectral efficiency of FSO system using adaptive SIM/M‐PSK and SIMO in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors

This paper proposes an adaptive transmission modulation (ATM) technique for free‐space optical (FSO) links over gamma‐gamma turbulence channels.The ATM technique provides efficient utilization of the FSO channel capacity for improving spectral efficiency, by adapting the order of the phase‐shift keying modulation scheme, according to the channel conditions and the required bit error rate (BER). To overcome the channel degradation resulting from the turbulence effects as well as the pointing errors (PEs), single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) system with maximal ratio combining (MRC) is proposed. Exact closed‐form expressions of BER and upper bound of the capacity are derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the proposed adaptive technique improves the spectral efficiency (SE) five times higher than the nonadaptive technique at the same BER threshold (10^?3).This improvement is achieved at signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) equals 27 and 42  dB in the case of atmospheric turbulence without and with PE, respectively. Furthermore, this SE could be obtained while the SNR = 30  dB by using ( 1 × 4 ) SIMO scheme with MRC and PE and having the same transmitting optical power.     

Practical Multiuser Diversity With Outdated Channel Feedback

Inspired by the information theoretic results concerning multiuser diversity, we address practical issues in implementing multiuser diversity in a multiple access wireless setting. Considering a channel-assigning strategy that assigns the channel only to the user with the best instantaneous SNR [3], our emphasis is on the effects of channel feedback delay in downlink transmissions. A finite set of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) constellations is adopted and a constant transmit power is assumed in this practical multiuser adaptive modulation scheme. Based on the closed-form expressions for average bit error rate (BER) and average data rate, we illustrate the impact of channel feedback delay on the achievable multiuser diversity gain with the number of users. Simple and accurate asymptotic approximations are also provided in the limit of large numbers of users. Focusing on different applications, we propose two optimization criteria for the switching thresholds, based on either an average BER, or an outage probability constraint. Two novel constant power, variable rate M-QAM schemes that are less sensitive to feedback delay are proposed using the optimal switching thresholds, which are derived to maximize the average data rate subject to these two constraints, respectively. To obtain a certain degree of fairness among the users, we also consider a fair channel-assigning strategy that assigns the channel to only the user with the greatest normalized SNR.     

具有不完全信道状态信息MIMO系统的优化设计

 本文研究了不完全信道状态信息(CSI)对多输入多输出(MIMO)系统容量的影响.基于平均功率和平均误码率的约束条件,我们提出了一种利用不完全CSI进行功率自适应调制的优化设计方案.根据Wishart矩阵的统计分布,我们导出了该系统容量的封闭表达式.研究结果表明:在具有不完全CSI的MIMO系统中,利用不完全CSI进行设计可以显著地提高系统的容量.     

AQAM系统最佳信噪比门限值的研究 及其在IEEE802.16e中的应用

 自适应调制根据瞬时信道信噪比选择适当的调制方式,能够改善系统的BER性能以及平均吞吐量性能.在常用于高速移动环境的六径瑞利衰落信道模型下,研究自适应调制系统的最佳信噪比门限值,使系统的平均吞吐量最大,同时能够保证系统达到目标BER性能.得到的最佳信噪比门限值可以用于ITU-R M.1225 Vehicular Test A 模型的自适应调制系统.给出了最佳信噪比门限值用于IEEE802.16e OFDM自适应调制系统的性能仿真,并对仿真结果进行了分析.     

Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels

We propose a variable-rate and variable-power MQAM modulation scheme for high-speed data transmission over fading channels. We first review results for the Shannon capacity of fading channels with channel side information, where capacity is achieved using adaptive transmission techniques. We then derive the spectral efficiency of our proposed modulation. We show that there is a constant power gap between the spectral efficiency of our proposed technique and the channel capacity, and this gap is a simple function of the required bit-error rate (BER). In addition, using just five or six different signal constellations, we achieve within 1-2 dB of the maximum efficiency using unrestricted constellation sets. We compute the rate at which the transmitter needs to update its power and rate as a function of the channel Doppler frequency for these constellation sets. We also obtain the exact efficiency loss for smaller constellation sets, which may be required if the transmitter adaptation rate is constrained by hardware limitations. Our modulation scheme exhibits a 5-10-dB power gain relative to variable-power fixed-rate transmission, and up to 20 dB of gain relative to nonadaptive transmission. We also determine the effect of channel estimation error and delay on the BER performance of our adaptive scheme. We conclude with a discussion of coding techniques and the relationship between our proposed modulation and Shannon capacity     

An adaptive modulation scheme for simultaneous voice and datatransmission over fading channels

We propose a new adaptive modulation technique for simultaneous voice and data transmission over fading channels and study its performance. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the time-varying nature of fading to dynamically allocate the transmitted power between the inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) channels. It uses fixed-rate binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation on the Q channel for voice, and variable-rate M-ary amplitude modulation (M-AM) on the I channel for data. For favorable channel conditions, most of the power is allocated to high rate data transmission on the I channel. The remaining power is used to support the variable-power voice transmission on the Q channel. As the channel degrades, the modulation gradually reduces its data throughput and reallocates most of its available power to ensure a continuous and satisfactory voice transmission. The scheme is intended to provide a high average spectral efficiency for data communications while meeting the stringent delay requirements imposed by voice. We present closed-form expressions as well as numerical and simulation results for the outage probability, average allocated power, achievable spectral efficiency, and average bit error rate (BER) for both voice and data transmission over Nakagami-m fading channels. We also discuss the features and advantages of the proposed scheme. For example, in Rayleigh fading with an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB, our scheme is able to transmit about 2 bits/s/Hz of data at an average BER of 10 ^-5 while sending about 1 bit/s/Hz of voice at an average BER of 10^-2