WCDMA下行信道RAKE接收机的性能分析

在第三代移动通信WCDMA的最新通信标准^[1]中,下行信道在保留时分复用导频符号的同时,新增了公共导频信道.本文针对WCDMA这一最新改变,给出了利用公共导频信道进行信道估计,实现相干RAKE接收的模型算法、性能分析及仿真结果.仿真表明,利用公共导频信道的RAKE接收机性能明显优于时分插入导频符号辅助的RAKE接收机的性能,尤其在高速及变速运动情况下,而且具有信道估计算法简单、信道跟踪实时性强的特点.     

智能天线中一种迭代的联合信道估计 与符号检测算法

在传统的二维RAKE接收机中,通常使用导频信道来估计信道矢量,进而求取加权系数,用于业务信道符号序列的检测.当导频功率较低时,信道估计误差较大,系统性能较差.本文提出了一种新的算法,先利用导频进行信道矢量的初始估计,然后用带投影的迭代最小二乘法,进行信道和符号序列的联合估计,该算法具有计算复杂度低,收敛速度快的特点.仿真结果表明:与传统二维RAKE接收机相比,该算法使系统的误码性能得到了有效改善.     

多码CDMA系统中联合并行干扰抵消与迭代信道估计方法

本文针对多码CDMA系统提出了一种联合并行干扰抵消与迭代信道估计方法。该方法首先通过导频符号对信道进行估计，然后使用RAKE接收机后的软信息对信道参数进行修正，最后通过并行干扰抵消(PIC)去除多码干扰(MCI)。仿真结果表明，经过多次迭代后，该方法可显著地降低多码CDMA系统的误比特率平台。本文同时还给出了信道估计质量、码道数和PIC次数对多码CDMA系统性能的影响。     

WCDMA系统中BTS与MT RAKE接收机实现技术比较

<正> 为了消除移动信道对扩频信号的不利影响,提高通信的可靠性,WCDMA系统中广泛采用了多径分集的RAKE接收技术。文章针对WCDMA MT和BTS接收机中RAKE接收实现技术,从扩频信号的产生、相干解调原理及工程实现方法上进行了详细介绍、分析与比较,并给出了具体的RAKE接收机实现框架。     

二维RAKE接收机中一种新的信道矢量估计算法

在二维RAKE接收机中，通常仅用导频信道来估计信道矢量，当导频功率较低时，估计误差较大。本文提出一种新的信道矢量估计算法，该算法采用导频信道与业务信道联合估计技术，通过分集组合两个信道的估计结果，使信道矢量的估计精度得到了提高，仿真结果表明，该算法能有效地降低系统的误码率。     

一种频选衰落信道下的Turbo多用户检测算法

联合MAP多用户检测与信道解码的迭代多用户检测(MUD)技术可显著提高宽带移动CDMA系统的容量和性能.在多径时变衰落的编码信道下,提出一种迭代实现干扰抑制、符号估计、信道解码的Turbo多用户检测算法.在每次迭代中,MUD自适应地实现干扰抑制并输出符号估计的软信息,软输入软输出的信道解码器使用LOG MAP方法实现信道解码并反馈符号估计的软信息作为下一次TurboMUD迭代的先验信息.仿真结果证实了该算法在频选衰落信道下经两次迭代就能逼近单用户编码CDMA系统的接收性能.     

未知噪声信息多径衰落信道的软判决度量生成

信道解码中的软判决技术需要利用信道噪声方差信息来产生软判决度量,而通常情况下,这一信息是未知和时变的。本文首先简要分析了信道噪声方差对软判决度量的影响,进而提出一种新的在多径衰落信道中估计时变噪声方差的方法,并利用该方法的估计结果为信道解码器生成软判决度量。将该算法应用于中国地面数字电视广播传输系统外接收机的仿真结果表明：与已有的信道噪声方差估计算法相比,本文算法具有收敛速度快、估计结果准确的优点,生成的软判决度量逼近于多径衰落信道的最优软判决度量。     

WCDMA系统STTD发送分集RAKE接收机的性能分析

第三代移动通信系统WCDMA的发送分集方式有两种：开环模式和闭环模式,其中开环模式采用基于空间－时间分组编码的STTD发送分集方式。本文针对WCDMA系统中的STTD发送方式,给出了利用公共导频信道进行信道估计,实现相干RAKE接收的模型算法、性能分析及仿真结果。仿真表明,在总发送比特能量相同的条件下,尤其是在接收机缓慢移动的情况下,采用STTD发送分集的RAKE接收性能优于单天线发送时的RAKE接收机的性能,而在高速移动情况下,STTD发送方式不能提供优于单天线发送时的接收性能。     

WCDMA系统中空时2D-RAKE接收机性能分析

分析了在WCDMA系统的基站中采用含智能天线的空时2D-RAKE接收机的结构和性能.在建立了WCDMA信道、信号模型的基础上,给出了输出误码率的表达式.提出了一种新的利用两个连续时隙的导频符号估计出的信道参数进行加权最小二乘意义下二次曲线内插的信道参数估计方法(WLS).仿真结果表明:WLS算法能很好地跟踪多径衰落信道的变化,提出的空时2D RAKE接收机的误码性能大大改善,而且在移动台移动速度较高时仍能正常工作.     

WCDMA系统中时空信道及信道参数的估计

时空信道可以用矢量信道冲激响应(VCIR)来描述,正确估计VCIR是智能天线系统实现的关键技术。该文分析了WCDMA的物理信道帧格式,提出了利用上行信道中的辅助导频信号实现VCIR估计的方法,借助已有的角度与相对时延联合估计方法,可以得到实现下行选择性发送及二维相干RAKE接收机的一组信道参数(DOA、相对时延及复衰落)。利用这样一种间接的方法,可以解决用户数远大于阵元数及频率选择性衰落信道中存在大量相干源时的DOA估计问题。计算机仿真实验表明,时空信道的估计精度完全可以满足信道参数估计的要求。     

Turbo decoder SNR estimation with RAKE reception

The joint performance of a turbo decoder and RAKE receiver using the MAP algorithm depends on the accuracy of the channel reliability factor. In a high data rate/low processing gain environment, inherent interference that results from non-idealities of the RAKE receiver complicate the estimation of the channel reliability factor. The combined performance of a turbo decoder and RAKE receiver is analyzed in a timedispersive and time-varying channel with distinct multipath components. Approaches are examined for estimating the channel reliability factor using the limited information that is known by the RAKE receiver. The sensitivity of performance to SNR mismatches is computed. The impact of the processing gain and the number of multipath components on BER performance is analyzed along with the effect of the channel time coherence. By accounting for the non-ideal RAKE interference effects, improvements in the channel reliability factor calculation result in BER performance improvements on the order of 0.5-2 dB.     

IDMA水声多用户下行通信链路迭代接收算法

水声通信网络的快速发展对多用户水声物理层通信技术提出了迫切的需求。本文主要针对水声多用户下行通信链路中存在严重码间干扰和多址干扰的问题,提出了一种交织多址（IDMA）水声多用户下行通信链路迭代接收算法,能够根据译码器输出的软信息对估计的信道进行迭代更新,同时根据信道估计结果重建各用户对当前用户的多址干扰（MAI）,并使用干扰抵消器予以抵消,通过在均衡器、译码器和干扰抵消器之间的迭代逐次提高当前用户信息的输出信噪比,最终实现正确解调。其中,信道估计算法采用LMMSE初始化的分簇OMP稀疏信道估计算法,多普勒估计采用时频二维搜索结合自相关相位估计的方法,计算机仿真结果表明该接收机具有与已知信道时接近或相当的性能。进行了多用户水声通信海上试验,在4.5km、6km和7km三个距离实现了对2个用户、3个用户和4个用户的同时通信,每个用户的通信净速率约为500bps,证明了本文所提出的方法能够有效应用在多用户水声通信中,为水声通信网络的发展提供了一种重要的物理层通信技术手段。      

Performance analysis of space-time transmitter diversity techniques for WCDMA using long range prediction

Transmitter diversity in the downlink of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems achieves similar performance gains to the mobile-station receiver diversity without the complexity of a mobile-station receiver antenna array. Pre-RAKE precoding at the transmitter can be employed to achieve the multipath diversity without the need of the RAKE receiver at the mobile station. We examine feasibility of several transmitter diversity techniques and precoding for the third-generation wideband CDMA (WCDMA) systems. In particular, selective transmit diversity, transmit adaptive array and space-time pre-RAKE (STPR) techniques are compared. It is demonstrated that the STPR method is the optimal method to combine antenna diversity and temporal precoding. This method achieves the gain of maximum ratio combining of all space and frequency diversity branches when perfect channel state information is available at the transmitter. We employ the long range fading prediction algorithm to enable transmitter diversity techniques for rapidly time varying multipath fading channels.     

空时发射分集CDMA的多径分集接收

本文研究了采用STTD(space time transmit diversity)技术的随机序列扩频CDMA(code division multiple access),在频率选择性慢衰落信道中的单用户RAKE接收机在径数很大情况下的性能,并与没有采用STTD的CDMA系统的RAKE接收机的性能进行了比较.结果表明,STTD技术的采用,增强了多址干扰环境中RAKE接收机的抗衰落性能.本文也给出了由STTD所引入的码间干扰及多址干扰对RAKE接收机性能的影响.     

OFDM系统中迭代信道估计和解码研究

该文针对 QPSK调制的 OFDM系统,根据 Turbo码的迭代解码原理,利用其软信息对信道估计的精度进行改进。同时为了防止由于解码器判决不准确造成误差的传播,提出了一种加权迭代估计算法,仿真结果表明,该方法与传统方法相比,能较显著地提高系统的性能。     

2-D rake receiver based on space-time channel parameter estimation

2-D RAKE receiver is an efficient way to realize the space-time processing for CDMA systems with aperiodic spreading codes. The Direction Of Arrival (DOA) and the relative time delay of every user's multipath must be known to realize the 2-D RAKE receiver. In the third generation CDMA mobile communication system, auxiliary pilot channel is used in the uplink channels. The different user's Vector Channel Impulse Response (VCIR) can be estimated from the pilot channel easily. The VCIR contains spatial and temporal information. In this paper, by utilizing the known pulse shape function, a parameter matrix method used to estimate the Spatial Signature Vector (SSV) and the relative time delay is proposed in frequency domain. The DOA can be estimated from the SSV. By reconstructing the SSV and utilizing approximate Capon space filter, the performance of the 2-D RAKE receiver with uniform circular array can be improved with a little additional computation work.     

DS-CDMA系统中连续导频模式下最优信道估计方法

本文建立了RAKE接收机中信道估计器的时域数学模型,以信道估计器输出的估计值与实际信道参数之间的相关系数作为衡量信道估计精度的技术指标,给出了信道估计精度与RAKE接收机误比特率之间关系的数学公式,并指出基于MMSE准则的信道估计方法即为连续导频模式下使得RAKE接收机获得最小误比特率的最优信道估计方法.     

Comparison of MC-CDMA with DS-CDMA using frequency domain and time domain RAKE receivers

In this paper a multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) system with a soft decision differential phase shift keying (DPSK) frequency domain RAKE receiver is described. We compare a MC-CDMA system with a direct sequence CDMA system using RAKE receivers. In contrast with previous MC-CDMA systems, guard intervals are not used and the carriers are spaced at the reciprocal of the bit rate, optimising the usage of the bandwidth. In this way a comparison can be made between the multicarrier CDMA system described and a direct sequence (DS-CDMA) system with the same bandwidth. The results presented are received bit error rates from Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are conducted in a multipath channel with Rayleigh fading and 300 Hz Doppler spectrum with additive white Gaussian noise. It is shown that the multicarrier CDMA matched filter receiver performs favourably compared to the direct sequence CDMA matched filter receiver for 1 -path fading. For a single user at a receive bit error rate of 1×10^–3 in the 4-path fading channel the multicarrier RAKE receiver requires no knowledge of the channel delay spread and performs 3 dB worse than the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver simulated. The performance of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver for a single user increases with increasing channel dispersion. The performance of the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver for multiple user is superior to that of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver.